Evidence
15 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-15).
-
[1]research packet 490-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-991-lcil991-pkt-490-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-991 page (last updated 19 December 2025) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Page header, awards ribbon block, timeline list, and specifications block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Hull timeline and specifications for this hull: LCI-351 class Landing Craft Infantry (Large); laid down 5 April 1944 and launched 29 April 1944 at Consolidated Steel Corp., Shipbuilding Div., Orange, TX; commissioned USS LCI(L)-991 on 25 May 1944 at Orange; WWII assignment displayed as LCI Flotilla Thirteen / LCI Group Thirty-Seven / LCI Division Seventy-Three; occupation and China service displayed 28 September - 16 December 1945; decommissioned and struck dates unknown; transferred to the Maritime Commission at San Diego for disposal (PDX-225, 27 September 1946); final disposition fate unknown; no images of this hull available. Specifications: 246/264/419 tons (light/landing/loaded), 158 ft 5.5 in, beam 23 ft 3 in, 4 officers + 24 enlisted, troops 6 officers + 182 enlisted, five 20mm guns, 2-inch plastic splinter protection, eight GM 6051 Series 71 diesels (4 per shaft), 2,320 shp, twin variable-pitch propellers, two 30 kW diesel-driven ship-service generators.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer-compiled secondary archive, not a primary source - dates corroborated against BuShips Ships' Data 1945 where possible. The flotilla/group/division line is the operational assignment from 1 June 1945 (see correction row ev-uss-lci-l-991-08); the page omits the administrative chain (Flotilla 16/Group 46/Division 92). NOSM ribbon display is not supported by the SecNav eligibility table for this hull. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-991-01
-
[3]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. II (1 April 1945 edition), construction table entry for LCI(L) 991 (mirror of official BuShips publication) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Ships' Data Vol. II, landing-craft construction table, 'LCI (L) 991' row: '5 Apr 44 / 29 Apr 44 / 25 May 44'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official construction dates for this hull in the BuShips data book: keel laid 5 April 1944; launched 29 April 1944; commissioned 25 May 1944 - matching the NavSource timeline exactly; builder context Consolidated Steel, Orange, Texas.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945 (edition date 1945-04-01)
- Limitations
- Official Navy publication mirrored on shipscribe.com (private mirror). Confirms dates only - the entry carries no asbestos, material, or crew-specific detail beyond the shared class table.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-991-02
-
[4]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. II (1 April 1945 edition), official design table for LCI(L) 351-1098 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Ships' Data Vol. II, LCI(L) design/characteristics table covering LCI(L) 351-1098; machinery line 'G. M. Diesel 6051 series 71 ... 2,320'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official design data for the LCI(L) 351-1098 group covering this hull: 159 ft overall, 23 ft 8 in extreme beam, 381 tons limiting displacement, five 20-mm AA guns, General Motors Diesel 6051 series 71 engines, 2,320 shaft horsepower, two shafts, diesel-driven ship-service generators - a diesel-electric-mechanical landing craft with no boilers or steam plant. Complement in the class table: 5 officers, 27 enlisted.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945 (edition date 1945-04-01)
- Limitations
- Class design table applies to hulls 351-1098 as built to the design - individual hulls could deviate, and the complement figure conflicts with NavSource's 4/24 (see gaps). Design data describes machinery, not materials: it contains no asbestos statement.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-991-03
-
[5]NHHC / Navy Department Library, 'United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945' (transcription also mirrored at HyperWar/ibiblio.org) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Page text, 'LCI FLOTILLA 16' > 'LCI GROUP 46' > 'LCI DIVISION 92' table, row 'LCI 991, Lt. (jg) P. H. Ivey (USNR)'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official fleet organization document dated 1 May 1945 places LCI 991 under Landing Craft Flotillas, Pacific Fleet > LCI Flotilla Sixteen > LCI Group 46 > LCI Division 92, with commanding officer Lt. (jg) P. H. Ivey (USNR); parent formation Amphibious Forces, Pacific Fleet (V. Adm. R. K. Turner).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-05-01
- Limitations
- A one-day administrative snapshot. It does not show the operational (task-organization) chain - the ship's own war diaries show her reporting under Flotilla 13 / Group 37 / Division 73 by July-August 1945, and the Group 46 diaries explain the split (see ev-uss-lci-l-991-06/-07/-08). Officer initials conflict with the war-diary signature 'R. H. Ivey' (see gaps). Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-991-04
-
[6]NARA, LCI(L)-991 ship's War Diary, August 1945 (NAID 77504643, digitized microfilm A_1886 images 0642-0645); companion July 1945 diary NAID 101772253 (A_1787 images 0472-0474) - scans read [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA catalog NAID 77504643, digital objects A_1886/0642-0645 (Aug 1945); NAID 101772253, A_1787/0472-0474 (Jul 1945)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The ship's own war diaries - primary records read from digitized scans - give her reporting header as Task Unit 94.6.1, Division 73, Group 37, Flotilla 13. August 1945: anchored on picket stations west of Eil Malk Island, Palau Islands, maintaining constant watch for enemy activity with an armed watch of six men and periodic searchlight sweeps; no enemy activity noted; recreation at Lower Schonian Harbor 5-7 August; provisioned at Orange Beach, Peleliu 10 August. July 1945: picket stations south of Urukthapel Island; 1 July fired harassing 20mm fire at two enemy personnel sighted on Eil Malk Island; 5 July fired 60mm mortar at observed smoke. Cover letter (serial 82, 3 September 1945) signed by commanding officer R. H. Ivey.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-07-01 to 1945-09-03
- Population
- Ship's crew (4 officers, ~24-28 enlisted per class data)
- Limitations
- Primary digitized scans read directly; position and activity detail is for July-August 1945 only - earlier months are covered by other diaries not individually read (see archival_lead row). CO signature 'R. H. Ivey' conflicts with the NHHC organization document's 'P. H. Ivey' and NavSource's 'Ivy' spelling (see gaps). Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-991-05
-
[7]NARA, COM LCI(L) Group 46 War Diary, 1 Jan-31 Mar 1945 (NAID 139995185) and April 1945 (NAID 139995194), digitized microfilm export_WWII_WarDiaries_1583 images 0523-0530 and 0533-0534 - scans read [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA catalog NAID 139995185 (Jan-Mar 1945, images 0523-0530) and NAID 139995194 (Apr 1945, images 0533-0534), organization/narrative pages
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Group 46 command war diaries list LCI(L) 991 in LCI Division 92 (with LCI(L) 973, LCI(X) 989, LCI(X) 990, LCI(L) 1066, LCI(L) 1067) under the group's administrative command (Lt. Cmdr. A. F. Eckelmeyer, USNR). Both the January-March and April 1945 diaries state that the group's LCI(L)s 'were under the operational command of Commander, LCI(L) Flotilla THIRTEEN' while the group's own rocket division operated forward (Okinawa in April).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-01-01 to 1945-04-30
- Limitations
- Explains why the NHHC order-of-battle document and NavSource show different chains: administrative (Flot 16/Grp 46/Div 92) versus operational (Flot 13). The diaries do not state LCI-991's physical location for January-April 1945 (see gaps). Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-991-06
-
[8]NARA, COM LCI(L) Group 37 War Diary, June 1945 (NAID 77462711, RG 38, digitized microfilm A_1730 images 0129-0133) - scans read [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA catalog NAID 77462711, digital object A_1730/0130 (1 June 1945 constitution and disposition entry)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Group 37's own war diary records its constitution on 1 June 1945 under Commander LCI(L) Flotilla Thirteen (Lt. Cdr. Philip W. Howard, USNR, commanding the group): Division 73 comprised LCI(L) 678, 973, 991, 1020, 1066, 1067 and Division 74 comprised LCI(L) 550, 731, 732 (GF), 734, 735, 736. The diary states all ships except 678 and 1020 (whereabouts unknown to this command) were operating in the Palau Islands Area under the overall command of Commander Western Carolines Sub Area (CTG 94.5), per ComWestCarSubArea Op Order 00747 of 5 June 1945 and ComLCI(L) Flot 13 (94.5.7) Picket Instructions serial 0049 of 23 January 1945.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-06
- Limitations
- Primary command record read from digitized scans. Documents the operational organization and the picket-instruction framework, not the administrative parent (Flotilla 16). Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-991-07
-
[9]Cross-source reconciliation: NavSource assignment line vs NHHC Pacific Fleet Organization (1 May 1945) vs NARA Group 46/Group 37/ship war diaries [other_primary]
- Locator
- ev-01 NavSource line; ev-04 NHHC OOB; ev-05 ship diaries; ev-06 NAID 139995185/139995194; ev-07 NAID 77462711
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION/RECONCILIATION: NavSource displays 'LCI Flotilla Thirteen / LCI Group Thirty-Seven / LCI Division Seventy-Three' as the WWII assignment, while the official NHHC fleet-organization document of 1 May 1945 places LCI 991 under Flotilla Sixteen / Group 46 / Division 92. The NARA primary records reconcile rather than refute either: the Group 46 diaries show Division 92 (including 991) administratively under Flotilla 16/Group 46 while 'under the operational command of Commander, LCI(L) Flotilla THIRTEEN'; Group 37 was constituted 1 June 1945 under Flotilla 13 with 991 in Division 73; and the ship's own July-August 1945 war diaries carry the Flotilla 13 / Group 37 / Division 73 header. NavSource's line is the ship's operational chain from June 1945; the NHHC document is the administrative chain as of 1 May 1945.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-01 to 1945-08
- Limitations
- The reconciliation is supported by digitized primary records, but NavSource's own sourcing for the assignment line is undocumented, and the changeover date from Group 39 to Group 37 operational control is only bracketed (before 1 June 1945, per picket instructions dated 23 January 1945 naming the Flot-13 task element).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-991-08
-
[10]NHHC / Navy Department Library, Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual (1953 revision), Part IV, Section 18, 'Navy Occupation Service Medal and China Service (Extended)', ships eligibility table [other_primary]
- Locator
- Section 18, ships table, row 'LCI (L) 991' (columns: Name of ship / Occupation service / Clasp / China Service / Dual eligibility)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Secretary of the Navy's official eligibility table lists 'LCI (L) 991' with a China Service (extended) period of 28 September - 16 December 1945; the hull's row shows no Navy Occupation Service Medal period and no dual-eligibility entry. This independently corroborates NavSource's displayed China-service dates - while NavSource also displays a Navy Occupation Service Medal ribbon for the same period, the official table's row for this hull lists China Service only. The hull does not appear in the manual's operation/engagement credit table - no credited battle stars.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-09-28 to 1945-12-16
- Population
- Crew attached during 28 Sep - 16 Dec 1945 (medal eligibility only)
- Limitations
- Unit-level eligibility only: the manual states individual eligibility required attachment to and service with a credited organization during the credited period - it does not establish that any individual crew member received the medal. Absence from the engagement table means no credited operation stars in this 1953 edition, not a statement that no hostile contact occurred (the war diary records firing on enemy personnel in July 1945).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-991-09
-
[11]NARA, LCI(L) 991 Muster Rolls (NAID 120189477), 105 digitized images, roll coverage annotated 'Comm. 5-25-44 to 3-31-46' [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA catalog NAID 120189477, digital object series 32860_244733
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- A complete digitized muster-roll set for this hull exists at NARA: 105 image objects covering the ship's commissioning (25 May 1944) through 31 March 1946 per the catalog annotation - documenting the ship in commission at least through early 1946 and providing the crew-roster source for any future personnel-level exposure research.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- All hands mustered 1944-05-25 to 1946-03-31
- Limitations
- Catalog record and coverage annotation verified; individual muster pages were not exhaustively read this session. Roll coverage ending 31 March 1946 brackets but does not state the decommissioning date. Personnel lists do not themselves document asbestos exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-991-10
-
[12]Shipbuildinghistory.com, Consolidated Steel Corp., Orange TX yard production list [other_primary]
- Locator
- Consolidated Steel Orange yard table, LCI(L) section, row 1285 / hull 991
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Secondary industry-history compilation corroborates the build record: Consolidated Steel Orange yard hull 1285, U.S. Navy LCI(L) hull 991, 260 tons, contract date 10 December 1943, delivered May 1944, disposition 'Struck 1946'.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation without cited primary documentation - used for contract/yard-number cross-check only. 'Struck 1946' conflicts with nothing official but is itself unverified against a register (NVR does not cover LCIs); NavSource lists the struck date as unknown.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-991-11
-
[13]Era-typical asbestos applications for a 1944 diesel-powered landing craft (inference layer - no hull-specific source) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Derived from ev-01 specifications (diesel plant) and ev-03 official design table; applications list is era-typical, not hull-documented
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-electric-mechanical landing craft mass-produced in 1944 at a wartime yard sits inside the era when the U.S. maritime industry used asbestos insulation and friction/gasket materials routinely. Era-typical applications aboard the type: engine-exhaust lagging, machinery gaskets and valve/flange packing, electrical insulation and cableboard, thermal insulation in accommodation and galley spaces, and brake linings on winches/windlass. The class has no steam plant - no boiler or steam-line lagging system. NavSource's documented '2-inch plastic splinter protection' armor is a phenolic-type material, not asbestos.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946 (service period); era framing WWII
- Population
- Ship's company (~28-32) plus embarked troops (up to 188) during operations
- Limitations
- INFERENCE ONLY - no document names this hull for any asbestos material, and small diesel landing craft plausibly carried less asbestos than steam vessels of the era; neither direction is ship-proven. This row exists to bound the exposure question, not to assert installed ACM.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-991-12
-
[14]Jemal A, Grauman D, Devesa S. 'Recent geographic patterns of lung cancer and mesothelioma mortality rates in 49 shipyard counties in the United States, 1970-94.' Am J Ind Med. 2000 May;37(5):512-521 (NCI, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics) [other_primary]
- Locator
- PubMed abstract, PMID 10723045; DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(200005)37:5<512::AID-AJIM7>3.0.CO;2-M
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- Federal epidemiological context for WWII shipbuilding exposure: NCI found lung-cancer and pleural-mesothelioma mortality rates significantly higher in U.S. counties with World War II shipbuilding industries than in comparison counties through 1970-94, with risk associated with asbestos exposure in shipbuilding. General context for the era and industry in which this hull was built and crewed - the study does not name Orange County, Texas, Consolidated Steel, or this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1970-1994 mortality; exposure window WWII-era shipbuilding
- Population
- Residents of 49 U.S. WWII shipyard counties (aggregate)
- Limitations
- County-level ecological study, not vessel documentation: establishes industry-era risk patterns only. It does not name the builder's county or this hull, and cannot support any ship-specific claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-991-13
-
[15]Batch-5639 search ledger (this record): NavSource hull page; BuShips Ships' Data 1945; NHHC Pacific Fleet Organization 1 May 1945; NHHC awards manual Section 18; NARA catalog (ship diaries, muster rolls, command diaries); shipbuildinghistory.com; usslci.org; PubMed; secondary web sweep; CourtListener (blocked) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-991-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-991-15
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, product identification, or docketed case naming LCI(L)-991 was found in the sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener could not be searched this session (fleet pacing block on every attempt) - the litigation row is logged as blocked, not as a negative result.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the hull was built and crewed in the peak naval-asbestos era and served through the occupation period. Does not establish that asbestos is or is not present aboard; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility. Litigation coverage incomplete pending an unblocked CourtListener pass.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-991-14