Evidence
15 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-15).
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[1]research packet 491-packet.md (1 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS LCI(L)-993 — listed as a commissioned US Navy hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-993-lcil993-pkt-491-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-993 page (history compiled from USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry', Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource archive page 10/15/150993 (ship entry, campaign table, ribbons block, specifications block)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity, construction, and wartime record for this hull: laid down 6 April 1944 at Consolidated Steel Corp., Shipbuilding Div., Orange, TX; launched 29 April 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-993 on 27 May 1944. Assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater; credited campaign: Okinawa Gunto operation - assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto, 17-22 May 1945 and 30 May-30 June 1945 (one battle star for WWII service). Post-war: occupation service in the Far East 7 October - 15 November 1945; decommissioned, date unknown; struck from the Naval Register, date unknown; transferred to the Maritime Commission 19 March 1948; final disposition fate unknown. Awards block: American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (1 star), World War II Victory Medal, Navy Occupation Medal (Asia clasp). Radio call sign NZBW. Page notes no images of the hull are held.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- Crew (LCI(L) fit: 4 officers, 24 enlisted) and embarked troops as configured (up to 6 officers, 182 enlisted), 1944-1945; reduced cargo-role complement in LCI(X) service unverified
- Limitations
- NavSource is a compiled secondary reference (transcribing Turner Publishing's USS LCI volume and Navy records), not a contemporaneous log or action report; campaign credits are official-list summaries; decommissioning and striking dates are not given. The page does not mention the LCI(X) express conversion - that program is documented in other rows. Contains no asbestos information whatsoever.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-993-lcil993-01
-
[3]Naval History and Heritage Command, United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945 (contemporaneous fleet organization listing) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Pacific Fleet Organization 1 May 1945, SERVICE SQUADRON EIGHT section, row 'LCI(L) 993 ..........'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Navy's own fleet-organization list of 1 May 1945 places 'LCI(L) 993' in Service Squadron Eight (Commander Service Squadron Eight: Commodore A. H. Gray), listed among the squadron's miscellaneous craft following the IX stores barges - alongside LCI(L) 629, 639, 640, 761, 784, 787, 811, 989, 990, 992, and 997, the twelve LCI(X) express craft. The entry prints no commanding officer for this hull ('..........'), unlike most of her sisters.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-05-01
- Population
- Crew, May 1945
- Limitations
- A point-in-time administrative listing (1 May 1945); it confirms unit assignment on that date, not before or after, and lists the hull as LCI(L) though the craft was already functioning in the LCI(X) express role (see ev-03). No asbestos, material, or condition information. The document is a scanned/contemporaneous Navy record hosted by NHHC; no individual DANFS entry exists for this numbered craft (verified 2026-09-30, candidate URLs 404).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-993-lcil993-02
-
[4]Elsie Item No. 96 (March 2017), USS LCI National Association newsletter: David McKay (AFMM Historian), 'The UPS of the Pacific: A Brief History of the LCI (X) Express' (citing NARA RG 19 Box 296 Correspondence S/19; RG 38 war diaries; NHHC Pacific Fleet Organization May 1945; Carter, Beans Bullets and Black Oil) [museum_official]
- Locator
- Elsie Item 96 pp. 3-5, 'The UPS of the Pacific' article including the twelve-ship ServRon 8 roster and the LCI-993 war-diary summary; footnotes 2, 4, 5, 6 (NARA RG 19 Box 296 S/19; RG 38 Flotilla 13 and LCI 993 war diaries, Boxes 1061)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Documents the LCI(X) express-cargo conversion program and this hull's role in it. Program: in December 1944 the Navy instructed conversion of nine LCIs (eventual total twelve) to carry cargo - troop compartments #1 and #2 stripped of bunks, two large cargo hatches cut between frames 16 and 36 on the well deck, a derrick boom fitted, well-deck wings cut back; the craft were assigned operationally to the Service Force, Pacific Fleet, with transfer complete by end of May 1945; eleven of the twelve were administratively from LCI Flotilla Sixteen (Comdr. Clarence Coffin USN). Ship-specific for this hull: the May 1945 roster gives her CO as Ens. W. R. Thompson; her war diary (NARA RG 38 Box 1061, March-May 1945) shows 1-18 March 1945 transferring supplies between ships at Ulithi; departing 20 March with supplies and equipment for LCI Flotilla Thirteen and the Palau blockading force; returning to Ulithi by month's end delayed by a typhoon; April Ulithi-Guam shuttle runs including equipment to the landing-craft spare-parts barge USS Corundum (IX-164, spelled 'Corrundum' in the newsletter; the NHHC fleet list prints IX 164 CORUNDUM); ordered to Okinawa with supplies in early May; end of May loading at the Guam Naval Supply Depot for another Okinawa run. LCI-629 operated in tandem with LCI-993 at Ulithi.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-12 to 1945-08
- Population
- Crew of LCI(X)-993 (CO Ens. W. R. Thompson), March-May 1945; conversion-yard workforce (location not stated for this hull)
- Limitations
- Association-historian publication, not an official record - but it cites and quotes the underlying NARA records (RG 19 Box 296 conversion correspondence; RG 38 Box 1061 war diaries) and the official fleet-organization document, whose ServRon 8 roster this record independently verified. The war-diary itinerary is reported at second hand; the diary itself was not opened. The CO name 'Ens. W. R. Thompson' appears in the newsletter's roster reproduction; the NHHC scan prints that field blank. No asbestos information. The (X) suffix marks the express role; no formal BuShips redesignation order for this hull was located.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-993-lcil993-03
-
[5]DANFS, William C. Cole (DE-641) - service narrative naming LCI-993 [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS William C. Cole (DE-641) service narrative, June 1945 passage
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official DANFS history of USS William C. Cole (DE-641) records that on 25 June 1945 the destroyer escort shifted to Kerama Retto 'where she rendezvoused with Curtiss (AV-4), two ATA's (124 and 125), and LCI-993 to join Witter (DE-636) and Forrest (DMS-24) in escorting those ships to Saipan, where they arrived on 30 June' - placing this hull in a Saipan-bound convoy escort group from the Okinawa area, within her credited Okinawa Gunto campaign window (through 30 June 1945).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-06-24 to 1945-06-30
- Population
- Crew, June 1945
- Limitations
- A cross-mention in another vessel's DANFS entry - confirms this hull's presence at Kerama Retto on 25 June 1945 and arrival at Saipan 30 June 1945, nothing more. No asbestos, material, or condition information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-993-lcil993-04
-
[6]National Archives and Records Administration, Special List 44: List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (by ship number) [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, PDF p.20, row 'LCI(L)(X)-993 | 5/27/1944 | 6/30/1945' (verified by pdftotext -layout extraction of the live NARA PDF, 2026-09-30)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's Special List 44 inventory (by ship number, PDF p.20) lists Navy deck logs for 'LCI(L)(X)-993' covering 27 May 1944 through 30 June 1945 - coverage beginning on her commissioning date and spanning her entire combat/express career including the Okinawa runs. The compound 'LCI(L)(X)' filing confirms the hull operated under the LCI(X) express designation as well as LCI(L). These are the primary daily records of this hull's service, held in Record Group 24.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945 (log coverage)
- Limitations
- The entry is an inventory record only - it establishes that NARA holds logbooks for this hull for the stated span, not their contents; the deck logs were not opened for this record. Logs after 30 June 1945 (through the 1948 MARCOM transfer) are outside this inventory listing. No asbestos or condition information is contained in the listing.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-993-lcil993-05
-
[7]Typhoon Louise (9 October 1945, Okinawa) ship-damage list - transcription of Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas Report, Serial 0395 of 11 February 1946, World War II Command File, Operational Archives Branch, Naval Historical Center [other_primary]
- Locator
- rpadden.com/216dispatch/typhoon.htm, LCI section, entry 'LCI 993 | Damaged - extent unknown'; source line: CincPac POA Report Serial 0395 of 11 February 1946
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official post-storm damage accounting lists 'LCI 993 - Damaged - extent unknown' among the vessels caught at Okinawa by Typhoon Louise on 9 October 1945 - placing this hull at Okinawa two days into her documented occupation-service window (7 October - 15 November 1945) and showing she sustained damage of unstated extent. (The same list separately records 'LCI 992 - Refloated 10/30/45' and 'YF 993 - Grounded' - a different hull sharing the numeral.)
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-10-09
- Population
- Crew, October 1945
- Limitations
- Secondary transcription of an official CincPac report hosted on a private researcher page (rpadden.com); the underlying report serial is identified, and the same list circulates via the USS YMS-425 association site (Wayback), but the archival original was not pulled for this record - verification_status partial on provenance. 'Damaged - extent unknown' does not state grounding, repair scope, or yard work. No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-993-lcil993-06
-
[8]Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, 13 February 1946 - navy-miscellaneous item pairing 'LCI's 993 and 997' under a San Diego dateline (Library of Virginia Virginia Chronicle OCR) [reputable_press]
- Locator
- Virginia Chronicle, NVP19460213.1.7 (OCR snippet via search index; full text not retrievable 2026-09-30)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- A contemporaneous newspaper item (Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, 13 February 1946) pairs 'LCI's 993 and 997' in a brief headed with a San Diego dateline - consistent with this hull's stateside return in early 1946 alongside her sister LCI(X) craft.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1946-02-13
- Population
- Crew, early 1946
- Limitations
- Weak lead only: the item text was retrieved only as a search-result OCR snippet; the full article page is JS-rendered and returned 403 to direct fetch this session, so the snippet's context (arrival, departure, or personnel list) is unconfirmed. Not an exposure or condition record.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-993-lcil993-07
-
[9]Library of Virginia / FromThePage, WWII Separation Notices: Navy - NAVPERS-553 notice of separation for Roy Swanson Boardwine, BM2c USNR (serial 858 34 36), honorable separation at USNPSC Shelton, VA [other_primary]
- Locator
- FromThePage work 1140040_003_038_001, transcribed 'Service Vessels and Stations' field listing 'USS LCI(L) 993'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A digitized official Navy separation notice records a named crew member of this hull: Boatswain's Mate 2nd Class Roy S. Boardwine, USNR (b. 12 April 1919, Russell Co., VA; enlisted 7 June 1942), whose 'Service Vessels and Stations' list includes NTS NOB Norfolk, Amphibious Training Base Little Creek, USS Florence Nightingale (Solomons MD), USS Mamul (AD-20), USS LCI(L) 354, USS Consolation (APH 1150 as transcribed), and USS LCI(L) 993. Medal block lists American Area, World War II Victory, Asiatic-Pacific.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1946 (service span); aboard date unverified
- Population
- Individual crew member (Boardwine), 1940s
- Limitations
- Primary personnel document transcribed on the FromThePage crowdsourcing platform (Library of Virginia collection); establishes that a named individual served aboard this hull at an unstated date - not when, not in what capacity beyond his rating, and not an exposure record. Direct fetch blocked (HTTP 403); content verified via Firecrawl extraction 2026-09-30. No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-993-lcil993-08
-
[10]uboat.net Allied Warships, USS LCI(L)-993 (ship/22058) - builder and milestone corroboration [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship/22058 specification table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Corroborates the build record: LCI 351 class, built by Consolidated Steel Corp., Ltd. (Orange, Texas); laid down 6 April 1944; launched 29 April 1944; commissioned 27 May 1944. No commands or events are listed for this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled secondary database; values track the same secondary sources as NavSource. Adds no service or material detail beyond corroboration. No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-993-lcil993-09
-
[11]Shipbuilding History (Colton) LCI(L) production table - LCI(L)-993 row [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.njscuba.net/us-navy-small/lcil/ table row LCI(L)-993 (verified live 2026-09-30)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The production table carries 'LCI(L)-993 | Consol. Steel | Orange TX | 27 May 1944 | to NDRF 1948' - corroborating builder and commissioning date, and giving the disposal path as National Defense Reserve Fleet in 1948 (consistent with the 19 March 1948 Maritime Commission transfer in NavSource).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Limitations
- Secondary production table (Colton data); its date column mixes launch/commissioning dates by row - for this hull it carries the 27 May 1944 commissioning date. 'to NDRF 1948' and the NavSource MARCOM transfer date are consistent but the reserve-fleet layberth location and final buyer are not given. No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-993-lcil993-10
-
[12]Library of Congress, Historic American Engineering Record HAER AK-52, M/V Husky II (USS LCI(L) 653) - LCI(L) 351-class written history and documentation [haer]
- Locator
- HAER AK-52 written history, 'LCIs in World War II' section and principal-dimensions/propulsion block; NavSource specifications block for this hull's engine fit
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- LCI(L)s were diesel-powered beaching craft of a utilitarian wartime Bureau of Ships design (designed May 1942; over 900 built by ten yards; ~158 ft, twin-screw). This hull's propulsion was two sets of four General Motors 6051-series 71 diesel engines, four per shaft, 2,320 shp (NavSource specification block) - an all-diesel plant with no boilers or steam system, so the asbestos-relevant applications aboard are the era-standard diesel-craft items: engine exhaust and muffler lagging, thermal/acoustic insulation in the engine room and accommodations, gaskets, valve packing, and electrical insulation.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- Construction trades (Orange TX, 1944); wartime crew in confined engine-room and accommodation spaces; conversion-yard workforce (unlocated)
- Limitations
- Class/design inference only - HAER AK-52 documents a sister 351-class craft (LCI(L) 653) and the LCI(L) design generally; it does not name this hull and does not itself assert asbestos content. No ship-specific material list exists for this hull; asbestos presence aboard is era- and design-level inference, not ship-proven. Does not establish quantity, products installed, or present-day presence (hull fate unknown since 1948). The LCI(X) conversion work for this hull is documented only at program level - no conversion work package located.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-993-lcil993-11
-
[13]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2, Highlights text
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reviewed the Navy's efforts to protect workers from asbestos exposure at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards, covering use of asbestos in Navy ships, removal costs, and disability compensation; it records the Navy's 1975 policy of removing/replacing asbestos insulation only when damaged or required for repairs, modified in 1979 to selective replacement in high-maintenance areas - Navy-wide confirmation that asbestos insulation was standard aboard Navy ships of this era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull or this craft type (HRD-80-2 fieldwork concerned large Navy shipyards, and the report does not discuss landing craft). Product page retrieved via Firecrawl 2026-09-30 (gao.gov blocks direct automated fetch, HTTP 403); full 26-page PDF not reviewed for this record.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-993-lcil993-12
-
[14]Owens-Illinois, Inc. supplemental answers to second interrogatories, Heathman v. Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp. et al., No. 87-C-1934 (Dist. Ct. Brazoria County, Tex.) - defendant's inventory of wartime shipyard industrial-health documents (mirrored via ToxicDocs document archive) [other_primary]
- Locator
- ToxicDocs document 4ayjMMY2q6pqomB4eDk5Nq9op, interrogatory A.9 document list, items 3-24 (verified via Firecrawl extraction 2026-09-30)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A defendant's interrogatory answer filed in asbestos litigation inventories wartime government industrial-health surveys of shipyards, including surveys at four other LCI(L) builders - Albina Engine and Machine Works (re-survey March 1945), Commercial Iron Works (re-survey March 1945), Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock, Kearny (August-September 1944), and Walsh-Kaiser, Providence (re-survey June 1945) - plus Defoe Shipbuilding (Bay City) and Gulf Shipbuilding (Chickasaw). No survey of Consolidated Steel Corp., Orange, TX - this hull's builder - appears in the inventory.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1945 (surveys); 1990 (filing)
- Population
- LCI-builder yard workforces, 1942-1945 survey period
- Limitations
- The cited item is a defendant's litigation exhibit list, not the surveys - it attests that such government surveys exist in the documentary record for sister LCI builders, not what they found; and its list is not proven complete, so absence of a Consolidated Steel Orange entry is not proof none was conducted. Discovery-stage material filed by a defendant; classified as an archival lead. No hull is named.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-993-lcil993-13
-
[15]Batch-5641 search ledger (this record): NavSource hull page; NHHC Pacific Fleet Organization 1 May 1945; NHHC awards manual; NHHC DANFS index + William C. Cole cross-mention; NARA Special List 44; uboat.net; Colton production table; USS LCI National Association Elsie Item 96; CincPac Typhoon Louise damage-list transcription; Library of Virginia separation notice; ToxicDocs litigation archive; CourtListener API v4 (partially blocked by fleet pacing); banned-source web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-993-lcil993-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-993-lcil993-16
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, museum record, or docketed asbestos case naming LCI-993 / LCI(L)-993 / LCI(X)-993 was found in the sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener opinion searches for 'LCI(L)-993' and 'LCI-993' each returned count 0; the remaining opinion and RECAP docket-index queries were blocked by fleet-wide API pacing - logged as blocked in the ledger, not treated as a negative result. A live-web sweep for asbestos/mesothelioma claims naming this hull returned no results - unusually, not even law-firm listicle claims. No individual DANFS entry exists for this numbered landing craft.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - as a 1944 combat-built Navy craft the hull sits inside the documented Navy asbestos era. Does not establish that asbestos is or is not present, and does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility. CourtListener opinion coverage is partial (two designation queries verified-nil; 'LCI 993' + asbestos, 'LCI(X)-993', class-level 'LCI' + asbestos, and all RECAP docket queries unexecuted due to shared-quota pacing), so pleading-stage cases or name collisions are not ruled out. The vessel was transferred to the Maritime Commission in 1948 with fate unknown, so no modern survey can exist unless the hull is identified.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-993-lcil993-14