Evidence
7 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-7).
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[1]research packet 491-packet.md (1 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS LCI(L)-994 — listed as a commissioned US Navy hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-994-lcil994-pkt-491-packet-md
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[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LC(FF)-994 ex USS LCI(L)-994, page 10/15/150994 (verified live 2026-09-30; history credited on page to USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry,' Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150994.htm: designation/history block, campaign table, awards block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource documents this hull as an LCI-351 Class Landing Craft Infantry (Large): laid down 12 April 1944 at Consolidated Steel Corporation, Shipbuilding Division, Orange, TX; launched 4 May 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-994 on 27 May 1944 with LT. M. H. Vereeke, USNR, as first commanding officer; redesignated Landing Craft Flotilla Flagship LC(FF)-994 on 31 December 1944; assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater with LC(FF) Flotilla Twenty Three, LC(FF) Group Sixty-Nine, and LC(FF) Division One Hundred Thirty-Eight; served in the Iwo Jima operation (assault and occupation, 19-26 February 1945) and the Okinawa Gunto operation (assault and occupation, 1 April-30 June 1945); assigned to occupation service in the Far East for the periods 11 September-14 December 1945 and 29 December 1945-10 April 1946; decommissioned in March 1946 and laid up in the Reserve Fleet berthed in the Columbia River Group; struck from the Naval Register on an unknown date; final disposition unknown. The page reports two World War II battle stars.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- U.S. Navy crew and embarked personnel, 1944-1946
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, although the page identifies its history source. It does not provide a primary decommissioning date, strike date, complete deck-log history, or asbestos documentation. The page's March 1946 decommissioning sits in unresolved tension with its own occupation-service period ending 10 April 1946. Campaign and award statements are carried as reported on the page and are not independently upgraded here.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-994-01
-
[3]National Archives, Special List #44, by Ship Numbers (PDF), LCI(L)(FF)-994 entry, verified live 2026-09-30 [other_primary]
- Locator
- PDF p. 16, LCI(L)(FF)-994 row
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The National Archives ship-number list includes LCI(L)(FF)-994 with an operating period of 29 May 1944 through 31 December 1945.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-05-29 through 1945-12-31
- Population
- U.S. Navy vessel logbook coverage
- Limitations
- The list is an archival finding aid for logbooks, not a complete service history and not an asbestos survey. Its 29 May 1944 start date is not the commissioning date; NavSource reports commissioning on 27 May 1944. The list does not establish what records survive or what they contain.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-994-02
-
[4]HyperWar/ibiblio transcription, U.S. Navy Landing Ships/Craft 1940-1945, LC(FF) section listing, verified live 2026-09-30 [other_primary]
- Locator
- HyperWar ships-lc.html, LC(FF) -- Landing Craft, Flotilla Flagships table, LC(FF)-994-995 row
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The U.S. Navy landing ships/craft 1940-1945 listing includes LC(FF)-994-995 among Landing Craft, Flotilla Flagships with service dates of 1943-44, corroborating the same-hull LC(FF)-994 flotilla-flagship designation reported by NavSource.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1944
- Population
- U.S. Navy landing craft, 1940-1945
- Limitations
- Table listing only; it provides no detail beyond the hull range and a 1943-44 period column, and it does not address construction, asbestos, or disposition. It corroborates the designation, not any exposure condition.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-994-03
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[5]NavSource Online, USS LC(FF)-994 ex USS LCI(L)-994 specification block, verified live 2026-09-30 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150994.htm, Specifications: Propulsion
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The hull-specific specification block describes propulsion as two sets of four General Motors 6051 Series 71 diesel engines, four engines per shaft, with single General Motors main reduction gears, two diesel-drive 30 kW 120 V DC ship-service generators, twin variable-pitch propellers, and 2,320 shaft horsepower. The source therefore documents diesel propulsion and does not describe a boiler or steam-turbine plant.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- LCI(L)-994/LC(FF)-994 machinery spaces and engineering crew
- Limitations
- This is propulsion context, not evidence that asbestos was present or absent. Diesel propulsion does not establish the material content of engine, exhaust, gasket, packing, electrical, or other systems; no product is attributed to this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-994-04
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[6]U.S. Government Accountability Office, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (1979), product page via Wayback capture 2025-02-10; archived citation used because automated access to the live GAO page was blocked [gao]
- Locator
- Archived GAO product page, Highlights section
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reported that the Navy's 1975 policy removed and replaced with nonasbestos materials only insulation that was damaged or had to be removed for necessary repairs, and that the policy was modified in 1979 to include selective replacement in high-maintenance areas. GAO's review concerned Navy ship asbestos policy and shipyard worker protection at the Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards generally.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1975-1979 policy period; report published 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers and Navy ship asbestos-management program
- Limitations
- Program-level and yard-level context only; GAO does not name LCI(L)-994 or LC(FF)-994 and does not establish what materials were installed on, removed from, or retained aboard this hull. The cited URL is an archived copy, not a live GAO page.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-994-05
-
[7]Batch-5642 research ledger: NavSource hull page; National Archives Special List #44; NHHC/DANFS; Naval Vessel Register; NARA catalog; Firecrawl search/scrape; authenticated CourtListener searches [other_primary]
- Locator
- Search ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-994-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-994-13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located for USS LCI(L)-994 / LC(FF)-994 / LCI-994: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or qualifying adjudicated asbestos case was located in the sources searched. Authenticated CourtListener opinion searches for "USS LCI(L)-994," "LCI(L)-994," and "LCI-994" each returned zero results. This is a negative finding about the public record located, not a finding that asbestos was absent from the hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30 research sweep
- Limitations
- CourtListener opinion coverage is partial: three authenticated queries returned verified zero results, while the LC(FF) designation variants ("LC(FF)-994," "LCFF-994") remained blocked by the fleet-wide pacing limiter and are logged as blocked, not as negative results. NARA catalog file-unit retrieval could not be completed because the catalog search API returned only the application shell. Absence of a located record does not establish absence of asbestos, exposure, causation, or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-994-06