Evidence
8 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-8).
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[1]research packet 492-packet.md (3 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lcs-l-3-1-lcsl31-pkt-492-packet-md
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[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSSL-1 ex USS LCS(L)(3)-1 - chronology, specification block, awards, CO list, and photo captions [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource page 10/05/050001, header chronology, Specifications block, awards bar, Commanding Officers table, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Laid down 28 April 1944 at George Lawley & Sons Corp., Neponset, MA; launched 15 May 1944; commissioned USS LCS(L)(3)-1, 20 June 1944, LT. Townsend, W. K. in command. 'During World War II USS LCS(L)(3)-1 served as a stateside training vessel.' Decommissioned, date unknown; redesignated Landing Ship Support Large LSSL-1, 28 February 1949; struck from the Naval Register, date unknown; final disposition - sold for scrapping to Northern Metal Company, Philadelphia, PA, 21 November 1950 for $8,353. Awards shown: American Campaign Medal and World War II Victory Medal only (consistent with stateside service). CO list: LT W. K. Townsend (20 June 1944-?), LTjg. L. H. Bishkin, LTjg. L. T. Kermon. Photographs document her under way off the eastern seaboard during a training exercise (US Navy photo now in the collections of the US National Archives) and on a training cruise in Chesapeake Bay. Spec block: 250 t light / 387 t full; 158 ft o.a.; beam 23 ft 8 in; trial speed 14.4 kt, 16.5 kt max at 650 shaft rpm; 2 quad packs of 4 GM '6051 series 71' diesels per shaft, 1,600 bhp, single GM main reduction gears, 2 diesel-drive 60 kW 450V AC ship's-service generators, twin variable-pitch propellers; armament 1x 3"/50 DP bow gun, 2 twin 40mm, 4 single 20mm, 4 .50 cal MG, 10 Mk7 rocket launchers; complement 6 officers, 65 enlisted. Spec sources cited: Ships' Data U.S. Naval Vessels NavShips 250-012 (15 Apr 1945); Baker, Allied Landing Craft of World War II; Lawley's Instructions and Original Plans for the LCS(L)(3) class.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1950
- Population
- Ship's company (6 officers / 65 enlisted spec); stateside training population; Northern Metal scrapping workers (1950)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer-compiled archival page quoting Navy sources and named class references - consistent with the primary BuShips Ships' Data table where they overlap. Contains no asbestos, insulation, or hazardous-material information. Decommissioning and strike dates are unknown and lay-up location is unstated; no scrapping work record exists. The spec source line 'NavShips 250-012' appears to cite the wrong volume number - landing craft are in Vol. II (250-011); noted in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-1-lcsl31-01
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[3]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. II - Mine Vessels, Patrol Vessels, Landing Ships and Craft, NAVSHIPS 250-011 (15 April 1945), pp. 218-219 (ShipScribe scan of the official BuShips publication) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAVSHIPS 250-011 (Ships' Data Vol. II), pp. 218-219 - LCS(L)(3) class characteristics table and per-vessel build table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Primary BuShips publication (effective April 1945, while this hull was in commission) confirming the per-vessel build line: 'LCS(L)(3) 1 - George Lawley & Sons Corp., Neponset, Mass. - keel laid 28 Apr 44 - launched 15 May 44 - first commission 20 Jun 44,' matching NavSource exactly. The class characteristics table covers LCS(L)(3) 1-130 together: length 158 ft overall / 153 ft waterline; extreme beam 23 ft 8 in; full-load displacement 387 t; limiting and navigational draft 5 ft 8 in; trial speed 14.4 kt (estimate based on Model Basin test); 2 propellers; type of engines 'G. M. Diesel 6051 series 71,' 1,320 shaft horsepower; single GM main reduction gears; ship's-service generators 2, diesel drive, 60 kW, 450V AC; fuel oil 635 bbls; rocket launchers 10; total accommodations 8 officers / 70 enlisted. The class roster lists LCS(L)(3) 1-6 together with no status marks, i.e., all in service as of publication.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945 (publication April 1945)
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (1944); ship's company (1944-45)
- Limitations
- Official 1945 BuShips data book - a government primary source - but it is a type characteristics table plus a one-line build entry, not a materials or insulation record; contains no asbestos content. Its 'total accommodations' figure (8/70) is berthing capacity, distinct from the 6/65 complement in the spec block. '6051 series 71' is the document's own printed wording for the GM engines. Shaft horsepower (1,320) and NavSource's brake horsepower (1,600) are different measures, not a conflict.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-1-lcsl31-02
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[4]National Association of USS LCS(L) 1-130 (mightymidgets.org) - 'A Brief History of the Mighty Midgets' and Specifications pages; NavSource class index 10/05/05idx.htm and operational description 05func.htm [museum_official]
- Locator
- mightymidgets.org page6.htm (history), page2.htm (specifications); navsource.net/archives/10/05/05idx.htm, 05func.htm
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Association history names this hull directly: 'The first of these gunboats, the LCS(L) 1, was launched on 15 May 1944 at the George Lawley and Sons Shipyard in Neponset, Massachusetts.' Class context documented by the same source and the NavSource class index: the type was designed by the Lawley yard on existing LCI hull plans as a purpose-built fire-support gunboat; 130 were produced by three yards (Lawley, Neponset - 47; Albina Engine and Machine Works, Portland - 31; Commercial Iron Works, Portland - 52); LCS(L)s served only in the Pacific campaign; LCS(L) crews trained at amphibious training bases including Solomons, Maryland (sister LCS(L)(3)-49's crew is documented there); in 1949 the LCS(L)(3)s remaining in the Navy's inventory were reclassified LSSL; from 1952, 53 went to the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force and others to France, Vietnam, Italy, Greece, Korea, Thailand, Taiwan, and the Philippines.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1953
- Population
- LCS(L) crews class-wide; wartime amphibious training population (CONUS); Lawley/Albina/CIW construction trades
- Limitations
- Veterans-association publication and volunteer class compilation - consistent with NavSource and BuShips where they overlap, but a secondary narrative (its embedded 'Tarawa 20 November 1944' is a slip for 1943 and is not carried). No asbestos or hazmat content on either page - silence is not evidence of absence. The Solomons training attachment is documented for sister ships' crews and as the base associated with this hull's photo contributor; whether LCS(L)(3)-1 was formally attached to USNATB Solomons is unstated.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-1-lcsl31-03
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[5]Corn JK, Starr J. 'Historical perspective on asbestos: policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding.' Am J Ind Med 12(4):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Am J Ind Med 12(4):359-373 (1987), DOI 10.1002/ajim.4700120402 (DOI resolves to Wiley Online Library; Wiley returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch - abstract-level verification, consistent with batch-306)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed scholarship documents that WWII-era U.S. shipyards extensively installed asbestos-containing insulation, lagging, and gaskets in naval construction - the era in which this hull was built (April-June 1944). For a diesel-powered landing craft with no propulsion boilers, the era-relevant applications concentrate in diesel exhaust lagging, engine-room thermal/acoustic insulation, gaskets and packing, deck coverings, accommodation insulation, and winch brake linings; a sister hull's federal NRHP nomination documents an auxiliary heating boiler in the engine room - a candidate application whose insulation content is unstated.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1941-1945 (study scope); applied 1944-1951
- Population
- WWII-era shipyard workers (George Lawley & Sons, Neponset, 1944); wartime crew; Northern Metal scrapping workers (1950-51)
- Limitations
- Era-level scholarship plus class/type inference; the source does not name this hull or class and does not establish that any specific material aboard this ship contained asbestos. No ship-specific product is verified; the diesel plant (no propulsion boilers) removes the steam-lagging pathway. The hull was scrapped in 1950-51, so no present-day material question exists.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-1-lcsl31-04
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[6]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1944) and active service era. Its 1975/1979 management policies (remove only when damaged or repair-required, then selective replacement in high-maintenance areas) describe how long original-era insulation typically remained aboard Navy hulls.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review (not this hull)
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation that postdates this hull entirely - she was sold for scrapping in November 1950, roughly a quarter-century before either policy existed, and never saw the substitution era. Context for the fleet picture of the build era only. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetches, confirmed 2026-09-30); content via product-page description, consistent with prior batches.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-1-lcsl31-05
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[7]NARA photographic and textual holdings (leads): US Navy photo of LCS(L)(3)-1 'now in the collections of the US National Archives' per NavSource caption (RG 19/80-G series practice for BuShips photography); RG 24 deck logs for this hull, 1944-decommissioning [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/05/050001 photo captions; catalog.archives.gov (JS shell, unqueryable); RG 24 deck-log series, NARA College Park
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads only: a US Navy photograph of this hull underway on a stateside training exercise is held in the US National Archives collections (per NavSource caption, no photo number given), and deck logs for her 1944-decommissioning period exist in RG 24 at NARA College Park. NARA's public catalog API/site was JS-rendered and could not be queried this session, and RG 24 deck logs for this era are not publicly digitized - neither holding was individually verified.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1950
- Population
- Ship's company, 1944-decommissioning
- Limitations
- Lead-grade, not verification: photographs establish appearance, not material or work records; deck logs (when pulled) document where the ship was and what was done day to day, not material content. No asbestos content. NARA catalog access blocked this session (JS-rendered; API returned the HTML shell).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-1-lcsl31-06
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[8]Batch-5648 search ledger (this record): NavSource 050001 + class index/operational pages; BuShips Ships' Data Vol. II NAVSHIPS 250-011 (ShipScribe scan); mightymidgets.org; NVR; NARA; CourtListener API v4; GAO product page; secondary compilations (shipbuildinghistory, navypedia) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lcs-l-3-1-lcsl31-01 through sl-uss-lcs-l-3-1-lcsl31-10
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming this hull under either designation (LCS(L)(3)-1, LSSL-1) was found in the public sources searched. No individual DANFS entry exists for this hull (numbered landing craft are not covered individually; NHHC URL patterns 404). No NVR entry exists (disposed before the NVR's pre-1987 exclusion cutoff). CourtListener opinion search: 'LCS(L)(3)-1' returned 74 hits, all name collisions on review (LCS Corrections Services, LCS Services, Mortgages Ltd., party initials); 'LSSL-1' returned zero; '"LCS(L)" asbestos' returned zero; '"Northern Metal" asbestos' returned only Butler v. Local Union 823 (8th Cir. 1975), a labor-dues case - other litigation/name collision, not asbestos litigation naming this hull or its scrapper's asbestos operations. Secondary compilations (shipbuildinghistory 'scrapped 1950'; navypedia 'BU 12.1950') corroborate disposal and contain no material information.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944-built naval craft is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials. The CourtListener docket index (type=r) could not be completed this session - the fleet-paced budget was spent mid-sweep (see search_ledger); the opinion index is complete for the queried terms but docket coverage is an open gap. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-1-lcsl31-07