Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
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[1]research packet 497-packet.md (5 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (mirror-sourced)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Limitations
- qualifier: VERIFIED (mirror-sourced)
- Evidence ID
- uss-lcs-l-3-16-lcsl316-pkt-497-packet-md
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[2]NavSource Online Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSSL-16 ex USS LCS(L)(3)-16 page (construction, designation timeline, campaigns, awards, specifications, disposition) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource page 050016 - class header block, campaign table, timeline, and Specifications block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 25 August 1944 at George Lawley & Sons Corp., Neponset, MA; launched 4 September 1944; commissioned USS LCS(L)(3)-16, 28 September 1944, LTjg. Homer O. White USNR in command. Assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater: LCS(L)(3) Flotilla Three (CAPT T. C. Aylward USN), LCS(L)(3) Group Eight (LCDR E. C. Thomas USNR), LCS(L)(3) Division Fifteen. Campaigns: Okinawa Gunto operation (assault and occupation, 26 March - 25 June 1945); Minesweeping Operations Pacific, Kyushu-Korea area - Tsushima Straits 8-19 November 1945, Van Dieman Straits 30 November - 1 December 1945, Tachibana Wan 14-23 December 1945. Occupation Service in the Far East 2 September 1945 - 15 February 1946. Decommissioned 8 June 1946; laid up Pacific Reserve Fleet; reclassified Landing Ship Support Large USS LSSL-16, 28 February 1949; struck from the Naval Register 20 December 1950; sold for scrapping 9 February 1951 for $8,211 to Dulien Steel Products, Seattle, WA. Two battle stars for WWII service. Specifications: 250 t light / 387 t full, 158 ft o.a., beam 23 ft 8 in, 16.5 kt max; complement 6 officers + 65 enlisted; propulsion two quad packs of four General Motors series-71 diesel engines per shaft (1,600 bhp total), GM main reduction gears, two diesel-driven 60 kW 450V AC ship's-service generators, twin variable-pitch propellers; armament bow gun mount, two twin 40mm AA mounts, four single 20mm AA mounts, four .50 cal machine guns, ten Mk 7 rocket launchers.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1951
- Population
- George Lawley & Sons construction trades (1944); wartime crew (design complement 6 officers + 65 enlisted)
- Limitations
- NavSource documents identity, milestones, service narrative, and published specifications - it contains no materials or asbestos information and does not address exposure. This page's spec block prints the bow gun as 'one single 49mm gun mount' - a typographical error (no 49mm naval gun exists); sister-hull pages list a single 40mm or a 3"/50 dual-purpose bow gun. Configuration varied; the discrepancy is carried in gaps rather than resolved.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-16-lcsl316-01
-
[3]Division of Naval History, Ship's History Section, Navy Department, 'History of USS LSSL 16 (ex-LCS(L) 16),' hosted by NavSource via the National Association of USS LCS(L) 1-130 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource page 050016h - 'History of USS LSSL 16 (ex-LCS(L) 16)', full narrative
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Navy Department's own narrative for this hull: commissioned 28 September 1944, LTjg. Homer O. White in command; five days provisioning at Boston; Solomons, MD shakedown concluded by 16 October; Lambert Point, Norfolk availability; departed Norfolk 26 October with LCS(L) 15; Key West refueling; Coco Solo, CZ; Panama Canal transit 7 November; San Diego 18 November. Assigned LCS Flotilla THREE / Group EIGHT; departed San Diego 4 January 1945; Pearl Harbor 13 January; departed 2 February; Purvis Bay, Florida Island 17 February; Cape Esperance drills 1-8 March; underway 12 March in Tractor Group Baker; Ulithi 21-25 March. First wave at Okinawa 1 April; 45 days radar picket duty 1 April - 25 June; splashed one kamikaze ~40 ft from the ship and assisted downing another; anti-small-boat patrol and smoke-making duty. San Pedro Bay, Leyte, from 25 June (present at the surrender news); departed 11 September for Tokyo Bay occupation; typhoon lee off western Okinawa; Buckner Bay 17 September; joined Group Nine as Task Group 34.4; Tsugaru Straits minefields; anchored off Ominato 24 September; Aomori occupation landing 25 September. Departed Sasebo 5 January 1946; Anzuchi Hansei until 15 February; San Francisco 29 March; Astoria 18 April; reported 19th Reserve Fleet; decommissioned 8 June 1946, moored Columbia River. Struck 20 December 1950; sold to Dulien Steel Products Co., Seattle, for $8,211.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1951
- Population
- Wartime crew (~71); occupation-era crew
- Limitations
- An official Navy Department Ship's History Section narrative - contemporaneous and authoritative for operations, but it contains no materials or asbestos content. Two internal conflicts with NavSource's timeline: it dates the LSSL reclassification 'l8 June 1946' (NavSource: 28 February 1949, the class-wide reclassification date) and says the ship was 'sold eight days later' after the 20 December 1950 striking (NavSource: 9 February 1951). It also prints '15 February 1945' for the 1946 occupation-end date and omits the three minesweeping campaign entries NavSource credits. Both conflicts carried in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-16-lcsl316-02
-
[4]NARA file unit: 'LCS(L) (3) 16 - Muster Rolls' (NAID 120298503, 131 scanned frames, first muster roll dated 1944-09-30 - two days after commissioning), National Archives at College Park, microfilm scanned under the Ancestry partnership [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov file unit NAID 120298503 (digitalObjects attached, 131 frames)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Hull-specific personnel records exist and are digitized: the NARA muster-roll file unit for 'LCS(L) (3) 16' holds 131 scanned frames naming the crew from the 30 September 1944 roll forward - the authoritative source for who served aboard this hull and when.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Crew of LCS(L)(3)-16, 1944-46 (names recoverable frame-by-frame)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only - the muster rolls are personnel rosters; they establish who was aboard, not what materials they encountered. Muster rolls never document asbestos. Full frame-level review not performed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-16-lcsl316-03
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[5]NARA file units (WWII War Diaries microfilm series): 'LCS(L)(3)-16 - War Diary, 5/1-31/45' (NAID 633444182); 'LCS (L)(3)-16 - War Diary, 4/1-30/45' (NAID 139992114); 'LCS(L)(3)-16 - Rep of AA act South of Okinawa Jima, Ryukyu Is, 4/11/45' (NAID 140030965); 'LCS(L)(3)-16 - Report of A A action West of Okinawa Jima, 6/1/45' (NAID 140048528); 'LCS(L)(3)-16 - Report of A A action West of Okinawa Jima, 6/3/45' (NAID 140048532); 'COM LCS(L)(3) GR 8 - War Diary, 1/4-13/45' (NAID 139804589) [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov file units NAID 633444182, 139992114, 140030965, 140048528, 140048532, 139804589 (digitalObjects attached)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Hull-specific operational records exist and are digitized in the NARA catalog: this vessel's own war diaries for April 1945 (the Okinawa assault month) and May 1945 (radar picket duty), three antiaircraft action reports it filed off Okinawa (11 April; 1 and 3 June 1945), and the LCS(L)(3) Group Eight war diary for 4-13 January 1945 covering the group's San Diego - Pearl Harbor transit with this hull in company. These are the primary-source operational record of the hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945
- Population
- Wartime crew; Group Eight staff
- Limitations
- Archival lead only - war diaries and action reports document operations, not materials aboard; none is expected to mention asbestos. Frame-level review not performed. Deck logs (RG 24) for this hull are held at NARA but their digitization status for this hull was not confirmed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-16-lcsl316-04
-
[6]NPS National Register of Historic Places nomination, LCS-102 (NRHP 15000716, listed 13 October 2015) - class-level design and production documentation for the LCS(L)(3) type [nps]
- Locator
- NRHP nomination 15000716, Section 7 (description) and Section 8 (Criterion C discussion, yard production split)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Class documentation for the type: the LCS(L)(3) is a shallow-draft, all-welded-steel gunboat 158 ft long displacing 387 tons full load / 250 tons light, designed to accompany landing craft ashore and provide close-in fire support; crew 65 enlisted + 6 officers; contracts for 130 hulls built 1944-45 across three yards - George Lawley & Sons of Neponset, MA (47 hulls), Commercial Iron Works of Portland, OR (52), and Albina of Portland, OR (31). Hull 16 falls in the Lawley production run.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945 (class); nomination 2015
- Population
- Construction trades at three yards, 1944-45; class crews
- Limitations
- NPS nomination documents class design and production; it names this hull's builder yard but not this hull specifically. The nomination contains no asbestos or insulation-content information - the full text was searched; nothing found. The nomination's surviving-example detail describes Commercial Iron Works-built LCS-102.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-16-lcsl316-05
-
[7]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications block (all-diesel GM plant, welded construction per NPS nomination); NPS NRHP 15000716 (machinery-space layout, all-welded steel hull); GAO HRD-80-2 (Navy asbestos-use era, see ev-07) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specifications block (050016); NPS nomination 15000716 machinery arrangement; GAO HRD-80-2 era framing
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A welded-steel amphibious gunboat built August-September 1944 inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era: era-standard applications aboard a small diesel warship of this type and period were thermal insulation in machinery spaces and exhaust runs, gaskets and valve packing in fuel/lube/fresh-water systems, electrical insulation, and fireproofing/firefighting textiles - in a hull 158 ft long where ~71 men worked in confined spaces. The all-diesel plant (two quad packs of GM series-71 engines) means no steam plant aboard - the boiler/steam-line lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply; the diesel confined-space dynamic (machinery spaces, exhaust lagging, gaskets, packing) is the relevant pathway.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1951
- Population
- George Lawley & Sons construction trades (Aug-Sep 1944); crew 1944-46; Pacific Reserve Fleet maintenance; Dulien Steel Products scrapping trades (1951)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, builder's spec, or work package located for LCS(L)(3)-16. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. No manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-16-lcsl316-06
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[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1944) and U.S. service era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-09-30) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-16-lcsl316-07
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[9]Batch-5684 search ledger (this record): NavSource hull page + Navy Department unit history; NARA catalog proxy search (muster rolls, war diaries, action reports); NPS NRHP 15000716; shipbuildinghistory class table; uswarships.jounin.jp fleet list; NHHC/DANFS index (no entry exists for this numbered craft); NVR (pre-1987 disposal - not in register); CourtListener opinion search; secondary litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lcs-l-3-16-lcsl316-01 through -09
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming USS LCS(L)(3)-16 / LSSL-16 was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener opinion and docket searches on exact designations returned zero hits; the only 'asbestos aboard' material surfaced anywhere is law-firm marketing content (a Washington asbestos job-sites list naming scrapping firm Dulien Steel Products in generic terms; a generic landing-ship asbestos page naming no hull) with no primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944-built Navy vessel of this era is a reasonable era-consistent inference for asbestos-containing insulation, gaskets and packing, but that is not ship-proven. CourtListener coverage is opinion-level plus RECAP docket-level on exact designations (all count=0); free-text variants and unindexed state/county filings remain outside coverage. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-16-lcsl316-08