Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
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[1]research packet 500-packet.md (1 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lcs-l-3-35-lcsl335-pkt-500-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSSL-35 ex USS LCS(L)(3)-35 - build/milestone timeline, campaign table, specifications, commanding-officer entry, disposal chain, photo captions (live-verified 200 OK this session) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/05/050035.htm header block, campaign tables, specifications block, CO table, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 28 August 1944 at Commercial Iron Works, Portland OR; launched 17 September 1944; commissioned USS LCS(L)(3)-35, 1 October 1944, LT K. C. Huff USNR in command. WWII assignment: LCS(L)(3) Flotilla Three (CAPT T. C. Aylward USN), Group Seven (LCDR F. P. Stone USNR), Division Thirteen. Campaigns: Iwo Jima operation 19-26 February 1945; Okinawa Gunto operation 26 March-30 June 1945; Minesweeping Operations Pacific 21 November-18 December 1945. Navy Occupation Service Medal 19 September-26 October 1945; China Service Medal (extended) 29/31 October 1945-20 January 1946. Decommissioned, date unknown; redesignated USS LSSL-35, 28 February 1949; transferred to France 12 March 1953, renamed RFS Etendard; returned to US custody at Subic Bay 1957; transferred to Greece 12 August 1957 as HNS Plotarkhis Vlachavas (P-95); struck from the Naval Register, date unknown; final disposition, discarded by Greek navy in 1976. Three battle stars for WWII service; ribbons include Combat Action Ribbon (Iwo Jima). Specifications: 250 t light / 387 t full; 158' oa; beam 23'8"; complement 6 officers + 65 enlisted; propulsion 2 quad packs of 4 GM 6-71-series diesels per shaft, 1,600 BHP, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2 diesel-driven 60 kW 450 V AC generators. Spec sources: Baker, Allied Landing Craft of World War II; Lawley class instructions and original plans. Photo captions document the hull at Pearl Harbor with LCS(L) Group Seven pre-Iwo Jima; near Tacloban, Leyte Gulf, September 1945; crew photo at Shanghai November 1945; ex-LSSL-35 in French service 1953 and Greek service at Salamis (c.1960s), Corfu (1962), and underway 1963.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1976
- Population
- Commercial Iron Works construction trades (1944); crew (1944-46 active); French navy crew (1953-57); Greek navy crew (1957-76)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - its milestone dates generally track official records but three fields here conflict with other sources (commissioning date, France transfer year, decommissioning date; see gaps). Contains no asbestos content. No hazmat or material record for the 1976 discard was located.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl335-01
-
[3]NavSource: 'A Short History of the U.S.S. LCS(L) 35', written by Charles Thomas, provided by the National Association of USS LCS(L) 1-130 (crew-authored ship history; live-verified 200 OK this session) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/05/050035h.htm full narrative
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Crew-authored history for this hull: commissioning ceremony 3 October 1944, twenty-four-year-old LT(jg) Kenneth C. Huff USNR assuming command; crew formed June 1944 at ATB Solomons MD and ATB Fort Pierce FL; 66 enlisted + 6 officers, only four previously to sea; maiden voyage to San Diego 17 October 1944 with LCS(L)(3)-36; accidental 40 mm discharge struck LCS(L)(3)-37's bridge, one man seriously injured; sailed for Pearl Harbor 1 December 1944 with thirteen other LCSs; Group Seven's twelve LCSs departed West Loch 22 January 1945 convoying LSTs to Iwo Jima via Eniwetok and Saipan. At Iwo Jima: pre-landing rocket barrages and 48-hour gunfire support from 19 February, salvage duty, crew witnessed the Mount Suribachi flag raising; tow and ammunition-transfer damage. At Okinawa from Easter Sunday 1 April 1945: salvage duty, then Radar Picket Station Two; on 16 April 1945 with LCS(L)(3)-32 and USS Bryant (DD-665) answered distressed stations and recovered Bryant survivors after her kamikaze hit ('Suicide Junction'); inner AA screen, smoke-laying, 'skunk patrol', PGM guard duty; claimed credit for three enemy aircraft. Leyte (Tacloban) rehabilitation July 1945. Post-war: Wakayama harbor-control duty from mid-September; Shanghai from 25 October with five other LCSs; Yangtze submerged-object strike and Shanghai dry-dock repairs; Formosa minesweeping support from 19 November; departed Shanghai mid-February 1946; San Pedro 15 March 1946; New Orleans via Panama Canal; towed to Green Cove Springs and decommissioned September 1946; 'returning without a casualty'.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- LCS(L)(3)-35 crew, 1944-46; Shanghai dry-dock workers (1945); Green Cove Springs reserve-fleet workers (1946)
- Limitations
- Veteran-authored narrative republished by NavSource - ship-specific and detailed, but not an official record; where it conflicts with the NavSource milestone line (commissioning ceremony 3 Oct vs 1 Oct; decommissioning Sept 1946 vs 'date unknown') both readings are carried, conflicts logged in gaps. Contains no asbestos content. Its 'war was at an end' announcement timestamp (2100 on 9 August at Tacloban) precedes the formal Japanese surrender announcement - read as the shipboard receipt of surrender news, not a date claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl335-02
-
[4]The Landing Craft Support Museum (USS LCS(L)(3)-102 museum, Mare Island/Vallejo CA), 'History' page - class development and production totals (live-verified 200 OK this session) [museum_official]
- Locator
- lcsmuseum.org History page, paragraphs on design origin, production totals, postwar transfers
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Class documentation for the type this hull belongs to: the LCS(L) was designed from the LCI hull as a purpose-built fire-support gunboat after Tarawa demonstrated the close-in support gap; contracts awarded from 1943, first ship launched 15 May 1944 at Lawley, Neponset MA. 130 ships produced by three yards: Lawley 47, Albina Engine and Machine Works (Portland OR) 31, Commercial Iron Works (Portland OR) 52 - consistent with this hull's Commercial Iron Works build. In 1949 in-service LCS(L)s were reclassified LSSL; postwar transfers went to Japan (53), France/Vietnam, Italy, Greece, Korea, Thailand, Taiwan, and the Philippines - the chain this hull followed (France, then Greece).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1950s
- Population
- Class construction trades at Lawley, Albina, Commercial Iron Works (1944-45)
- Limitations
- Class-level history only - establishes the production context and confirms the builder attribution pattern, but names no material or asbestos fact for this hull. Museum's own site text dates Tarawa '20 November 1944' (the landing was 1943) - a typo in the source noted here so it is not propagated.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl335-03
-
[5]NavSource class page, 'Landing Craft Support (Large)(Mark 3) LCS(L)(3) / Landing Ship Support Large (LSSL) - Operational Description', credited to Robin L. Rielly (author of 'Mighty Midgets at War') (live-verified 200 OK this session) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/05/05func.htm operational description text
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Class operational description: purpose-designed gunboat on the LCI(L) hull, design work and first ships by George Lawley & Sons, Neponset MA; built to lead assault waves with rocket barrages and close-in gunfire support. At Okinawa the class additionally screened anchorages against suicide boats and served radar picket duty as anti-kamikaze platforms - the duty this hull performed at Radar Picket Station Two. 130 built by Lawley, Albina Engine and Machine Works, and Commercial Iron Works; in 1949 remaining USN LCS(L)(3)s reclassified LSSL; from 1952 many transferred to allies, 53 to the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, others to France for Vietnam service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1953
- Population
- LCS(L) crews class-wide (1944-46); picket-station populations at Okinawa
- Limitations
- Class-level narrative; corroborates the type's mission profile and postwar disposition pattern. No material or asbestos content. Secondary compilation, consistent with museum and NavSource ship-page data.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl335-04
-
[6]ShipbuildingHistory (Tim Colton compilation), 'Landing Craft, Support (Large) LCS(L)' construction table, row for LCS(L)-35 (live-verified 200 OK this session) [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/lcsl.htm, LCS(L) construction table, row 35
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Independent secondary-compilation corroboration and date-variant flag: shipbuildinghistory's yard table lists 'LCS(L) 35 | Commercial IW | Portland OR | 44 | 3-Oct-44 | To France 1954 as Etendard (L 9026), returned 1957, to Greece 1957 as Plotarkhis Ulachavas, discarded 1976'. Confirms builder and disposal chain; carries a 3 October 1944 commissioning date (matching the ship's written history and uboat.net, vs NavSource's 1 October - see gaps) and a 1954 France-transfer year (vs NavSource's 12 March 1953 - see gaps). Adds the French pennant L-9026 and the 'Ulachavas' transliteration.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1976
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation used to flag date conflicts, not to override NavSource: NavSource dates are carried in the record fields; variants are logged in gaps. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl335-05
-
[7]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire 1944 construction and US service era (1944-1953), and its foreign service under France and Greece.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403 confirmed 2026-09-30) - content via product-page description, same standing access defect as BATCH-01 and BATCH-98.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl335-06
-
[8]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications (all-diesel GM power packs; no steam plant); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-era documentation (ev-06); WWII small-combatant construction norms; lcsmuseum.org class production history (ev-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 050035 specifications block; GAO HRD-80-2; lcsmuseum.org History
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered amphibious gunboat built in a wartime US yard in 1944 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos era; era-standard applications aboard a small diesel combatant of this type and period were engine and diesel-exhaust lagging, engine-room thermal and acoustic insulation, gaskets, valve packing, electrical insulation, and interior finish materials in the confined hull volume. She carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply - but the small-ship confined-space dynamic applies: a 158-foot hull with eight engines, dense armament, and a crew of ~71 means machinery spaces and accommodation shared tight volume.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1976
- Population
- Commercial Iron Works construction trades (1944); crew 1944-46; Shanghai dry-dock and repair workers (1945); reserve-fleet and foreign-service maintenance crews (1946-76)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for LCS(L)(3)-35. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl335-07
-
[9]Daily Journal of Commerce (Portland, OR), 'Zidell plans waterfront development' (Eli Segall, Dec 22, 2009) - Oregon DEQ cleanup of the former Commercial Iron Works / Zidell waterfront site (live-verified this session) [reputable_press]
- Locator
- djcoregon.com article text (DEQ quotes; Zidell/CIW site history)
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- Builder-site environmental documentation: Oregon DEQ's cleanup manager confirmed 'PCBs and other contaminants on the site, including lead and asbestos, are in river bottoms and on the west bank of the river' at the South Waterfront site where 'industrial uses began there in 1916, with the founding of Commercial Iron Works, which, during World War II, delivered 185 ships to the U.S. Navy from the site.' Remediation was required under a 2006 consent agreement between Zidell Corp. and Oregon DEQ.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2006-2011 (cleanup); contamination attributed to 1916-1970s industrial use
- Population
- Zidell-era shipbreaking workers (post-war to late 1970s); site remediation crews (2011-forward)
- Limitations
- Site-level environmental record only - contamination documented on the builder's former waterfront is attributed by the article to the site's industrial history including the post-war Zidell shipbreaking operation that leased the yard, not specifically to this hull's 1944 construction. Does not establish materials aboard this hull, any individual exposure, or quantity. Regional business press, not a government survey - the underlying DEQ consent-decree file is the primary-source lead.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl335-08
-
[10]National Association of USS LCS(L) 1-130, Links page - references the NHHC Operational Archives' L. Richard Rhame Collection (LCS(L) Collection) (live-verified 200 OK this session) [other_primary]
- Locator
- mightymidgets.org page9.htm Links page, 'Navy Historical Center' entry
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival lead: the Naval Historical Center (now NHHC) Operational Archives Branch at the Washington Navy Yard 'holds the L. Richard Rhame Collection, also known as the LCS(L) Collection. It contains letters, photos, documents, and other memorabilia contributed by LCSers.' For this hull, the crew-authored history republished by NavSource originated from the same National Association of USS LCS(L) 1-130 milieu - the collection is the likeliest archival home for any ship-specific documents, war diaries, or action reports beyond NARA RG 24 deck logs.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- archival lead (1944-46 records)
- Limitations
- Lead only, not a located record: the collection's finding aid and any LCS(L)(3)-35 file were not retrieved or verified this session; the association page is old and the NHHC archive's current catalog entry for the collection is unconfirmed. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl335-09
-
[11]Batch-5705 search ledger (this record): NavSource ship page + crew history + class page; shipbuildinghistory yard table; lcsmuseum.org class history; mightymidgets.org archival lead; NHHC/DANFS (no entry); NVR (postdates disposal); NARA catalog (JS-blocked); GAO product page; CourtListener opinion/docket searches (per-query results in search_ledger); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lcsl335-01 through -13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming USS LCS(L)(3)-35 / LSSL-35 / RFS Etendard / HNS Plotarkhis Vlachavas (P-95) was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener opinion search returned zero results for 'LCS(L)(3)-35' and 'LSSL-35' (API v4, authenticated, 2026-09-30); a 'Commercial Iron Works' opinion search returned 20 hits, all non-qualifying tax/customs/industrial-accident cases including a Memphis TN name-collision - no asbestos or shipyard-exposure opinion naming the Portland builder. The 'LCSL-35', 'LCS(L) 35', and 'LCS(L)(3)' opinion variants plus the RECAP docket index could not be completed against the shared fleet request budget - logged per-query in search_ledger as executed or blocked, not as blanket negatives. Secondary web sweeps surfaced only law-firm marketing content asserting asbestos aboard LCS-type ships generally without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard. Undigitized leads remain: RG 24 deck logs, the NHHC LCS(L) Collection, builder work orders, and the Greek-era disposal record. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl335-10