Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCS(L)(3)-46 - construction milestones, unit assignments, campaign/medal tables, specifications, disposal [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/05/050046.htm - header block, campaign and medal tables, specifications block, final disposition line
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 7 October 1944 at Commercial Iron Works, Portland OR; launched 27 October 1944; commissioned USS LCS(L)(3)-46 9 November 1944, LT. W. P. McCarthy USNR in command. WWII assignment: Asiatic-Pacific Theater, LCS(L)(3) Flotilla One (CAPT. R. E. Arison USNR), LCS(L)(3) Group Two (LT. M. C. Fitzgerald USNR), LCS(L)(3) Division Three; Asiatic-Pacific Campaign - Borneo operation, Brunei Bay operation, 8-30 June 1945. Post-war: Navy Occupation Service Medal 4 September - 9 October 1945; China Service Medal (extended) 10 October - 10 December 1945. Decommissioned 28 October 1946; struck from the Naval Register 23 June 1947; sold 7 October 1947 to Carl E. Anderson, Seattle WA - fate unknown. Earned one battle star for WWII service. Ribbon array: China Service Medal (extended), American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (1 star), WWII Victory Medal, Navy Occupation Service Medal (Asia clasp), Philippines Liberation Medal. Spec block: 250 t lt / 387 t fl; 158' o.a.; b. 23'8"; dr. 5'8" limiting; 16.5 kts max; complement 6 officers + 65 enlisted; armament 1x 3"/50 DP, 2x twin 40mm, 4x single 20mm, 4x .50 cal, 10x Mk7 rocket launchers; propulsion 2 quad-packs of 4 GM Series-71 diesels per shaft (1,600 bhp), GM main reduction gears, 2x 60 kW diesel-drive generators, twin variable-pitch propellers. Call sign NVSU.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Commercial Iron Works construction trades (1944); crew, 6 officers + 65 enlisted (1944-46)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestone dates track official records but are not independently verified against the ship's log. Spec figures sourced to Lawley class instructions and Baker's Allied Landing Craft. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl3-46-01
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[2]"A Brief History of LCS(L)(3) 46" by Lt.(jg) W. P. McCarthy, Commanding Officer - first-person ship's history posted by NavSource, provided by the National Association of USS LCS(L) 1-130 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/05/050046h.htm - full narrative text
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- CO-authored narrative for this hull: commissioned at Commercial Iron Works, Portland, 9 November 1944; officers Ens. Beckert (XO), Ens. Cox (engineering), Ens. Diely (gunnery), Ens. Stout (communications - relieved Dec 5, replaced by Ens. Austin Dec 21), Ens. McBride (first lieutenant). Departed for San Diego 30 November 1944 after fitting-out and a 15-day quarantine; December shakedown at Amphibious Training Base Coronado; sailed for Pearl Harbor 15 January 1945 with LCSs 45, 47, 59, 60, 79, 80 (arrived 24 January). Escorted a 36-LCT flotilla from Pearl 1 March to Eniwetok (25 March); departed 30 March for Seventh Fleet at Leyte via Kossol Passage, arriving San Pedro Bay 17 April. Staged at Morotai from 7 May; arrived Brunei Bay 7 June; hydrographic survey support off Green Beach 8 June; picket for the disabled minesweeper AM-294 which sank that night; fire support off Sapo Point 9 June; guarded grounded LCI(G)-23 in Muara channel; two rocket runs 10 June ahead of the Red Beach landing, then escorted the Muara Channel landing to Yellow Beach near Brooketon. Picket duty Victoria Harbor to 17 June; Lutong-Miri minesweeper support (18 mines destroyed) 17-19 June; rocket run onto the Lutong-Miri airfield beach 20 June. Subic Bay 5 July; San Fernando Bay training to 17 August; Inchon 12 September; Yellow Sea mine destruction (4 mines) 16-20 September; Tangku fire-support 28 September-8 October; Mokpo anti-smuggling patrol 16-21 October (contraband seizure with LCS-44); salvage assistance to USS Bridge at Fusan 1 November ('WELL DONE' from Adm. Kinkaid; commendations for Lt.(jg) Cox and Ens. McBride); Tsingtao from 30 November; departed 11 December for Pearl Harbor via Saipan and Eniwetok (1 January 1946). 'LCS 46 was decommissioned on 28 October 1946, stricken from the Navy list on 23 June 1947, and sold.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Crew (1944-46); salvage-detail personnel during USS Bridge response, 1 Nov 1945
- Limitations
- First-person commanding-officer narrative hosted on a secondary compilation (NavSource) and provided by the class veterans' association - quasi-primary content with secondary hosting; consistent with NavSource milestone data. Narrative ends at Eniwetok 1 January 1946 - the Jan-Oct 1946 interval, including decommissioning location, is not covered. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl3-46-02
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[3]NARA catalog: 'LCS(L) (3) 46 - Muster Rolls' (RG 24, Muster Rolls of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Other Naval Activities; digitized via Ancestry) + two action reports in RG 38 'World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories': NAID 101760713 'LCS(L)(3)-46 - Rep of opers in the assault landings in the Brunei Bay Area, Borneo, 6/7-12/45' and NAID 77473118 'LCS(L)(3)-46 - Rep of opers ... Miri-Lutong Area, Borneo, 6/18-21/45' (digitized via Fold3) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 120300450 (muster rolls); NAID 101760713 and NAID 77473118 (action reports)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Hull-specific federal records exist at NARA: this craft's muster rolls (crew rosters) and two after-action reports covering the Brunei Bay (7-12 June 1945) and Miri-Lutong (18-21 June 1945) assault landings are cataloged and digitized through the Ancestry/Fold3 partnership programs.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Crew named in muster rolls; Borneo-landing participants
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: catalog metadata verifies these records exist and name this hull; the documents' contents were not reviewed page-by-page. Muster rolls and action reports are personnel/operational records - no asbestos content expected or reviewed. Paywalled partner scans (Ancestry/Fold3); catalog.archives.gov item pages are JS-rendered.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl3-46-03
-
[4]NavSource LCS(L)(3)/LSSL class photo index + operational description (05func.htm, text by Robin L. Rielly): 130 built 1944-45 by George Lawley & Sons (Neponset MA - design yard), Commercial Iron Works and Albina Engine & Machine Works (Portland OR); Pacific-only service; remaining inventory redesignated LSSL 1949; 53 transferred to JMSDF from 1952 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/05/05idx.htm (class index header paragraph); 10/05/05func.htm (operational description)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Class context for this hull: the LCS(L)(3) 'Mighty Midgets' were purpose-designed close-in fire-support gunboats conceived after Tarawa, built on a rearranged LCI(L) hull by three yards (George Lawley & Son - design agent, Neponset MA; Commercial Iron Works and Albina Engine & Machine Works, Portland OR). All 130 served only in the Pacific. Hulls remaining in the 1949 inventory were reclassified LSSL; 53 were transferred to the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force beginning 1952 and others to allied nations. This hull was sold in 1947 and never held the LSSL designation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1953
- Population
- LCS(L)(3) crews class-wide
- Limitations
- Class-level context: does not attribute any material or condition to this specific hull. Builder attribution by hull number comes from the hull page (ev-01). Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl3-46-04
-
[5]Era inference built on: NavSource spec block for this hull (all-diesel GM Series-71 propulsion, no steam plant); class history (WWII 1944 build at Commercial Iron Works, Portland); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-era documentation (see ev-06) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource spec block (propulsion); GAO HRD-80-2 product page (era window)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A U.S. Navy amphibious craft built October 1944 sits inside the documented Navy asbestos-use era (GAO: extensive shipboard asbestos insulation use, substitution not begun until the early 1970s). Era-standard applications aboard a small diesel amphibious craft of this type: exhaust and muffler lagging on the eight-engine diesel plant, machinery-space thermal/acoustic insulation, gaskets, valve packing, and electrical insulation in confined compartments. As an all-diesel craft she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of larger steam vessels does not apply, but the confined-volume exposure dynamic of a 158-ft, 71-man gunboat applies.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Commercial Iron Works construction trades (1944); crew (1944-46); reserve-fleet caretakers (1946-47); post-sale civilian owners (1947-)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, or maintenance record located for LCS(L)(3)-46. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl3-46-05
-
[6]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's construction (1944) and entire service era (1944-46 active, 1946-47 reserve).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-09-30) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl3-46-06
-
[7]Oregon DEQ Northwest Region Cleanup Program, 'Zidell Waterfront Property Cleanup' (2012, presenter Scott Manzano) - cleanup briefing for ECSI Site 689, the former Commercial Iron Works shipyard site; corroborated by USCG Regulated Navigation Area rule, 77 FR 19544 (2012-04-02), govinfo [other_primary]
- Locator
- DEQ 'Zidell Waterfront Property Cleanup' 2012 briefing PDF (site history, contaminants, 2010 remedial action slides); 77 FR 19544-46 (govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2012-04-02/html/2012-7784.htm); DEQ ECSI Site 689 (legacy ecsidetailfull.asp?seqnbr=689 now redirects to DEQ welcome page - content per search-index capture)
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- State environmental documentation of asbestos at this hull's builder's site: the former Commercial Iron Works yard (Willamette River, Portland) was acquired by Zidell in 1946 and became a shipbreaking operation that dismantled 336 ships over 30 years, with waste used as site fill. DEQ documents asbestos among site contaminants in upland and bankline soil, and a 2010 upland remedial action included an asbestos abatement project with certified workers, air monitoring, and bulk ACM disposal; the in-water remedy added an engineered sediment cap protected by a USCG Regulated Navigation Area (77 FR 19544). Cleanup completed under a 2006 consent decree; certificate of completion issued 2018.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1946-2018 (site remediation era); WWII construction era context
- Population
- Zidell shipbreaking workers (1946-1970s); remediation workers (2010-12); construction-era workforce unseparated in source
- Limitations
- Yard/site-level environmental record only - documents asbestos in site soils attributed primarily to Zidell's post-1946 shipbreaking and fill, not to this hull or to wartime construction. Does not establish that asbestos was aboard this craft, that any person was exposed at this yard during 1944 construction, quantity, or present-day presence aboard any vessel. The DEQ brief's 'building, repair and salvage of Victory Ships during WWII' line simplifies the yard's output - Commercial Iron Works' documented wartime product was ~200 small warships including LCS(L) craft (ev-04).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl3-46-07
-
[8]National Park Service, NRHP Registration Form for LCS-102 (NRHP 15000716, listed 13 October 2015; Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo CA) - surviving sister ship, same builder (Commercial Iron Works) [nps]
- Locator
- NRHP nomination PDF 15000716, full text searched (pdftotext) for asbestos/insulation/abatement/hazmat terms - 0 hits
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The NRHP registration form for USS LCS(L)(3)-102 - the class's surviving museum ship, built at the same yard (Commercial Iron Works, laid down 13 January 1945) - was extracted in full and contains zero references to asbestos, insulation, abatement, or hazardous materials. A class-level negative check: even the preserved sister's landmark nomination does not disclose asbestos materials documentation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2015 (nomination); restoration 2007-present
- Population
- Museum restoration/maintenance volunteers, USS LCS-102 (class context)
- Limitations
- Negative finding at class level only: an NRHP nomination is a historical-significance document, not a hazmat survey - silence in it does not prove absence of asbestos aboard any LCS(L)(3), including this hull. The museum's own restoration correspondence was not reviewed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl3-46-08
-
[9]CourtListener API v4 authenticated searches (2026-09-30): opinion index queries '"LCS(L)(3)-46"' (exact), '"LCS(L)" asbestos', '"LCS(L)-46"' - all zero results [court_record]
- Locator
- CourtListener /api/rest/v4/search type=o queries; search_ledger rows sl-uss-lcsl3-46-05 through -07
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- No CourtListener opinion names this hull or the class designation with asbestos: exact-hull query 'LCS(L)(3)-46' returned 0; 'LCS(L)' combined with asbestos returned 0; 'LCS(L)-46' returned 0. No qualifying asbestos litigation naming this vessel was located in the opinion index.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Opinion index only. The RECAP docket index could not be cleanly searched: the broad query matched the full asbestos docket population (355,511 records - no hull discrimination), and a focused hull-string docket query could not be completed before the fleet-wide pacing budget was spent. Docket coverage is a genuine open gap - not a negative result. CourtListener coverage is also limited to post-1990s dockets in many jurisdictions; 1940s-era exposure claims would surface as later-filed cases.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl3-46-09
-
[10]Batch-5717 search ledger (this record): NavSource hull page + CO-authored history + class index; NARA catalog (muster rolls, two action reports); Oregon DEQ Zidell record; USCG RNA rule (77 FR 19544); NPS NRHP nomination for LCS-102; NVR (no entry); NHHC DANFS (no entry); CourtListener opinion index (0 hits); GAO HRD-80-2 (blocked); secondary litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lcsl3-46-01 through -12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS LCS(L)(3)-46 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). The only 'asbestos aboard LCS' material on the open web is law-firm marketing content asserting asbestos aboard LCS-class ships without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - WWII-era naval construction almost universally incorporated asbestos products, and this craft's short Navy life (1944-46) plus unknown post-1947 commercial disposition leaves her material record undocumented. Deck logs (RG 24) and Commercial Iron Works yard records are undigitized or unlocated leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl3-46-10