Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCS(L)(3)-48 - construction/milestone timeline, campaign table, specifications block, commanding-officer roster, awards, photo captions (verified live 2026-09-30) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/05/050048.htm - header timeline, campaign/occupation tables, specifications block, commanding-officer roster, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 25 May 1944 at Albina Engine and Machine Works Inc., Portland, OR; launched 7 July 1944 (header block - but see gaps: the page's own log-derived history says 14 July); commissioned USS LCS(L)(3)-48, 26 August 1944, LTjg. John A. Keefer USNR in command; assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater as flagship of LCS(L)(3) Flotilla One (CAPT. R. E. Arison, USNR), Group One, Division One. Campaigns: Manila Bay-Bicol (Subic Bay/Grande Island 31 Jan 1945; Mariveles-Corregidor, Mariveles Harbor 14-28 Feb 1945); Borneo (Tarakan 22 Apr-1 May 1945; Brunei Bay 7-10 Jun and 25 Jun-2 Jul 1945; Balikpapan 15 Jun-20 Jul 1945). Navy Occupation Service 4 Sep-9 Oct 1945; China Service 2-10 Dec 1945. Decommissioned 18 October 1946; struck from the Naval Register, date unknown; sold to Fred Markley, Seattle, WA, 7 October 1947, fate unknown. Two battle stars; ribbons: Combat Action (retroactive), China Service (extended), American Campaign, Asiatic-Pacific (2 stars), WWII Victory, Navy Occupation (Asia clasp), Philippine Presidential Unit Citation, Philippine Liberation (1 star). Specs: 250 t light / 387 t full; 158' o.a.; 23'8" beam; 6 officers + 65 enlisted; armament one 3"/50 DP bow mount, two twin 40mm, four 20mm, four .50 cal, ten Mk 7 rocket launchers; propulsion GM 71-series diesels in quad packs per shaft (1,600 bhp), GM main reduction gears, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2x 60 kW diesel-driven generators. Photo captions: standing off USS LSM-169 fighting fires at Mariveles Bay 15 Feb 1945; standing off Corregidor 16 Feb 1945; entering Chinghae Naval Base, Korea, late 1945. Commanding officers: LTjg. John A. Keefer (26 Aug 1944-4 Nov 1944); LT. Denzil E. Widel (4 Nov 1944-11 Dec 1945); LTjg. George W. Alfs (11 Dec 1945-28 Mar 1946); LTjg. Saul Leonard Solling (28 Mar 1946-10 Jun 1946); LT. Frederick Hugh Lamartin Jr. (10 Jun 1946-18 Oct 1946).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Albina construction trades (1944); crew (1944-46) - complement 6 officers + 65 enlisted; 66 plankowners at commissioning
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestone dates generally track Navy records but the header 'launched 7 July 1944' conflicts with the page's own log-derived history (14 July) and uboat.net (14 Jul); variant flagged in gaps. No asbestos or material content. 'Struck from the Naval Register, date unknown' - the strike date is unlocated.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-48-lcsl348-01
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[2]NavSource Online: 'A Brief History of USS LCS(L) 48' by Robert C. Heim with Robert J. Amick - built from the ship's own deck log and action reports secured by EM3/c John J. Richards; provided by the National Association of USS LCS(L) 1-130 (verified live 2026-09-30) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/05/050048h.htm - full narrative incl. deck-log excerpt of 26 Aug 1944 and Mariveles action-report commendations; itinerary table; acknowledgment of John J. Richards for securing the log and action reports
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Deck-log-derived narrative for this hull: crew assembled at Solomons Island amphibious base, MD, and traveled to Portland, OR for construction; keel laid 25 May 1944, launched 14 July 1944. Commissioning entry of the deck log, 26 August 1944: moored at the Albina Shipyard outfitting dock, Portland; Lt. Com. Creim, representing the Commandant, Thirteenth Naval District, placed the ship in commission; LTjg. John A. Keefer assumed command; officers reporting included Ens. Robert J. Amick (XO), Ens. Joseph D. Reisner (Engineering), Ens. George W. Alfs (Communications), Ens. Robert I. Stern (Gunnery), Ens. Harold Winthrop (First Lieutenant); 66 plankowners (6 officers, 60 enlisted). 10 September 1944, San Diego: Cmdr. Rae E. Arison, Commander LCS Flotilla One, raised his pennant aboard - the 48 was flotilla flagship. Departed San Diego 20 Oct 1944; Pearl Harbor (Widel took command 4 Nov); Hollandia 5 Dec; Leyte 15 Jan 1945. 15 Feb 1945, Mariveles Harbor: with LCSs 7, 8, 26, 27, 49 supported the landing, towed/protected the mined LSM-169 and rescued 12 of her crew; action report commends MoMM3/c Paul J. Lowry (swam a line to the LSM, enabling four rescues) and PhM2/c Herman S. Pridgen (wounded treatment). That night suicide boats sank LCSs 7, 26, 49 and forced LCS-27 to beach; the 48 and the 8 were the group's only survivors and the flagship's communications center coordinated rescues. 16 Feb: pre-invasion assault on Corregidor; then mine-disposal duty with LCS-8 in Manila Bay from 25 Feb (raft incident - several men injured by shrapnel; Lloyd W. Klaus hospitalized to LST-777). Bicol operation: 158th RCT landing at Legaspi, 1 Apr. Tarakan: supported frogmen/UDT three days before D-Day, landings 1 May. Brunei: supported minesweepers 7-10 Jun; with LCS-42 kept the mined USS Salute (AM-294) afloat four hours before she was sunk by friendly fire. Balikpapan 25 Jun-2 Jul. Postwar: Okinawa; Jinsen/Pusan/Chinhae, Korea (accepted surrender of two Japanese destroyers with LCS-42; observed munitions disposal dumping past the 40-fathom curve); show of force at Jinsen and Tsingtao; departed Tsingtao 11 Dec 1945; towed LCS-8 partway home; San Pedro, CA, 3 Feb 1946. Placed out of commission 18 October 1946 at Bremerton Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. Fred Markley of 740 Westlake North, Seattle, took delivery 7 October 1947.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Commissioning crew (66 plankowners); wartime crew (~71 complement); Albina yard trades at outfitting
- Limitations
- Crew-recollection narrative quoting the ship's deck log and action reports - closest thing to a primary ship record publicly available for this hull, but it is a veteran-authored transcription, not an official publication; quoted official text (deck log, action report) should be verified against NARA originals before any legal use. Launch date here (14 July 1944) conflicts with the same site's header (7 July) - see gaps. No asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-48-lcsl348-02
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[3]NHHC, 'Casualties: U.S. Navy and Coast Guard Ships' - LCS(L) section (verified live 2026-09-30) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC casualties page, 'Landing Craft, Support (Large)(Mk. III) (LCS(L))' section
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NHHC's official casualty list documents that USS LCS(L)(3)-7, LCS(L)(3)-26, and LCS(L)(3)-49 were 'sunk by Suicide boat off Mariveles, Corregidor Channel, Luzon, Philippine Islands, 16 February 1945' - officially corroborating the night action that the LCS-48 log-derived history describes her surviving and coordinating rescue/damage-control communications for as flotilla flagship.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-02-15/16
- Population
- Crews of LCS(L)(3)-7, -26, -49 (lost) and -27 (damaged/beached); LCS-48 and LCS-8 rescue/recovery crews
- Limitations
- The NHHC page names the sunk sister hulls, not LCS(L)(3)-48 itself - it corroborates the battle context documented for this hull by ev-02; it does not name -48 and contains no asbestos or material content. The crew history frames the sinkings in the 'wee hours' after the 15 February evening; the official casualty date is 16 February - consistent, not a conflict.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-48-lcsl348-03
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[4]NHHC photograph NH 81527, USS LCS(L)(3) 50 at Albina Engine and Machine Works, Portland, Oregon, 19 September 1944 (Fahey collection, U.S. Naval Institute) - verified live 2026-09-30 [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC NH Series, NH 81527 catalog entry
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NHHC photographic record documents series production of LCS(L)(3) hulls at this hull's builder yard - sister ship LCS(L)(3)-50 photographed at Albina Engine and Machine Works, Portland, on 19 September 1944, weeks after LCS-48's commissioning there (26 August 1944).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- Albina construction trades (1944)
- Limitations
- Photograph is of sister hull LCS(L)(3)-50, not this vessel - documents the class production line at the same yard in the same weeks; contains no asbestos or material information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-48-lcsl348-04
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[5]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications block for this hull (diesel plant, no steam); NavSource class index (130 hulls, three yards, Pacific-only service); GAO HRD-80-2 (Navy asbestos-use era covering 1944 construction); Albina/McAllister LHWCA record (builder-yard asbestos exposure, 1956 - ev-06); George Lawley & Sons 'Instructions for LCS(L)(3) Class' and 'Original Plans of LCS(L)(3)' cited by NavSource as specification sources (not publicly digitized - see ev-09) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 050048.htm specification block; NavSource class index 05idx.htm; GAO HRD-80-2; 627 F.3d 1293
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A 1944-built naval amphibious gunboat constructed during the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; as a diesel-powered craft with no boilers or steam system, the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply. Era-standard asbestos applications for a small diesel combatant of this period were: diesel-exhaust and muffler lagging, machinery exhaust-system insulation, gaskets, valve packing, electrical insulation, and compartment/bulkhead insulation within the confined 158-foot hull volume.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Albina construction trades (1944); crew (1944-46); any later custodial/scrapping trades post-1947
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or construction specification naming asbestos was located for LCS(L)(3)-48. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. The Lawley class instructions and Albina build records are undigitized leads that could confirm or defeat specific applications (ev-09).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-48-lcsl348-05
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[6]Albina Engine & Machine Works v. Director, Office of Workers' Compensation Programs (McAllister), 627 F.3d 1293 (9th Cir. 2010), No. 09-70592 - LHWCA death-benefits review [court_record]
- Locator
- 627 F.3d 1293, opinion Part I (Background) and Part II (Burden of Proof); CourtListener opinion 180868
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Published appellate litigation documenting asbestos exposure at this hull's builder yard: James McAllister worked as a shipyard carpenter in Portland, Oregon, in 1956 - first for Willamette Iron & Steel (WISCO), then for Albina - and died in 2002 of mesothelioma. The parties stipulated that his death was due to mesothelioma caused by exposure to asbestos during shipyard employment; the ALJ found on remand that he performed essentially identical work at Albina as at WISCO (which admitted its asbestos exposure) and that Albina had not shown an absence of exposure by a preponderance of the evidence. The Ninth Circuit granted Albina's petition for review on burden-of-proof grounds and assigned liability to Lockheed Shipbuilding as the last covered employer - a final appellate disposition on the liability-allocation question that does not disturb the record's exposure findings at the Albina yard.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1956 employment; 2002 death; 2010 decision
- Population
- Portland-area shipyard trades (Albina, WISCO, Lockheed-Seattle), 1956-1960 exposure window
- Limitations
- Yard-level documentation, not a hull record - the case names the Albina yard (a place of employment), not LCS(L)(3)-48 or any vessel built there. Employment at Albina was 1956 - twelve years after this hull's 1944 construction; it documents that asbestos was present/used at the yard in the post-war era, and by inference the yard's operating practices, but does not itself prove 1944 wartime conditions. Litigation-stage note: Albina was NOT held liable - the Ninth Circuit assigned liability to Lockheed on burden-of-proof/last-employer doctrine; the Albina exposure findings are ALJ/Board-level findings within the record, unrevoked on the merits.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-48-lcsl348-06
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[7]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979; publicly released Oct 22, 1979) - product page verified live 2026-09-30 via Firecrawl render (direct curl returns HTTP 403 to automated fetches) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 Highlights section
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reviewed 'the use of asbestos in Navy ships, the cost of removing asbestos from Navy ships, and compensation programs for asbestos-related disabilities' - program-level documentation that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s, an era that fully covers this hull's 1944 construction.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review (fieldwork yards: Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards)
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Content taken from the product-page highlights/description; the full PDF was not extracted this session.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-48-lcsl348-07
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[8]Batch-5719 search ledger (this record): NavSource main + history pages; NHHC casualties page and NH-series photo catalog; CourtListener API v4 (opinion + docket queries); GAO product page; NPS NPGallery (LCS-102 NRHP 15000716 nomination); uboat.net; Oregon Historical Society; academia.edu-hosted NCDOT underwater-archaeology report; secondary web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lcs-l-3-48-lcsl348-01 through -12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or court record naming USS LCS(L)(3)-48 was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener (authenticated API v4, 2026-09-30) returned zero opinions for 'LCS(L)(3)-48', 'LCS(L)-48', 'LCS-48' + navy/uss/asbestos, 'LSSL-48', 'LCS(L)(3)' asbestos, and 'landing craft support' asbestos; the 'LCS-48' docket search returned only unrelated name-collision material (a commercial bankruptcy). Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case - the only 'asbestos' material on landing-craft types is generic law-firm marketing content (asbestos-ships.com 'Landing Craft Personnel and Asbestos Exposure' and similar), excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 naval combatant built inside the documented asbestos-use era. Deck logs and action reports exist in NARA custody (the crew history was built from them) and the Lawley class design documents are the strongest unfollowed leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-48-lcsl348-08
-
[9]NARA RG 24 deck logs and WWII action reports for LCS(L)(3)-48 (1944-1946) - existence demonstrated by their use in the log-derived crew history (secured by EM3/c John J. Richards); plus George Lawley & Sons 'Instructions for LCS(L)(3) Class' and 'Original Plans of LCS(L)(3)' (design documentation cited as NavSource specification sources) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA RG 24 (deck logs, College Park); NavSource 050048.htm specification-source footnotes
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Primary ship records exist for this hull but are not publicly digitized: the crew history states it was built from 'LCS 48's log and action reports' secured by crewman John J. Richards, and quotes the commissioning deck-log entry and Mariveles action-report commendations verbatim. NARA RG 24 holds WWII deck logs for this era; catalog.archives.gov is JS-rendered and could not be queried for this hull's specific log set this session. The George Lawley & Sons class instruction manual and original LCS(L)(3) plans - cited by NavSource as specification sources - are the design-level leads for construction materials and insulation specification.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946 (records)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: the deck logs and action reports' existence is evidenced by the crew history's verbatim quotations, but the NARA catalog entry for this hull's logs was not directly located (JS-rendered catalog). The Lawley class documents are cited as sources by NavSource but their repository/holding status was not verified. These are the records that could move this hull's asbestos documentation from era-inference to ship-specific.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-48-lcsl348-09
-
[10]Richards & Parker (UNC Coastal Studies Institute), 'Pappy Lane Shipwreck (PAS0001): Public Education and Outreach as a Part of Mitigation for TIP B-2500' - NCDOT-sponsored underwater-archaeology mitigation report tabulating LCS(L)/LCI(L) disposition records (NavSource, Rielly 2013) as candidate hulls [other_primary]
- Locator
- PAS0001 report, hull-disposition appendix table (LCS entries)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Post-Navy disposition research for this hull: the report's hull-disposition appendix records LCS-48 as 'sold to Seattle, WA interests' and notes she 'likely became fishing vessel' (citing Rielly, American Amphibious Gunboats in World War II, 2013, p.353, and NavSource). The PAS0001 wreck itself (Rodanthe, NC) is evaluated as possibly LCS(L)(3)-123 - not this hull.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1947- (disposition)
- Population
- Post-Navy owners/crews, 1947- (unknown)
- Limitations
- Secondary scholarly synthesis of NavSource/Rielly data; 'likely became fishing vessel' is explicit inference - the post-1947 fate remains undocumented ('fate unknown' stands). Accessed via the academia.edu listing and search-indexed text; the full report PDF was not extracted - page-level verification partial.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-48-lcsl348-10