Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
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[1]research packet 505-packet.md (2 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS LCS(L)(3)-65 (hull number only, no name ever assigned)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lcs-l-3-65-lcsl365-pkt-505-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, 'USS LSSL-65 ex USS LCS(L)(3)-65' page - milestone record, campaign table, specifications block (spec source cited: Ships' Data U.S. Naval Vessels, NavShips 250-012, April 15 1945) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/05/050065.htm - header milestone block, Asiatic-Pacific campaign table, specifications block, commanding-officer list
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity, construction, and service milestones for this hull: laid down 16 October 1944 at Albina Engine and Machine Works Inc., Portland OR; launched 14 November 1944; commissioned USS LCS(L)(3)-65 on 26 December 1944, LT. T. B. Bannister USNR in command. WWII assignment: LCS(L)(3) Flotilla Four (CDR. N. Phillips USN), Group Twelve (LCDR. B. D. Voegelin USNR), Division Twenty-Three, Asiatic-Pacific Theater; campaign credit Okinawa Gunto operation, assault and occupation 10 May - 30 June 1945; one battle star for WWII service. Postwar: occupation service 2 September 1945 - 15 February 1946; decommissioned 1 October 1946 at New Orleans; returned to service March 1947 as a Naval Reserve training ship in the 9th Naval District (Naval Training Center Great Lakes; later operating from Reserve Training Center Wheeling WV on the Ohio River - documented there June 1950 and September 1952); redesignated USS LSSL-65 on 28 February 1949; transferred to France and later to Greece as HS Plotarkhis Maridakis; struck from the Naval Register on a date unknown. Class specifications attributed to Ships' Data U.S. Naval Vessels, NavShips 250-012, 15 April 1945: 250 t light / 387 t full load, 158 ft overall, complement 6 officers + 65 enlisted, diesel propulsion (two quad-pack banks of four GM Series 71 diesels per shaft, 1,600 bhp, twin variable-pitch propellers), no boilers.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1976
- Population
- Construction trades (Albina, Portland, Oct-Dec 1944); commissioned crew (1944-46); Naval Reserve training complement (1947-54)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry; milestone dates generally track official records and the spec block is attributed to the 1945 Ships' Data publication, but dates are not independently certified. Two index-page dates conflict with other sources (France transfer shown '30 June 1958'; Greek inactive list shown 1967 vs 1976 elsewhere) - see correction row and gaps. No asbestos or materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-65-lcsl365-01
-
[3]Naval History and Heritage Command, H-gram H-048-2, 'Naval Battle of Okinawa (Continued)' (Director's Corner) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- H-048-2, 'USS Douglas H. Fox (DD-779), 17 May 1945' section; class-casualty summary paragraph
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official Naval History and Heritage Command history places this hull under kamikaze attack at Okinawa: destroyers Douglas H. Fox (DD-779) and Van Valkenburgh (DD-656), 'along with LCS(L)-53, -65, -66, and -67, were at Radar Picket Station No. 9, southwest of Kerama Retto' when a coordinated dusk raid of roughly ten aircraft struck on 17 May 1945. Douglas H. Fox was hit and suffered 10 killed and 35 wounded; LCS(L)-53 downed one kamikaze. The same H-gram records that 12 LCS(L)s were hit by kamikazes and bombs during the Battle of Okinawa, most while assisting destroyers on radar picket stations, with a combined 65 crewmen killed and 103 wounded class-wide.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-05-17
- Population
- crew aboard during Okinawa radar-picket duty (May-June 1945)
- Limitations
- Establishes this hull's presence under coordinated air attack on Radar Picket Station No. 9 on 17 May 1945 - a combat-service fact, not an exposure record. The 65-killed figure is a class-wide total across all LCS(L)s at Okinawa, not casualties aboard this hull; no loss is stated for the 65, and the association history reports the attack on her as 19 May with surviving the war. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-65-lcsl365-02
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[4]NavSource-hosted 'A Brief History of U.S.S. LCS(L)(3) 65', provided by the National Association of USS LCS(L) 1-130 (postwar section credited to crewmember Robert Mullins, yeoman September 1952 - December 1953) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/05/050065h.htm - full narrative text
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Veteran-association narrative of this hull's career: crew of 6 officers and 65 enlisted assembled at Solomons MD, departed 24 November 1944, arriving Portland 29 November; ship departed Portland 5 January 1945 through a storm off the Astoria Bar (with LCS 69 and 89), San Diego 10 January, departed 15 February; one crewman lost overboard 22 February; Pearl Harbor 24 February; Maui UDT berthing support and Kahoolawe bombardment/AA training; via Eniwetok (24-27 April) and Saipan (3-5 May) to Okinawa, arriving 10 May 1945. Assigned radar picket station #9 on 14 May; kamikaze attack on the 65 reported 19 May; then logistics, anti-suicide-boat patrol and smoke screening; Eastern Gun Support Group 1-15 June; Northern Gun Support Group from 15 June; two Japanese swimmers taken prisoner 8 July; departed Okinawa 22 July for Tacloban (26 July); departed 3 September with Flotilla 4 for Tokyo Bay occupation duty, 11 September 1945 - 15 February 1946. Returned via Guam, Eniwetok, Honolulu to Long Beach (San Pedro) 1 April 1946, where an unexplained engine-room flood nearly sank the ship and required a 30-day rebuild; departed 20 June with LCS 69 via the Panama Canal, New Orleans 14 July 1946; decommissioned October 1946; returned to service the following March as a 9th Naval District reserve trainer, later working from Wheeling WV on the Ohio River (still there September 1952, complement reduced to one officer and 20 enlisted); ordered to Sabine TX for mothballing October 1953 but diverted to New Orleans to train Indochina-bound naval personnel (late January 1954); transferred to France; given to the Navy of Greece in 1958 as Maridakis (named for a Greek lieutenant lost in the sinking of submarine HS Proteus); placed on the inactive list 10 July 1976.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1976
- Population
- wartime crew (1944-46); occupation-duty crew (1945-46); reserve-training complement incl. reduced 20-enlisted manning (1947-54); Indochina personnel trained aboard (early 1954)
- Limitations
- Veteran-association narrative hosted on NavSource - participant-authored history, not an official record; core milestones corroborate the NavSource index page and NHHC (radar picket station), but individual dates are not independently certified and the text is internally inconsistent on the Pearl Harbor chronology ('returned to Pearl Harbor on April 17' vs 'left Pearl Harbor April 13th' for the Okinawa transit; Okinawa arrival 10 May is the uncontested endpoint). Its 10 July 1976 inactive-list date conflicts with the NavSource index's 1967 - see correction row. No asbestos or materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-65-lcsl365-03
-
[5]Shipbuilding History (shipbuildinghistory.com), 'Landing Craft, Support (Large) - LCS(L)' construction and disposition table [other_primary]
- Locator
- LCS(L) table, row for hull 65; class-summary header
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Builder and disposition record from the shipbuilding-history construction table: LCS(L) 65 - Albina Engine & Machine Works, Portland OR, FY44, delivered 26 December 1944; disposition line reads 'To France 1954 as Oriflamme (L 9020), returned 1956, to Greece 1958 as Plotharkhis Maridakis, sold 1976.' The same table documents class structure: 130 LCS(L)s built 1944-45 by three yards - George Lawley & Sons (Neponset MA), Albina (Portland OR, hulls 48-78), Commercial Iron Works (Portland OR).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1976
- Population
- Albina construction trades (Oct-Dec 1944)
- Limitations
- Secondary reference compilation (T. Colton), not an official registry - its row corroborates NavSource on build milestones and resolves the foreign-transfer sequence (France 1954, returned 1956, Greece 1958, sold 1976) where the NavSource index line is internally inconsistent. 'Delivered 26-Dec-44' coincides with the documented commissioning date. No asbestos or materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-65-lcsl365-04
-
[6]Era inference built on: NavSource specification block (Ships' Data U.S. Naval Vessels 1945 - diesel propulsion, no steam plant); Corn & Starr, AJIM 11(3):359-373 (1987); GAO HRD-80-2 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 050065.htm specifications block; AJIM 11(3):359-373; GAO product page HRD-80-2
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era inference for this hull: a 158-ft welded-steel diesel gunboat built October-December 1944 at Albina Engine & Machine Works, Portland - inside the WWII emergency Navy shipbuilding program during which asbestos insulation was standard aboard new naval construction. Era-typical applications aboard a diesel-driven amphibious craft of this type: diesel exhaust lagging, thermal and acoustic insulation in machinery spaces, machinery gaskets and valve packing, electrical insulation, and galley/accommodation insulation. The design carried no boilers or steam plant - the boiler/steam-drum lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1976
- Population
- Albina construction trades (Oct-Dec 1944); engine-room and machinery-space crew (1944-54); foreign-service crews (1954-76)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package was located for LCS(L)(3)-65. Names era-standard applications aboard a craft of this type and period, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity, no manufacturer attribution, no present-day-presence statement (the hull left U.S. custody in 1954 and its post-1976 fate is unknown).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-65-lcsl365-05
-
[7]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and program under which this landing-support craft was mass-produced - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization aboard new hulls.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel or its class and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation. DOI resolves to Wiley Online Library (HTTP 403 to automated fetch - a persistent identifier, resolution verified 2026-09-30).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-65-lcsl365-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked to automated fetch, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire U.S. construction and service era (1944-1954) as well as its foreign-service period.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979 (report); construction-era span 1944-1954 for this hull
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; ship crews (program scope)
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetches, confirmed 2026-09-30) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-65-lcsl365-07
-
[9]Albina Engine & Machine v. Director, Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, 627 F.3d 1293 (9th Cir. 2010), docket 09-70592 (CourtListener opinion 180868); U.S. DOL Benefits Review Board, K.M. (widow of J.M.) v. Lockheed Shipbuilding et al., BRB No. 08-0403 (Dec. 30, 2008) [court_record]
- Locator
- CourtListener opinion 180868 (627 F.3d 1293); DOL BRB decision PDF https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/brb/decisions/lngshore/published/08-0403.pdf
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Adjudicated asbestos litigation involving this hull's builder: James R. McAllister worked as a shipyard carpenter at Willamette Iron & Steel (1956), Albina Engine & Machine (1956-1957), and the Puget Sound Bridge & Dry Dock/Lockheed Shipbuilding yard (1957-1960); he died 22 September 2002 of pleural mesothelioma. All parties stipulated that his death was due to mesothelioma caused by occupational asbestos exposure during that shipyard work. His widow's LHWCA section 9 death-benefits claim produced ALJ decisions and three Benefits Review Board dispositions (including BRB No. 08-0403, issued 30 December 2008, affirming Albina as responsible employer), ending in a published Ninth Circuit decision - Albina Engine & Machine v. Director, OWCP, 627 F.3d 1293 (9th Cir. 2010) - reversing the Board on the last-responsible-employer analysis and holding Lockheed liable instead.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1956-1960 (exposure); 2002-2010 (litigation)
- Population
- Albina Engine & Machine Works shipyard trades (decedent's exposure window 1956-57)
- Limitations
- Yard-level (builder-site) litigation at the most final posture in this record - a published appellate decision on stipulated facts. It documents occupational asbestos exposure at the Albina yard that built this hull, BUT (a) the decedent's Albina employment ran 1956-1957, roughly twelve years after this hull was built (Oct-Dec 1944), and (b) the appellate holding assigned liability to Lockheed as the last responsible employer - it is not a finding about Albina's 1944 conditions and does not name or involve this vessel.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-65-lcsl365-08
-
[10]U.S. EPA, Portland Harbor Superfund Site - PRP List (as of December 2018), semspub document [other_primary]
- Locator
- PRP list, 'DIL Trust (Albina Engine and Machine Works; Dillingham Ship Repair)' entry - Swan Island Shipyard / Albina Shipyard
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- The builder's former site is inside the EPA Portland Harbor Superfund program: EPA's December 2018 potentially-responsible-party list names 'DIL Trust (Albina Engine and Machine Works; Dillingham Ship Repair)' with reference to the Swan Island Shipyard and Albina Shipyard sites on the Willamette River, Portland.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2018 (list date); site operating era 1904-1980s
- Population
- n/a - site-level environmental record
- Limitations
- Documents the builder's former yard within the Portland Harbor Superfund program - a site-contamination record, not a hull record. The PRP list does not enumerate contaminants per party; the Portland Harbor listing concerns river-sediment contamination, and no asbestos-specific finding for the Albina parcel is stated in this document. Does not establish any condition aboard this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-65-lcsl365-09
-
[11]Batch-5738 search ledger (this record): NavSource; NHHC DANFS index + H-gram + casualties pages; Naval Vessel Register; Shipbuilding History; CourtListener API v4 (opinions + dockets); DOL Benefits Review Board; EPA semspub; NARA/CourtListener coverage noted [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lcs-l-3-65-lcsl365-01 through -13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming USS LCS(L)(3)-65 / LSSL-65 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener opinion searches on hull-name variants returned zero results; a broader name-variant search returned only name collisions (19th-century 'Oriflamme' admiralty cases and unrelated text); a docket-level query returned mass token-collision results with no qualifying hit identifiable.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 Navy-built hull sits inside the documented era of Navy asbestos insulation use. WWII deck logs and any builder work packages are undigitized archival leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-65-lcsl365-10
-
[12]Cross-source check: NavSource index page vs NavSource-hosted association history vs Shipbuilding History LCS(L) table (same hull, three sources) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 050065.htm header block vs 050065h.htm narrative vs shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/lcsl.htm row 65
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION - the foreign-transfer dates as printed on the NavSource index page are inconsistent with the sources NavSource hosts and with the construction table: (a) the index reads 'transferred to France for service in Indochina, 30 June 1958,' but the association history documents the ship at New Orleans training Indochina-bound naval personnel in late January 1954, and Shipbuilding History records 'to France 1954 as Oriflamme (L 9020), returned 1956, to Greece 1958' - the 30 June 1958 date matches the return-from-France / transfer-to-Greece step, not a 1958 transfer to France; (b) the index shows the Greek inactive-list date as 10 July 1967 while the association history states 10 July 1976 and Shipbuilding History records 'sold 1976' - 1976 is adopted on the weight of two sources; (c) NavSource lists the U.S. Naval Register strike date as unknown - it remains unlocated. Also flagged: the association history's Pearl Harbor chronology ('returned to Pearl Harbor on April 17' then 'left Pearl Harbor April 13th' for the same transit) is internally inconsistent; the Okinawa arrival of 10 May 1945 is uncontested.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1954-1976 (discrepant period)
- Limitations
- Effective dates of the France return and the Greece transfer differ by roughly two years across secondary sources (French disarmament mid-1956 vs U.S.-recorded transfer step 30 June 1958); the sequence France-1954 / Greece-1958 / inactive-and-sold-1976 is adopted as controlling pending official transfer documents. None of this affects the WWII record, which is consistent across all sources.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-65-lcsl365-11