Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]NavSource Online, Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSSL-84 ex USS LCS(L)(3)-84 - hull page, service chronology, awards [other_primary]
- Locator
- Page heading 'USS LSSL-84 ex USS LCS(L)(3)-84 (1944 - 1949)'; service chronology; awards block; commanding-officers table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource identifies this hull as USS LCS(L)(3)-84, later USS LSSL-84. Laid down 30 October 1944 at Commercial Iron Works, Portland, Oregon; launched 19 November 1944; commissioned USS LCS(L)(3)-84, 4 December 1944, LTjg. John A. Naye, USNR, in command. Assigned during World War II to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater: LCS(L)(3) Flotilla Four (CDR N. Phillips USN), LCS(L)(3) Group Twelve (LCDR B. D. Voegelin USNR), LCS(L)(3) Division Twenty-Two; participated in the Okinawa Gunto operation (assault and occupation, 26 March - 30 June 1945). Postwar occupation service in the Far East 2 September - 3 December 1945. Decommissioned 24 May 1946; laid up in the Pacific Reserve Fleet; redesignated Landing Ship Support Large USS LSSL-84, 28 February 1949; transferred on loan to Japan 30 May 1953, named Sawagiku; returned to U.S. Navy custody 31 March 1959; struck from the Naval Register on an unknown date; final disposition listed as fate unknown. Awarded the Navy Unit Commendation and one battle star for World War II service; ribbon array also lists the Combat Action Ribbon, American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (1), World War II Victory Medal, and Navy Occupation Medal (Asia clasp).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1959
- Population
- USS LCS(L)(3)-84 / LSSL-84 crew (1944-1946); JMSDF crew as Sawagiku (1953-1959)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer-compiled photo archive, not an official Navy record; it is the standard ship-specific compilation for numbered amphibious craft and its dates here align with the NARA deck-log inventory and NHHC H-Gram coverage. The page records no asbestos information, no insulation or material inventory, and no exposure data; it documents service history only. Strike date and final disposition are unknown in the source.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-84-lcsl384-01
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[2]NavSource Online, USS LSSL-84 ex USS LCS(L)(3)-84 - specifications block, sourced to NavShips 250-012 Ships' Data U.S. Naval Vessels (15 Apr 1945), Baker Allied Landing Craft of World War II, and George Lawley & Sons LCS(L)(3) instructions and original plans [other_primary]
- Locator
- Specifications section and Specifications Sources list
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource lists this hull at 250 tons light / 387 tons full load displacement, 158 feet overall, 23 feet 8 inches beam, 10-lb STS splinter shield at gun mounts/pilot house/conning tower, and a complement of 6 officers and 65 enlisted. Propulsion: two quad packs of four General Motors 6051-series 71 diesel engines per shaft (1,600 BHP), single General Motors main reduction gears, two diesel-drive 60-kW 450-V AC ship-service generators, twin variable-pitch propellers. Armament: one single 40mm bow mount, two twin 40mm AA mounts, four single 20mm AA mounts, four .50-caliber machine guns, ten Mk 7 rocket launchers. Diesel plant - no steam boilers aboard.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Ship's company during 1944-1946 commissioned service
- Limitations
- Specification block only; it does not identify insulation composition, packing, gaskets, deck covering, or any other asbestos-containing product aboard this hull, and no exposure or causation conclusion follows. Diesel propulsion means the steam-boiler/turbine lagging pathway does not apply; any asbestos-relevant materials would be era-standard non-steam applications, which no source reviewed identifies for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-84-lcsl384-02
-
[3]Naval History and Heritage Command, H-Gram 044: 'Floating Chrysanthemums' - The Naval Battle of Okinawa (3 April 2020) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- H-Gram 044, pp. 17-18 (Bush/Colhoun section, 6 April 1945)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NHHC documents this hull's combat role at Okinawa during Kikusui No. 1 (6 April 1945): while destroyers Bush (DD-529, radar picket station No. 1) and Colhoun (DD-801, radar picket station No. 2) were under massed kamikaze attack, 'a second [kamikaze was] downed by fire from Bush and LCS-84'; and after Colhoun's commanding officer ordered abandon ship, 'LCS-84 picked up about 200 of Colhoun's crew, which were transferred to Cassin Young.' The H-Gram describes the role of LCSs on the radar picket line as adding anti-aircraft fire and acting as rescue vessels, and that they 'occasionally became targets themselves.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 6 April 1945
- Population
- LCS-84 crew; ~200 rescued USS Colhoun survivors embarked briefly
- Limitations
- Official Navy history publication confirming ship-specific combat participation and the Colhoun rescue. Contains no asbestos, material, or exposure content; establishes service context only. The memoir figure of 226 Colhoun survivors (ev-04) is more specific than the H-Gram's 'about 200' - the sources are consistent within rounding and no correction is warranted.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-84-lcsl384-03
-
[4]Richard De Causemaker, Gunner's Mate, 'A Brief History of USS LCS(L) 84' - first-person crew memoir, contributed by the National Association of USS LCS(L) 1-130 (NavSource-hosted) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource history page 050084h.htm, sections I through the recommendation-for-citation text
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A crew member's first-person account of this hull's 1945 service: departed San Diego 8 February 1945; Pearl Harbor 17-26 February; detained six days at Eniwetok; Saipan 18-25 March. On 1 April 1945 the ship made the diversionary feint landing at Okinawa behind a smoke screen, firing forward 40mm guns until both forward magazines were empty, then joined the radar picket line. At Radar Picket Station No. 2 she took off 226 USS Colhoun survivors including seven stretcher cases (two died and were buried at sea en route to Kerama Retto). On anti-suicide-boat 'Skunk' patrol off Hagushi Anchorage she sank two suicide boats. At Radar Picket Station No. 12 she witnessed the sinking of USS Luce and rescued LSM(R)-190 survivors. On 11 May 1945 at Radar Picket Station No. 15, fighting alongside LCS(L)(3)-82, LCS(L)(3)-83, and LSM(R)-195, she took a near-miss kamikaze off the bow, rescued 47 survivors from USS Evans (DD-552), and moored alongside Evans to furnish electrical power for salvage. The memoir reproduces LCDR C. E. Montgomery's recommendation for the Presidential Unit Citation for the 11 May action, noting it 'has not yet been confirmed' at the time of writing. The ship's group was then sent to the Philippines to prepare for the occupation of Japan.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- February-August 1945
- Population
- USS LCS(L)(3)-84 crew (65 enlisted, 6 officers, plus flotilla-group staff embarked)
- Limitations
- First-person crew memoir (primary recollection, not an official record); independently corroborated on the Colhoun rescue by NHHC H-Gram 044 and on command relationships by the NavSource CO table. Individual recollections may differ in detail; the memoir's '157 foot' length and PUC recommendation status differ from recorded specification and awards (see gaps and ev-01). Contains no asbestos or material content. Asbestos relevance is confined to establishing the wartime service context and crew population aboard this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-84-lcsl384-04
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[5]National Archives, Special List #44, by Ship Numbers (NARA deck-log inventory) [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, PDF p. 34, entry 'LCS(L)(3)-84 12/4/1944 6/30/1945'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA Special List #44 records deck-log coverage for LCS(L)(3)-84 beginning 4 December 1944 - the commissioning date carried by NavSource - through 30 June 1945. This confirms the ship was in commission and generating deck logs during the period covering her Pacific transit and the Okinawa campaign.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-12-04 to 1945-06-30
- Population
- U.S. Navy vessel administrative records
- Limitations
- The list documents deck-log series coverage only; it does not establish construction details, daily operations, asbestos content, or individual exposure, and the underlying logs were not retrieved or reviewed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-84-lcsl384-05
-
[6]National Archives, 'Researching Asbestos aboard US Naval Vessel up through 1961,' RG 19 research guide [other_primary]
- Locator
- Research guide sections 'Specifications and Standards' and 'Cartographic Branch,' including S39, S48, and RG 19 Hull Series
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- NARA identifies Navy engineering drawings and specifications relevant to ship-specific asbestos research, including Record Group 19 hull drawings and S39 'Insulation and Lagging' and S48 'Piping' material groups. These records are an archival lead for LCS(L)(3)-84, not evidence that asbestos was aboard this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1940-1961 records; accessed 2026
- Population
- Researchers seeking Navy vessel material records
- Limitations
- This research guide does not name LCS(L)(3)-84 and does not establish any product, quantity, location, condition, or exposure aboard it. The hull-specific RG 19 drawings were not retrieved in this batch.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-84-lcsl384-06
-
[7]U.S. Government Accountability Office, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (18 October 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page highlights, 'use of asbestos in Navy ships' and replacement policy
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reviewed Navy ship asbestos use, removal costs, and worker-protection policy, describing asbestos insulation in Navy ships and a 1979 policy of selectively replacing damaged or repair-obstructing asbestos insulation. This establishes Navy-wide era context relevant to a 1944-built vessel but does not identify LCS(L)(3)-84.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1975-1979 policy and review period
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers and Navy ships in the GAO review
- Limitations
- Program-level evidence only: GAO's review concerned Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards and does not document this hull, its builder, its materials, or any person's exposure. gao.gov blocks automated fetches (HTTP 403, confirmed this session); content taken from the product-page description. No ship-specific asbestos conclusion is drawn.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-84-lcsl384-07
-
[8]CourtListener authenticated API v4 exact-name and hull-number searches (opinions); secondary web litigation sweep [court_record]
- Locator
- Authenticated helper output: opinion count 0 for 'USS LCS(L)(3)-84' and 'LCS(L)(3)-84'; see search_ledger rows sl-uss-lcs-l-3-84-lcsl384-05 through -08
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Authenticated CourtListener opinion searches returned count 0 for exact queries "USS LCS(L)(3)-84" and "LCS(L)(3)-84". No qualifying asbestos-litigation opinion or docket naming this hull was located in the searches completed; secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case naming LCS(L)(3)-84, LSSL-84, or Sawagiku.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- searched 2026-09-30
- Population
- CourtListener indexed opinions and RECAP dockets
- Limitations
- This is a negative search result, not proof that no litigation exists. The LSSL-84 opinion query and the RECAP docket searches were not completed when the helper reported the fleet-wide pacing budget as spent; they are logged as pending/blocked in the search ledger, and no anonymous or unauthenticated requests were made.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-84-lcsl384-08
-
[9]NavSource Online, USS LSSL-84 ex USS LCS(L)(3)-84 - commanding-officers table vs crew memoir (ev-04) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 050084.htm commanding-officers table; NavSource 050084h.htm memoir (Coogan as XO; Naye as captain)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION: NavSource's commanding-officers table lists 'LTjg. Coogan Jr., John H., USNR - December 1944 - 1946,' overlapping LTjg. Naye's listed tenure (4 December 1944 - December 1945). The crew memoir places 'Ensign J. H. Coogan, Executive Officer' aboard in March 1945 while 'our Captain, Lt. J. A. Naye' commanded through the Okinawa operations - Coogan's start as commanding officer is almost certainly December 1945, not December 1944. The record carries Naye as commissioning CO and Coogan's assumption as December 1945 (inferred from Naye's end date).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Limitations
- Corrects an apparent one-year typo in the source's CO table, not a material or asbestos claim. The corrected date is inference from the memoir's XO reference and Naye's tenure end, not an independently documented date.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-84-lcsl384-09
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[10]Research sweep negative finding: NavSource hull page and class index; NHHC H-Gram 044; NARA Special List #44; NARA asbestos research guide; GAO HRD-80-2 product page; DANFS amphibious index (no LCS(L)(3) hulls listed); NVR (no entry; Navy login required); secondary web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lcs-l-3-84-lcsl384-01 through -09
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos application, survey, abatement record, hazmat disclosure, or asbestos product identification was located in the accessible sources reviewed for USS LCS(L)(3)-84 / LSSL-84 / Sawagiku. Ship-specific asbestos documentation is therefore unknown, not presumed absent.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- Research through 2026-09-30
- Population
- Ship-specific public records
- Limitations
- A bounded negative research result is not proof that asbestos was absent. NARA RG 19 hull drawings (S39/S48 material groups), the NARA-held 1944-45 deck logs, builder records for Commercial Iron Works, and Japanese-custody disposal records are undigitized leads. Litigation coverage is incomplete: opinion searches for two exact forms returned zero, while the LSSL-84 opinion query and RECAP docket searches remained pending under the fleet pacing limit at research time.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-84-lcsl384-10