Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
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[1]research packet 509-packet.md (5 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lcs-l-3-93-lcsl393-pkt-509-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSSL-93 ex USS LCS(L)(3)-93 - construction, commissioning, unit assignments, campaign table, specifications (sourced to NavShips 250-012 and builder literature), awards, and disposal [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/05/050093.htm, ship data block, campaign table, specifications block, commanding-officer list
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 4 December 1944 at Commercial Iron Works, Portland, Oregon; launched 23 December 1944; commissioned USS LCS(L)(3)-93, 13 January 1945, LT. C. F. Botright USNR in command. Assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater in LCS(L)(3) Flotilla Four (CDR N. Phillips USN), Group Twelve (LCDR B. D. Voegelin USNR), Division Twenty-Four; campaign credit: Okinawa Gunto operation, assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto, 10 May to 30 June 1945. Occupation service in the Far East 2 September 1945 to 10 March 1946. Decommissioned, date unknown; redesignated Landing Ship Support Large USS LSSL-93, 28 February 1949; struck from the Naval Register, date unknown. Earned one battle star for WWII service. Final disposition: sold for scrapping to The Learner Company, Alameda CA, 16 March 1951 for $10,870. Spec block (sourced to Ships' Data U.S. Naval Vessels, NavShips 250-012, 15 April 1945, and Lawley builder literature): 250 t light / 387 t full load; 158 ft o.a.; beam 23'8"; propulsion two quad packs of 4 General Motors 6051-series 71 diesel engines per shaft, 1,600 BHP total, GM main reduction gears, twin variable-pitch propellers, two diesel-driven 60 kW 450 V AC ship's-service generators; armament one twin 40mm bow mount, two twin 40mm AA mounts, four single 20mm AA mounts, four .50-cal machine guns, ten Mk 7 rocket launchers; 10-lb STS splinter shields; complement 6 officers + 65 enlisted.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1951
- Population
- Commercial Iron Works construction trades (1944); commissioning crew under LT Botright (1945); occupation-service crew (1945-46)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific timeline, specifications, and disposal only; no asbestos or material content. NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation - its milestone dates generally track official records but are not a primary registry; decommissioning and striking dates are not stated by the source. Verified live (HTTP 200) 2026-09-30 at navsource.net.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-93-lcsl393-01
-
[3]ShipbuildingHistory (T. Colton), Commercial Iron Works, Portland OR - wartime construction table [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com Commercial Iron Works table, hull 205 row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The builder's production table lists yard hull number 205 as LCS(L) 93, US Navy landing craft, 250 tons, 159 ft, delivered/commissioned 13-Jan-45, disposition 'Scrapped 1951' - corroborating the NavSource timeline and fixing the hull's yard number.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1951
- Population
- Commercial Iron Works construction trades (1944)
- Limitations
- Specialist secondary compilation corroborating construction identity, yard number, and scrapping year; contains no asbestos content. 'Scrapped 1951' is consistent with the 16 March 1951 sale date in ev-01.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-93-lcsl393-02
-
[4]Era inference built on: NavSource spec block (all-diesel GM plant; confined 158-ft combatant hull); NavSource LCS(L)(3) class index and operational description (construction at Commercial Iron Works 1944-45); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-era program context (see ev-04) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 050093.htm spec block; NavSource 05idx.htm class index; GAO HRD-80-2 (ev-04)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- An amphibious gunboat built December 1944 - January 1945 at a wartime Portland yard sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-insulation era; era-standard applications aboard a small diesel combatant of this type and period were thermal insulation on machinery and diesel exhaust runs, gaskets and valve packing, electrical insulation, and interior/joiner insulation in the confined hull volume. As an all-diesel craft she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply, but the confined-space exposure dynamic of a 158-foot hull applies with full force.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1951
- Population
- Commercial Iron Works construction trades (1944-45); crew (1945-decommissioning); Learner Co. shipbreakers, Alameda (1951)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, builder work package, or maintenance record located for this hull. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-93-lcsl393-03
-
[5]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (Dec 1944 - Jan 1945) and service era (1945-circa 1951).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved - gao.gov blocks automated fetch (HTTP 403, re-confirmed 2026-09-30); content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-93-lcsl393-04
-
[6]National Association of USS LCS(L) 1-130 research page (mightymidgets.org): documents NARA College Park holdings of official deck logs and action reports for the LCS(L) ships (Textual Reference), LCS(L) plans on microfilm (Cartographic Section), and the L. Richard Rhame Papers / LCS(L) Collection at the Naval Historical Center Operational Archives Branch, Washington Navy Yard; plus NARA-held photography of this hull via NavSource captions [other_primary]
- Locator
- mightymidgets.org/page1.htm (Researching the LCS(L)(3) Ships); NavSource 050093.htm photo captions
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Primary-source records for this hull exist but are undigitized: official deck logs and action reports for the LCS(L) ships are held in NARA College Park Textual Reference, class plans are on microfilm in the NARA Cartographic Section, and the L. Richard Rhame Papers (the LCS(L) Collection) at the NHHC Operational Archives Branch hold association-donated photos, letters, and documents. NARA-derived photographs place this specific hull at Commercial Iron Works in January 1945 (with LCS(L)(3)-92 and -94, awaiting completion after launch) and moored pierside at Yokosuka, Japan, circa late 1945 (with LCS(L)(3)-95, -67, -89, and -81) - captions transcribed by NavSource, contributed by the Association.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945
- Population
- Commissioning crew (Jan 1945, CIW); occupation-duty crew (Yokosuka, late 1945)
- Limitations
- Archival leads only: photographs establish physical presence at the builder and at Yokosuka, not work performed or materials aboard; deck logs/action reports are held at NARA but undigitized and not examined. NARA catalog is JS-rendered and could not be independently fetched this session; photo attribution transcribed via NavSource captions. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-93-lcsl393-05
-
[7]Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 'Zidell Waterfront Property Cleanup' (2012 community presentation, S. Manzano) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Oregon DEQ Zidell Waterfront Property Cleanup PDF (Background; Site Contaminants; Summer 2010 Upland Remedial Action slides)
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- Oregon DEQ documents the builder's waterfront - the former Commercial Iron Works yard where this hull was built - as a contaminated site: the ironworks shipyard operated before and during WWII (building, repair, and salvage of ships), was purchased by Zidell in 1946, and dismantled 336 ships over 30 years with waste used as site fill. Listed site contaminants include asbestos; the 2010 upland remedial action included an asbestos abatement project with certified workers, air monitoring, and bulk ACM disposal.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1940s-2011 (site); asbestos abatement 2010
- Population
- CIW construction trades (WWII era); Zidell shipbreakers (1946-c.1970s); remediation/abatement workers (2010-2011)
- Limitations
- Site-level government record for the builder yard, not a hull record - does not name this vessel. The documented asbestos derives substantially from the post-1946 shipbreaking waste stream (material stripped from dismantled surplus ships, largely of WWII vintage) and establishes asbestos presence in the construction/shipbreaking environment, not aboard this specific hull. Does not establish quantity, individual exposure, or hull-specific materials.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-93-lcsl393-06
-
[8]U.S. Coast Guard, Regulated Navigation Area, Zidell Waterfront Property, Willamette River, OR, 77 FR 19544 (2 April 2012) [federal_register]
- Locator
- 77 FR 19544 (document no. 2012-7784); federalregister.gov API v1 document record
- Finding type
- regulatory
- Finding
- Federal regulatory documentation corroborating the builder-site environmental record: the Coast Guard established a Regulated Navigation Area on the Willamette River at the Zidell Waterfront Property to protect an engineered sediment cap placed over contaminated sediments as part of the Oregon DEQ-required remedial action; the site was historically used for shipbuilding and dismantling, scrap metal operations, wire burning, and aluminum smelting, and site soils/sediments contain metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, PAHs, PCBs, and tributyltin.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2012
- Population
- Site remediation and river-traffic context (2012)
- Limitations
- Federal rule documenting the contaminated-site remedy at the builder's former waterfront; does not name this hull, does not itself list asbestos (the DEQ record does - see ev-06), and does not establish materials aboard this or any specific vessel. Verified via the FederalRegister.gov API (canonical URL and citation confirmed); the HTML page CAPTCHA-blocks automated fetch - content confirmed via API fields and a public FR mirror.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-93-lcsl393-07
-
[9]National Register of Historic Places, NRIS 15000716 - LCS-102 (landing craft support), Vallejo, Solano County, CA (listed 13 October 2015); nomination draft via California Office of Historic Preservation [nps]
- Locator
- NPS NRIS asset 15000716; CA OHP NR registration-form draft (ohp.parks.ca.gov), Sections 5 and 7
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The sole surviving ship of this class, LCS(L)(3)-102 - also built by Commercial Iron Works, Portland (laid down 13 January 1945, six weeks after this hull) - is listed on the National Register (NRIS 15000716). Its nomination records a shallow-draft welded-steel gunboat 158 ft long, 23'3" beam, 387 tons full load / 250 tons light, retaining approximately 80% original integrity, with original hydraulics and steering gear, original ordnance-stores/magazine compartment fittings, and restoration emphasizing WWII appearance; the largest single integrity loss is replacement of the main engines.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-2015
- Population
- LCS-102 museum restoration volunteers (2007-present); Mare Island drydock trades (2018)
- Limitations
- Class-level material-survival documentation for a same-builder sister ship, not this hull - nothing in the nomination addresses asbestos or hazardous materials, and the nomination's interior descriptions do not itemize insulation. Establishes that the class's original materials survive in large part on a sister hull; does not establish what those materials contained.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-93-lcsl393-08
-
[10]In the Matter of the Appeals of The Learner Company et al., California State Board of Equalization opinion 80-SBE-103; Learner Co. v. Alameda County, 234 Cal.App.2d 278 (1965) [court_record]
- Locator
- OTA-hosted SBE opinion 80-SBE-103 PDF (business description); Learner Co. v. Alameda County, 44 Cal.Rptr. 535
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The scrapper named in this hull's disposal is documented in official California records: the State Board of Equalization describes The Learner Company as a California corporation engaged in buying, processing, and selling scrap metals, headquartered in Oakland and operating salvage yards in California and Utah; the Court of Appeal in Learner Co. v. Alameda County (234 Cal.App.2d 278, 1965) describes the company owning ships in Alameda County held for reduction to scrap - the business into which this hull was sold 16 March 1951.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1951 (disposal); 1959-1965 (litigation documenting the business)
- Population
- Learner Company shipbreakers / salvage-yard workers, Alameda (1951)
- Limitations
- Documents the scrapping business only - a tax dispute, not an exposure or materials record, and neither case names this vessel. Establishes the disposal pathway (ship-scrapping yard, Alameda, CA) for a hull sold in 1951, before modern ACM-handling regulation; no hazmat or material record for the breakup was located.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-93-lcsl393-09
-
[11]uboat.net Allied Warships, USS LCS(L)-93 entry - secondary compilation data with a defective commissioning date [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/22325.html data table
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION: the uboat.net record for this hull prints 'Commissioned 16 Jan 1944' - an impossible date that precedes both her laying-down (4 December 1944) and launching (23 December 1944). The commissioning date of record is 13 January 1945 (NavSource; corroborated by the ShipbuildingHistory builder table, hull 205). The same secondary record's order date of 23 June 1944 is plausible for the contract but is unverified against contract records - carried in gaps, not asserted.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Limitations
- Corrects a circulating transcription error, not a material claim. uboat.net is a reputable secondary compilation, not a primary registry; its dates here conflict internally (commissioned before launched) and with the corroborating records.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-93-lcsl393-10
-
[12]NavSource LCS(L)(3)/LSSL class index and operational description pages (05idx.htm, 05func.htm); class scholarship: Rielly, Mighty Midgets at War (Hellgate Press, 2000) and Kamikazes, Corsairs, and Picket Ships: Okinawa, 1945 (Casemate, 2008), described at kamikazeimages.net [other_primary]
- Locator
- navsource.net/archives/10/05/05idx.htm class index header; 05func.htm operational description; kamikazeimages.net/books/general/rielly/ and /books/ships/lcs/
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Class-level operational context for this hull's design and service: 130 LCS(L)(3)s were built during WWII on the LCI(L) hull, designed by George Lawley & Sons of Neponset, MA, and produced by Lawley plus Albina Engine & Machine Works and Commercial Iron Works of Portland, OR; the class served only in the Pacific campaign. Conceived for close-in fire support of assault landings and inter-island barge interception, LCS(L)s at Okinawa were additionally designated radar-picket support craft serving with the picket-station ships; documented class losses to kamikazes include LCS(L)(3)-33 (12 April 1945) and LCS(L)(3)-15 (22 April 1945). In 1949 the survivors were redesignated Landing Ship Support, Large (LSSL); 53 were transferred to the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force beginning in 1952. Rielly's documented study (secondary-attributed figures) counts 88 LCS(L)s assigned to picket stations, 2 sunk, 11 damaged.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1952
- Population
- LCS(L) crews class-wide, Okinawa (Apr-Jun 1945)
- Limitations
- Class-level context only - does not establish that THIS hull stood a radar picket station; the Okinawa Gunto campaign credit (10 May - 30 Jun 1945) in ev-01 establishes theater participation, not a specific picket assignment. The aggregate picket figures are secondary-attributed to Rielly's monographs via the kamikazeimages.net book pages, not verified page-by-page. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-93-lcsl393-12
-
[13]Batch-5769 search ledger (this record): NavSource ship and class pages; ShipbuildingHistory builder table; NHHC/DANFS index checks; NVR; NARA catalog and archival leads; NPS NRIS + CA OHP nomination; Oregon DEQ; Federal Register API; National Association of USS LCS(L) 1-130 archive site; CourtListener API v4 opinion and RECAP docket indexes; secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lcs-l-3-93-lcsl393-01 through -12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming USS LCS(L)(3)-93 / USS LSSL-93 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). No individual DANFS entry exists for this hull, and the Naval Vessel Register carries no ship detail record (vessels disposed of before 1987 are not included). CourtListener returned zero results for 'LCS(L)(3)-93', 'LCS(L)-93', 'LSSL-93', 'LCSL-93', 'LCS-93', and 'USS LCS(L)' in the opinion index and for 'LCS(L)(3)-93', 'LCS(L)-93', 'LCSL-93', and 'LSSL-93' in the RECAP docket index; a '"landing craft support" asbestos' opinion query likewise returned none. Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case; the only 'asbestos' material found is law-firm marketing content about the builder yard generally (e.g., mesowatch.org on Commercial Iron Works) asserting asbestos use without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the all-welded-steel diesel gunboat's construction in the Navy's asbestos-insulation era and the documented asbestos contamination of the builder's shipbreaking waterfront are consistent with era-standard materials. CourtListener full-text indexes cover only published/indexed opinions and RECAP dockets; PACER party-name coverage for an unmanned numbered hull is inherently thin, and state-court filings naming the hull would not be captured. NARA deck logs, action reports, and builder work packages are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-93-lcsl393-11