Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
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[1]research packet 509-packet.md (2 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (identity, builder, Japan transfer confirmed; laid-down/launch/commission dates UNVERIFIABLE as distinct claims from reachable sources)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lcs-l-3-94-lcsl394-pkt-509-packet-md
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[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSSL-94 ex USS LCS(L)(3)-94 - build dates, builder, commissioning, flotilla assignment, campaign credit, designations, transfer/return dates, specifications (compiled from Ships' Data U.S. Naval Vessels, NavShips 250-012, 15 April 1945; Baker, Allied Landing Craft of WWII; Lawley class instructions and plans) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource page 050094, timeline block + specifications block + commanding-officers table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Compiled record for this hull: laid down 4 December 1944 at Commercial Iron Works, Portland, Oregon; launched 23 December 1944; commissioned USS LCS(L)(3)-94, 16 January 1945, LT. J. L. Cronk, USNR, in command. Assigned Asiatic-Pacific Theater, LCS(L)(3) Flotilla Four (CDR. N. Phillips USN), Group Twelve (LCDR. B. D. Voegelin USNR), Division Twenty-Four; Okinawa Gunto operation, assault and occupation, 10 May - 30 June 1945; occupation service in the Far East 2 September 1945 - 5 March 1946; decommissioned (date not given) and laid up in the Pacific Reserve Fleet; redesignated Landing Ship Support Large USS LSSL-94, 28 February 1949; transferred to Japan 30 May 1953, renamed Suiren; returned to U.S. Navy custody 24 October 1969; struck from the Naval Register, date unknown; one battle star for WWII service; fate unknown. Specifications: 250 t light / 387 t full; 158 ft oa; two quad packs of four GM series-71 diesels per the class (1,600 bhp); twin variable-pitch propellers; two diesel-driven 60 kW 450 VAC generators; complement 6 officers, 65 enlisted.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1969
- Population
- Commercial Iron Works construction trades (1944-45); wartime and occupation-era crew (design complement 6 officers, 65 enlisted)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a compiled archival photo/history site, not a federal publication - but it is the standard repository for unnamed amphibious craft and cites NavShips 250-012, the Lawley class instructions, and NARA photography as sources. Documents identity, dates, service, and specifications only - contains no asbestos, materials, or industrial-hygiene information and establishes nothing about materials aboard this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl394-01
-
[3]Naval Cover Museum (Universal Ship Cancellation Society) wiki, LCS(L)(3) 94 - ship name and designation history, campaign credit, postmark record [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavalCoverMuseum wiki page LCS(L)(3)_94, 'Ship Name and Designation History' + 'Other Information'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Designation chain for this hull as carried by the Naval Cover Museum wiki: USS LCS(L)(3)-94 (keel laid December 4 1944; launched December 23 1944; commissioned January 16 1945 - decommissioned August 5 1946, laid up in Pacific Reserve Fleet); LSSL-94 (reclassified Landing Ship Support Large February 28 1949, while in reserve); JDS SUIREN, Japanese naval service (transferred to Japan May 30 1953 and renamed; returned to U.S. custody October 24 1969; struck from the U.S. Naval Register, date unknown; fate unknown). Confirms the one-battle-star Okinawa Gunto credit and posts a 1946 postmark.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1969
- Population
- Crew 1945-46 (commissioned period); postal/philatelic record 1946
- Limitations
- Secondary compiled wiki maintained by a collectors' society - the only source located carrying the 5 August 1946 decommissioning date, hence partial verification; dates otherwise agree with NavSource. Contains no asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl394-02
-
[4]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications for this hull (all-diesel GM series-71 quad-pack plant, twin variable-pitch screws); NPS NRHP nomination for sister ship LCS-102 (ev-04 - all-welded steel construction, same machinery arrangement); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos program record (ev-07) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specifications block; NPS Form 10-900 (LCS-102) sections 7-8; GAO HRD-80-2 product record
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered amphibious gunboat built in 1944-45 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era (GAO: substitution of alternative insulation materials did not begin until the early 1970s). With no steam plant, the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of larger vessels does not apply; era-standard asbestos applications aboard a vessel of this type and period were engine and exhaust lagging, gaskets, valve and machinery packing, electrical insulation and cable, and interior joiner/deck materials. GAO described asbestos in components such as clutches and electric cables even aboard late-construction ships; a 1944-45 hull predates all substitution policy.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1969
- Population
- Commercial Iron Works construction trades (1944-45); crew 1945-46; reserve-fleet and transfer-preparation workers; Japanese service crews 1953-69
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, or build specification located for LCS(L)(3)-94. Names era-standard application categories, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. No manufacturer attribution for this hull. The Lawley class instruction book (extant in archives, not digitized) is the likeliest primary source to confirm or refute installed materials.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl394-03
-
[5]National Register of Historic Places registration form (NPS Form 10-900, draft), LCS-102, Solano County, CA - U.S. Department of the Interior / California Office of Historic Preservation [nps]
- Locator
- NPS Form 10-900 draft, sections 7 (narrative description) and 8 (statement of significance; architect/builder 'Commercial Iron Works')
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official nomination record for the sole surviving class hull, sister ship LCS(L)(3)-102 (also built by Commercial Iron Works): the class comprised 130 vessels contracted 1944-45; all-welded steel construction; 158 ft length, 23 ft 3 in beam, 387 tons full load; propulsion of four GMC 6-71 diesels separately clutched into a 'quad' pack per shaft; GMC 6-71-driven 65 kW 450 V 3-phase generators; auxiliary machinery including a heating boiler and fresh-water evaporator; crew of 65 enlisted and 6 officers. Confirms the physical configuration of the class to which this hull belonged.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946 (period of significance); nomination circa 2015
- Population
- Class construction trades 1944-45; class crews
- Limitations
- Nomination concerns sister ship LCS-102, not LCS(L)(3)-94 - class-level construction description only. The document contains no asbestos, insulation-content, or hazardous-material information whatsoever; it neither establishes nor excludes asbestos aboard any hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl394-04
-
[6]Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 'Zidell Waterfront Property Cleanup' (2012 presentation, Scott Manzano, DEQ) - site history, contaminants, remedial milestones for the former Commercial Iron Works / Zidell property, Portland [other_primary]
- Locator
- DEQ presentation slides: Background, Site Contaminants, Regulatory Milestones, Summer 2010 Upland Remedial Action
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- Oregon DEQ documentation of the builder's yard site: 'Ironworks shipyard before WWII'; 'Building, repair and salvage of Victory Ships during WWII'; 'Purchased by Zidell in 1946: 336 ships dismantled over 30 years - scrap sold, waste used as site fill.' Listed site contaminants in groundwater, upland soil, and riverbed sediment include asbestos; the 2010 upland remedial action included an 'asbestos abatement project - all workers certified, air monitoring, bulk ACM disposal.' Cleanup governed by a 2005 Record of Decision and 2006 consent decree; certification of completion issued 2018.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1916-2018 (site history); 2005-2011 (remedy)
- Population
- Zidell shipbreaking workers (1946-1970s); remediation workers 2010-2011
- Limitations
- Yard-site environmental record, not a vessel record - it documents contamination of the Commercial Iron Works property, dominated by Zidell's post-war ship-dismantling operation (336 vessels cut up over ~30 years) and other industrial use. It does not document materials installed aboard LCS(L)(3)-94 or any specific hull, does not distinguish construction-era (1944-45) conditions from scrapping-era deposition, and says nothing about crew exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl394-05
-
[7]National Association of USS LCS(L) 1-130 (Landing Craft Support Museum), 'Researching the LCS(L)(3) Ships' - repository guide: NARA College Park deck logs/action reports, still photographs, microfilm plans; NHHC Operational Archives L. Richard Rhame Papers / LCS(L) Collection [museum_official]
- Locator
- mightymidgets.org research page; NavSource photo caption (US National Archives photo, LCS(L)(3)-92/-93/-94, Commercial Iron Works, January 1945)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Repository map for this hull's primary records: all official LCS(L) deck logs and action reports are held in the Textual Reference Room at NARA College Park (RG 24), with still photographs in the Photographic Section and class plans on microfilm in Cartographic; the NHHC Operational Archives at the Washington Navy Yard holds the L. Richard Rhame Papers / LCS(L) Collection donated by the association. A U.S. National Archives photograph (per the NavSource caption) shows LCS(L)(3)-92, -93 and -94 fitting out at Commercial Iron Works in January 1945. None of this material is digitized for this hull; no history narrative exists for LCS(L)(3)-94 in the association's 59-hull published set.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946 (record coverage)
- Limitations
- Lead-only row: identifies where hull-level material records may exist; no underlying document was retrieved, and nothing in these repositories is shown to address asbestos. NARA's deck-log digitization has prioritized Vietnam-era logs (Blue Water Navy Act), so the 1945-46 logs for this hull are not expected online.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl394-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked to automated fetch, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented Navy-wide asbestos practice for the era in which this hull was built: asbestos insulation was used extensively aboard ships, all ships contained some asbestos in components such as clutches and electric cables, and the Navy did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1944-45) and U.S. service era (1945-46 active, reserve through 1953).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979 (report); era coverage through early 1970s
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved by automated fetch (gao.gov returns HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-09-30) - content confirmed via the product-page description and search-indexed full text of the PDF at gao.gov/assets/hrd-80-2.pdf.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl394-07
-
[9]Batch-5770 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS; Naval Vessel Register; NavSource; Naval Cover Museum; NPS/CA OHP NRHP nomination (sister hull LCS-102); Oregon DEQ; GAO; NARA deck-log program; National Association of USS LCS(L) 1-130; secondary web litigation sweep; CourtListener (blocked) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lcsl394-01 through sl-uss-lcsl394-11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no insulation or material survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS LCS(L)(3)-94 / LSSL-94 / JDS Suiren was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CAVEAT: CourtListener could not be queried this session - the authenticated helper returned its fleet-pacing throttle notice on five spaced attempts over ~55 minutes (one attempt passed the pacing gate but timed out reading the API response); logged as blocked, not as a negative result. Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case; the only 'asbestos aboard' material located is law-firm marketing content listing hull types without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - and the litigation repository search is a genuine open gap (throttled, not run). NARA deck logs, builder's specifications (Lawley class instruction book), and Japanese-service records are undigitized or unexamined leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcsl394-08