Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
-
[1]research packet 509-packet.md (5 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lcs-l-3-95-lcsl395-pkt-509-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSSL-95 ex USS LCS(L)(3)-95 (1945-1949) - build/milestone timeline, flotilla assignment, campaign credit, specification block, disposition [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/05/050095.htm header block, campaign table, specifications block (sources: NavShips 250-012; Baker, Allied Landing Craft of WWII; Lawley class instructions/plans)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Timeline for this hull: laid down 7 December 1944 at Commercial Iron Works, Portland, Oregon; launched 3 January 1945; commissioned USS LCS(L)(3)-95 on 20 January 1945, Lt. D. Bowerman USNR in command. Asiatic-Pacific Theater: LCS(L)(3) Flotilla Four (Cdr. N. Phillips USN), Group Twelve (Lt. Cmdr. B. D. Voegelin USNR), Division Twenty-Four. Campaign: Okinawa Gunto operation - assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto, 17 May to 30 June 1945; one battle star. Occupation service in the Far East 2 September 1945 to 5 March 1946. Decommissioned, date unknown. Redesignated Landing Ship Support Large USS LSSL-95, 28 February 1949. Transferred to Ryukyuan Coast Guard 12 March 1952; transferred to Taiwan 19 February 1954 (NavSource prints the Taiwan name as 'Lien Jen (LSSL-273)' - corrected to Lian Yong 聯勇 at ev-05). Struck from the Naval Register, date unknown. Scrapped by Taiwanese Navy 1971. Spec block (NavShips 250-012, 15 Apr 1945): 250 t lt / 387 t fl; 158' o.a.; 23'8" beam; 2 quad packs of 4 GM 6-71 diesels per shaft, 1,600 bhp, twin variable-pitch propellers; complement 6 officers + 65 enlisted; armament twin 40mm bow, two twin 40mm AA, four single 20mm, four .50-cal, ten Mk 7 rocket launchers.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1971
- Population
- Commercial Iron Works construction trades (1944-45); crew (1945-c.1952); Ryukyuan Coast Guard crew (1952-54); ROCN crew (1954-69); Taiwanese scrappers (1971)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestone dates track DANFS/NVR where those exist; no DANFS entry exists for this hull (numbered landing craft were not covered). Decommission and stricken dates are not stated anywhere. The page carries no asbestos or material content. The printed Taiwan name is corrected at ev-05.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-95-lcsl395-01
-
[3]National Archives, Special List 44 - List of Logbooks of US Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (ship-number list), p. 34; RG 24 Entry 118 (NAID 581208) [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf p. 34, line 'LCS(L)(3)-95 1/20/1945 6/30/1945'; digitized-logs index https://www.archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/navy-online (no LCS entries)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA Special List 44 inventories Navy deck logs for LCS(L)(3)-95 covering 20 January 1945 - 30 June 1945 (entry reads 'LCS(L)(3)-95 1/20/1945 6/30/1945'). This dated log coverage independently establishes commissioned WWII service for the hull; the coverage start coincides with the 20 January 1945 commissioning date recorded by NavSource. The logs are physical holdings of RG 24 Entry 118 at Archives II, College Park; NARA's digitized deck-log index lists no LCS(L) hull - the logs are not digitized.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945 (holdings coverage); inventory verified 2026-09-30
- Population
- Commissioned crew, 20 Jan - 30 Jun 1945 window (log subjects)
- Limitations
- Establishes that deck logs exist and their date coverage - not their contents. Log-coverage dates are holdings dates, not commissioning or decommissioning records per se. Nothing beyond 30 June 1945 is inventoried for this hull in SL-44; any post-war logbooks are a separate holdings question. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-95-lcsl395-02
-
[4]ShipbuildingHistory, Commercial Iron Works (Portland OR) production table - builder hull numbers, deliveries, dispositions [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/small/commercial.htm, row '207 | LCS(L) 95'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The builder's production table lists yard hull 207 as 'LCS(L) 95', US Navy Landing Craft, 250 tons, 159 ft, dated 20-Jan-45, disposition 'To Ryukyu 1952, to Taiwan 1954 as Lien Jen (LSSL 273), scrapped 1971' - corroborating the NavSource commission date and the Ryukyu/Taiwan transfer chain. The table also documents the yard's LCS(L) production runs: LCS(L) 26-47 (yard hulls 169-190, reordered from cancelled LCI(L) 845-865) and LCS(L) 79-108 (yard hulls 191-220, reordered from cancelled LCI(L) 929-942 plus extensions) - this hull sits in the second run.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1971
- Population
- Commercial Iron Works trades (1944-45)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation of builder/production records, not the underlying contract documents. Corroborates dates and disposition chain; prints 'Lien Jen' like NavSource - the name is corrected to Lian Yong 聯勇 per the ROC MND source (ev-05). The table's date column corresponds to delivery/commissioning (20-Jan-45 matches NavSource's commissioning). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-95-lcsl395-03
-
[5]Republic of China Ministry of National Defense (Taiwan) publication, '老軍艦的故事' (Stories of Old Warships) sidebar - Lian Yong warship entry (1 June 2013 publication, p. 81) [other_primary]
- Locator
- mnd.gov.tw/File/18258, '老軍艦的故事 聯勇軍艦' sidebar, p. 81
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- ROC Navy official-account detail for this hull's Taiwan career: a fire-support landing ship built by Commercial Iron Works, U.S. number LSSL-95; transferred by the United States to the Republic of China at Yokosuka, Japan, on 19 February 1954 (ROC year 43-02-19) under the Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty; formally commissioned into the ROCN 5 May 1954 (ROC 43-05-05) and named 聯勇 - Lian Yong (Wade-Giles Lien Yung) - numbered LSSL-273, assigned to the landing fleet for coastal patrol and offshore-island personnel transport and exercises; decommissioned 1 November 1969 (ROC year 58-11-01) because the hull was aged and beyond economical repair.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1954-1969 (ROCN career)
- Population
- ROCN crew of Lian Yong (LSSL-273), 1954-1969
- Limitations
- The MND sidebar's heading prints 'LSSL-271' while its body says LSSL-273 - an internal typo; body detail carried. The sidebar also prints 'launched/commissioned 12 November 1944' which cannot be right (predates her documented 7 December 1944 laying-down) - that date is treated as an error and logged in gaps. Official history sidebar, not a registry extract; ROCN logs/muster records would be the primary source.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-95-lcsl395-04
-
[6]Name cross-check: ROC MND 'Stories of Old Warships' (Lian Yong 聯勇, LSSL-273) vs NavSource 10/05/050095.htm and shipbuildinghistory.com ('Lien Jen (LSSL-273)') vs Wikipedia List of Republic of China Navy ships ('Lian Yong LCI-273 (ex USN LSSL-95)'; 'Lian Ren LCI-272 (ex USN LSSL-56)') [other_primary]
- Locator
- mnd.gov.tw/File/18258 p. 81 sidebar body; navsource.net 050095 transfer line; shipbuildinghistory.com row 207; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republic_of_China_Navy_ships
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION: Western secondary compilations (NavSource, shipbuildinghistory, and Japanese fan-lexicon uswarships.jounin.jp) print this hull's Taiwan name as 'Lien Jen (LSSL-273)'. The ROC Navy's own publication records LSSL-273 as 聯勇 - Lian Yong (Wade-Giles Lien Yung) - and Wikipedia's ROCN ship list concurs, listing 'Lian Yong LCI-273 (ex USN LSSL-95)' while 'Lian Ren LCI-272 (ex USN LSSL-56)' is the sister: 'Lien Jen' (聯仁) is the name of ex-LSSL-56, not of this hull. The correct Taiwan-era name for ex-LCS(L)(3)-95 is Lian Yong, pennant LSSL-273.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1954-1969 (Taiwan career)
- Limitations
- Corrects a circulating name error; not a material/exposure claim. Two Western secondary sources repeat the error against the ROC Navy's own document plus the ROCN list; verification partial on strength of source hierarchy (official ROC MND), though the MND sidebar itself carries a heading typo (LSSL-271 vs body LSSL-273). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-95-lcsl395-05
-
[7]NARA-credited photography transcribed in NavSource captions for this hull: LCS(L)(3)-93/-95/-67/-89/-81 pierside at Yokosuka, Japan, circa late 1945 (National Association of USS LCS(L) 1-130, courtesy Allen R. Selfridge); LCS(L)(3)-95 passing under the Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco, circa late 1945/early 1946 (credited National Archives) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/05/050095.htm image table (images 1005009301.jpg, 1005009501.jpg)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Physical-presence documentation: this hull at Yokosuka with four LCS(L)(3) sisters in late 1945 (consistent with her 2 Sep 1945 - 5 Mar 1946 Far East occupation service), and inbound at San Francisco under the Golden Gate Bridge circa late 1945/early 1946. Archival leads for her Pacific transit and occupation-era presence - photographs, not work or material records.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- circa Sep 1945 - Mar 1946
- Population
- Occupation-era crew (late 1945 - early 1946)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: captions as transcribed by NavSource; the underlying NARA NAIDs for the two images were not located (catalog.archives.gov is JS-rendered and could not be enumerated this session). Photographs establish presence, not activities or materials. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-95-lcsl395-06
-
[8]U.S. Fleet, Headquarters of the Commander in Chief, Navy Department, 'Battle Experience - Radar Pickets and Methods of Combating Suicide Attacks Off Okinawa, March-May 1945,' Secret Information Bulletin No. 24 (20 July 1945; declassified), via NHHC online reading room [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC page 'Battle Experience - Radar Pickets' (Chapter 81 text, 'Radar Picket Stations' and support-unit passages)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Wartime U.S. Fleet doctrine publication on the Okinawa radar-picket line, the duty LCS(L)s supported: fifteen radar picket stations ringed the approach lanes; 'Each destroyer picket was supported by LCS(L)s when available'; picket groups exchanged contact information with the supporting LCS(L)s and all ships held weapons ready against coordinated kamikaze raids. NavSource credits this hull with the Okinawa Gunto operation 17 May - 30 June 1945, overlapping the bulletin's March-May 1945 coverage - but the bulletin names no individual LCS(L) hull assignments for the late-May window.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- March-May 1945 (bulletin scope); hull window 17 May - 30 Jun 1945
- Population
- LCS(L) crews on Okinawa radar-picket support duty (class-level)
- Limitations
- Class/era context: establishes what LCS(L)s as a type did on the Okinawa picket line; does not establish that THIS hull stood a picket station, fired on aircraft, or took damage - her undigitized deck logs (RG 24, per SL-44) are the record that would show it. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-95-lcsl395-07
-
[9]NHHC H-048-2, 'Naval Battle of Okinawa (Continued)' - LCS radar-picket losses narrative [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC H-048-2 text, 'USS LCS(L)-88, 11 May 1945' section and class-summary line
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NHHC's Okinawa battle account records that during the Battle of Okinawa 12 LCSs were hit by kamikazes and bombs, most while assisting destroyers on the radar picket stations, with a combined 65 crewmen killed and 103 wounded - e.g., LCS(L)-88 on 11 May 1945 on a picket station alongside destroyers Douglas H. Fox and Harry F. Bauer (skipper Lt. Casimir Bigos killed, posthumous Silver Star). The class's Okinawa exposure was concentrated on exactly the radar-picket support role this hull was credited into from 17 May 1945.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- April-June 1945
- Population
- LCS(L) crews, Okinawa picket stations (class-level)
- Limitations
- Class-level casualty narrative; LCS(L)(3)-95 is not named anywhere in the account and no hit is attributed to her. Campaign credit establishes presence in the operation window, not a specific hit or picket assignment. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-95-lcsl395-08
-
[10]NavSource LCS(L)(3)/LSSL class index and operational description (05idx.htm; 05func.htm, operational description by Robin L. Rielly for the National Association of USS LCS(L) 1-130) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/05/05idx.htm index header; 10/05/05func.htm operational description
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Class construction and employment: 130 LCS(L)(3)s built in WWII by George Lawley & Sons (Neponset, MA - design yard), Albina Engine and Machine Works, and Commercial Iron Works (both Portland, OR); served only in the Pacific campaign. Designed for close-in fire support - line-abreast rocket runs at 1,000/800/500 yards then gunfire on targets of opportunity; at Okinawa added suicide-boat anchorage screening, radar-picket duty intercepting kamikazes, and fire-fighting assistance to damaged ships. Remaining inventory redesignated LSSL in 1949; 53 transferred to the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force from 1952, others to France, Taiwan, and other allies.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1950s
- Population
- LCS(L)(3) construction and service population (class-level)
- Limitations
- Class-level background compiled by the veterans' association historian; consistent with NHHC sources (ev-07, ev-08) but itself a secondary compilation. No hull-specific detail beyond what ev-01 documents. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-95-lcsl395-09
-
[11]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction window (Dec 1944 - Jan 1945) and U.S. service era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch, confirmed 2026-09-30) - content via product-page description; same standing defect as Batches 01 and 98.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-95-lcsl395-10
-
[12]Era inference built on: NavSource spec block (GM 6-71 diesel quad packs, twin screws - NavShips 250-012); class index (1944-45 emergency amphibious construction); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-use era (ev-10) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 050095 specifications block; 05idx.htm class header; GAO HRD-80-2 (ev-10)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered amphibious gunboat built Dec 1944 - Jan 1945 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard applications aboard a small combatant of this type and period were thermal insulation and lagging on diesel exhaust and machinery, gaskets, valve packing, and electrical insulation within her confined crew volume. As a diesel craft she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply, and the material load aboard a 250-ton landing support craft was materially smaller than aboard steam warships.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1971
- Population
- Commercial Iron Works construction trades (Dec 1944 - Jan 1945); crew (1945-c.1952); ROCN crew (1954-69); Taiwanese scrappers (1971)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, builder's plan, or work package located for this hull (Lawley 'Instructions for LCS(L)(3) Class' and 'Original Plans of LCS(L)(3)' are cited by NavSource as spec sources but were not retrievable for material-level confirmation). Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. No manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-95-lcsl395-11
-
[13]Batch-5771 search ledger (this record): NavSource hull/class pages; NARA Special List 44 p.34 + digitized-logs index; shipbuildinghistory builder table; ROC MND publication; NHHC H-048-2 + Secret Information Bulletin No. 24; CourtListener name/hull queries; secondary web litigation sweep; GAO product page [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lcs-l-3-95-lcsl395-01 through -15
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS LCS(L)(3)-95 / USS LSSL-95 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener returned zero results on the authoritative forms - 'LCS(L)(3)-95', 'LSSL-95', 'LCS-95' (opinions) and 'LCS(L)(3)-95', 'LSSL-95' (dockets); the Taiwan-name opinion query ('Lien Jen') was blocked this session by the fleet-wide CourtListener pacing budget - logged as blocked, not a negative result. Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case; 'asbestos aboard' material is limited to law-firm marketing listicles on landing craft generally (asbestos-ships.com, gorilaw.com, mesothelioma.com, mesotheliomahope.com, asbestos.com, lawfirm.com, mesothelioma-lung-cancer/mesotheliomatreatmentcenters) asserting nothing ship-specific - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the hull's diesel-era small-craft applications remain reasonable era inference. One CourtListener query (Taiwan name) remains unrun (fleet pacing) - a genuine open gap. Deck logs (Jan-Jun 1945) exist at NARA but are undigitized; builder material lists and any ROCN disposal/abatement record for the 1971 scrapping were not located. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lcs-l-3-95-lcsl395-12