Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 2 (NAVSHIPS 250-012, 1945), LST tables - per-hull construction row for LST-1097 and design-group characteristics row for LST1081-1152 (shipscribe.com scan of the official BuShips publication) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v2 LST construction table p. 190 (LST1097 row); characteristics tables pp. 168-169 (LST1081-1152 group rows: dimensions, machinery, accommodations, armament, gears/generators/fuel)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official BuShips Ships' Data 1945 Vol. 2 carries a per-hull construction row for LST-1097: builder Jeffersonville B. & Mach. Co., Jeffersonville, Ind.; keel laid 22 Nov 44; launched 16 Jan 45; first commissioned 9 Feb 45. Design-group rows for LST1081-1152 (the group containing this hull): 328'0" oa / 316'0" wl; beam 50'0"; 2,366 t beaching displacement, 4,080 t at limiting draft, 33 t/inch immersion; trial speed 11.6 kt at 3,960 t trial displacement; limiting draft 11'2", max navigational draft 14'1"; machinery 2 GM Diesel 12-567A, 1,700 shp, 2 propellers; Falk single reduction gears; 3 diesel ship's-service generators, 100 kW, 230 V DC; fuel oil 4,320 bbls; accommodations 13 officers + 106 enlisted; armament 2 twin + 4 single 40mm AA mounts.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 1945
- Population
- Jeffersonville Boat & Machine construction workforce (1944-45); commissioning crew
- Limitations
- Authoritative wartime BuShips publication naming this hull in its construction row - confirms identity, builder, dates, machinery plant, and manning for the design group. The construction row is ship-specific; the characteristics rows are design-group level (LST1081-1152). OCR of the scanned table is columnar and partially garbled; values cross-verified against DANFS and NavSource. Contains no materials, insulation, or asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-league-island-ag149-01
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[2]DANFS, 'LST-1097' and 'League Island II' entries, Naval History Division (verbatim transcription via HyperWar/ibiblio - live NHHC page returns 404 and Internet Archive was offline 2026-09-20) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS 'LST-1097' and 'League Island II' entry text + spec block (HyperWar transcription, transcribed by Patrick Clancey)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NHHC/DANFS records: laid down 22 Nov 1944 at Jeffersonville, Ind. (entry 1: 'Jeffersonville Boat & Machine Co.'; entry 2: 'Jeffersonville Bridge & Machinery Co.'); launched 16 Jan 1945, sponsored by Mrs. Susan A. Rash; commissioned 9 Feb 1945, Lt. Earl J. Lane in command. Reported for duty to CinCPac 27 Mar 1945; Okinawa campaign 21 May-30 Jun 1945 (assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto); occupation duty in the Far East until early Nov 1945. Entered Pearl Harbor Navy Yard December 1945 for conversion to an Ordnance Spare Parts Barge, remaining until March 1946; steamed to Portland, Oreg., 21 Nov 1946; decommissioned 19 Dec 1946; Pacific Reserve Fleet. Reclassified AG-149 27 Jan 1949 and named League Island 1 Feb (namesake: the site of the Navy Yard, Philadelphia, at the junction of the Schuylkill and Delaware Rivers; styled 'League Island II'). Recommissioned 3 Jan 1951, Lt. R.E. Duppenthaler in command; converted to a cargo stores ship 17 Jan-2 Mar 1951 by Bethlehem Pacific Coast Steel Corp., Oakland, Calif.; to San Diego 24 Mar. Departed for Japan 1 Jun 1951, joined ServRon 3 at Sasebo and Yokosuka Jun 1951-Aug 1954; reclassified AKS-30 18 Aug 1951; mission supplying spare parts to the fleet in the Far East supporting the Korean commitment. Post-armistice service from Subic Bay; Japan return May 1955; Philippines early 1956; Sasebo Mar 1956; sailed for San Francisco 30 Apr 1956. Decommissioned Astoria, Oreg., 14 Dec 1956; stricken 1 Apr 1960; sold 17 Mar 1961 to Hatch & Kirk Co., Seattle, Wash., towed away for scrapping 24 Apr 1961 (entry 1 dates the sale 24 Apr 1961). One battle star WWII. Spec block: dp. 1,625; l. 328'; b. 50'; dr. 11'; s. 12 k.; cpl. 119; a. 2 40mm., 12 20mm.; cl. LST-511.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 1944-1961
- Limitations
- Primary Navy historical entry - authoritative for service history, custody chain, and disposal; documents two conversion events aboard this hull (Pearl Harbor Navy Yard Dec 1945-Mar 1946; Bethlehem Oakland Jan-Mar 1951). Contains no asbestos or materials information; supports no asbestos claim. Live NHHC page 404s (standing link rot, cf. BATCH-01); the HyperWar transcription is verbatim DANFS text. Internal discrepancies between the two DANFS entries (builder name variant; 17 Mar vs 24 Apr 1961 sale date; 'cl. LST-511' vs NavSource's LST-542 class) are reconciled in the correction row and gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-league-island-ag149-02
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[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive - USS League Island (AKS-30) ex-AG-149 ex-LST-1097, file 10/16/161097 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 161097.htm - specifications block, flotilla/group/division assignment line, campaign and Korean-service lines, CO table, disposal entries, Bahrain photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline corroborates DANFS and adds detail: LST-542 class; wartime assignment LST Flotilla Thirty-Two (CAPT. D.J. Sweeny) / LST Group Ninety-Six (CDR. J.M. Dod USNR) / LST Division One Hundred Ninety-One; Okinawa Gunto assault and occupation 21 May-30 Jun 1945; Korean War war-zone service 7 Jul 1951-27 Jul 1954 without combat operations; CO table incl. Lt. Roswell E. Duppenthaler (3 Jan 1951-) and LCDR Wesley Edison Chessman (1955-14 Dec 1956). Disposal entries: struck 1 Apr 1960; sold for scrapping 24 Apr 1961 to Hatch & Kirk Co., Seattle; resold for merchant service, date unknown; final disposition - sunk at Bahrain in 1976, raised March 1980, cut down to a barge for Persian Gulf operation. Photo captions: ex-LST-1097 sailed Singapore-Bahrain 1976 with a cement load, discharged, laid up, sank; raised and under tow at Bahrain Mar 1980.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 1944-1981
- Limitations
- Specialist secondary compilation - detailed but non-official; consistent with NHHC on the Navy career. Merchant-phase detail (1976 cement voyage, 1980 raising, barge conversion) comes from contributor photo captions, not registry documents; its merchant-name field is absent while NMA lists MAGELLAN and shipscribe cites AL RASHIDIYA - discrepancy logged in gaps. Direct fetch returned HTTP 406 on 2026-09-20; content obtained via search-indexed page text. Contains no asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-league-island-ag149-03
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[4]Shipscribe U.S. Navy auxiliary ships data sheets, 'USS Electron (AKS 27, ex LST) Class' page (Stephen S. Roberts compilation from Navy registers, BuShips/SCB design records, and MARAD files) [other_primary]
- Locator
- AKS-27 class page: construction table (LEAGUE ISLAND row), disposition table, class notes, ship notes (AKS-30 entry)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Ship-design compilation carrying a per-hull ship note for LEAGUE ISLAND (AKS-30, ex AG-149, ex LST-1097): reassigned to ComServPac effective 1 Jan 1946; converted to a mobile spare parts issue ship at Pearl Harbor 29 Dec 1945-16 Mar 1946; designated for inactivation 28 Aug 1946; reported to the Columbia Group and placed in inactive status without pre-inactivation overhaul 7 Oct 1946; OCIR there 19 Dec 1946; to AG-149 and named 1 Feb 1949; reactivation ordered 31 Aug 1950; recommissioned 3 Jan 1951; converted to a cargo stores ship 17 Jan-2 Mar 1951 by Bethlehem Pacific Coast Steel Corp., Oakland; to AKS-30 18 Aug 1951; homeport shifted Mare Island to Sasebo 1 Nov 1954; arrived San Francisco from Sasebo 28 May 1956; reported for inactivation 16 Aug 1956 in the Columbia Group; offered for sale 21 Sep 1960 (bid opening 13 Oct) and again 8 Feb 1961 (bids 3 Mar); to buyer 24 Apr 1961; reported by Bahrain newspapers as bought at Singapore in the early 1970s, renamed AL RASHIDIYA, used in 1975 carrying bagged cement to Bahrain, beached and abandoned, raised by Smit Salvage and D.M.S., cut down to a barge 1981, sank at Sitra, Bahrain, 21 Sep 1981, and broken up at Gadani Beach. Class note: the five Electron-class AKS hulls (AKS 27-31, ex-AG 146-150) were all early-1945 LSTs converted to mobile spare parts issue ships Dec 1945-Apr 1946.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 1945-1981
- Population
- Pearl Harbor Navy Yard conversion workforce (Dec 1945-Mar 1946); Bethlehem Oakland conversion workforce (Jan-Mar 1951); Columbia Group caretakers (1946-51, 1956-61); merchant crews and Bahrain salvage/breaking workers (1970s-1981)
- Limitations
- Compiled secondary transcription of official Navy register, design, and MARAD records, not the registers themselves; dates used where consistent with DANFS/NavSource. Merchant-phase narrative cites Bahrain newspaper reports - unverified against registry documents; the merchant name AL RASHIDIYA conflicts with NMA's MAGELLAN (discrepancy in gaps). Contains no asbestos information; the two conversions document yard events, not materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-league-island-ag149-04
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[5]Consolidated era/design inference - BuShips SDB 1945 v2 machinery row for design group LST1081-1152 + documented conversion events (DANFS; shipscribe AKS-27 class page) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v2 machinery table, LST section (LST1081-1152 row); DANFS conversion entries; shipscribe AKS-27 class page ship note
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference: this hull carried a geared-diesel plant (two GM 12-567A diesels, 1,700 shp, twin screws; three 100 kW diesel ship's-service generators) - no boilers, so the boiler/steam-line lagging pathway dominant on steam auxiliaries does not apply. For the type, period asbestos applications concentrate in engine exhaust and muffler lagging, gaskets and machinery packing, deck coverings and tile, accommodation and joiner insulation, electrical cable insulation, and winch/windlass brake linings. The hull's two documented interior conversions - Pearl Harbor Navy Yard Dec 1945-Mar 1946 (mobile spare parts issue ship / 'Ordnance Spare Parts Barge') and Bethlehem Pacific Coast Steel Corp., Oakland, 17 Jan-2 Mar 1951 (cargo/general stores issue ship) - are disturbance-phase events involving extensive interior rework whose materials scope is unrecorded; reserve-fleet lay-ups (Columbia Group, 1946-51 and 1956-61), the 1961 sale, merchant service, the Bahrain beaching/sinking, the 1980 salvage, and the 1981 Gadani Beach breaking complete the disturbance chain.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 1944-1981
- Population
- Construction trades at Jeffersonville Boat & Machine (1944-45); PHNSY conversion workers (1945-46); Bethlehem Oakland conversion workers (1951); wartime and Korean-era crews; reserve-fleet caretakers; 1961 sale/merchant crews; Bahrain salvage and Gadani breaking workers
- Limitations
- Inference from the documented machinery plant, construction era, and documented conversion events - NOT a hull record. No survey, specification, or material schedule naming LST-1097/AG-149/AKS-30 was located; establishes no asbestos content, quantity, location, individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-league-island-ag149-05
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[6]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and emergency construction program (inland 'cornfield yard' mass production) under which this LST was built - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in shipbuilding.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel or class and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-league-island-ag149-06
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[7]Fleischer, W.E., Viles, F.J. Jr., Gade, R.L., and Drinker, P., 'A health survey of pipe covering operations in constructing naval vessels,' J Ind Hyg Toxicol 28(1):9-16 (Jan 1946), PMID 21016030 [other_primary]
- Locator
- PubMed record PMID 21016030; article pp. 9-16 (pipe covering material section)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- The U.S. Maritime Commission-commissioned industrial-hygiene survey of WWII pipe-covering operations at two Navy yards and two Navy contract yards documented that 'an important ingredient of pipe covering material used on U.S. Navy vessels is amosite' - i.e., asbestos insulation was standard material in wartime naval-vessel construction of this hull's era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- survey ~1944-45; published 1946
- Population
- WWII pipe coverers and insulators at Navy and contract yards (era context)
- Limitations
- Era-level documentation of asbestos use in naval construction generally; does not name this vessel, class, or builder yard (Jeffersonville Boat & Machine was not among the surveyed yards) and establishes nothing about this hull's materials, condition, or any individual exposure. (The study's exculpatory 'not a dangerous occupation' conclusion has since been heavily criticized - see the 2026 critique at DOI 10.1177/10482911261446696.)
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-league-island-ag149-07
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[8]Reconciliation of source discrepancies - DANFS dual entries (ibiblio transcription); shipscribe AKS-27 class page; NavSource file 161097; Naval Marine Archive ships database [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS lst1097.html dual entries (sale paragraphs, spec block); shipscribe AKS27.html disposition table + ship note 30; NavSource 161097.htm disposal entries; https://ships.navalmarinearchive.com/ships/75554 (NMA record)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Source discrepancies reconciled: (a) Sale date - DANFS entry 1 says 'sold for scrapping ... on 24 April 1961' while DANFS entry 2 says 'sold 17 March 1961 ... towed away for scrapping on 24 April 1961'; shipscribe's disposal table lists 17 Mar 1961 with 'to buyer 24 Apr 1961' - adopted framing: sale/award 17 Mar 1961, delivery 24 Apr 1961. (b) Merchant name - shipscribe cites Bahrain newspaper reports of AL RASHIDIYA; NMA database lists MAGELLAN; neither resolved to a registry document. (c) Builder name - 'Jeffersonville Boat & Machine Co.' (DANFS entry 1, SDB v2 'Jeffersonville B. & Mach. Co.', NavSource, MARAD-consistent form) vs 'Jeffersonville Bridge & Machinery Co.' (DANFS entry 2, Wikipedia body) - Boat & Machine adopted. (d) First-decommissioning site - Portland, OR (DANFS, NavSource) vs Columbia Group OCIR at Astoria (shipscribe) - both lower Columbia River; logged. (e) Class label - DANFS spec block 'cl. LST-511' vs NavSource 'LST-542 Class' and BuShips design group LST1081-1152 - LST-542 adopted per modern convention and the BuShips grouping. None of these affects identity.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 1944-1981
- Limitations
- Resolves publication-level discrepancies in secondary framings and between the two DANFS entries; does not affect identity or custody timeline materially. No asbestos content in any of these sources.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-league-island-ag149-08
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[9]Batch-647 search ledger (this record): DANFS via HyperWar transcription; BuShips SDB 1945 v2; NavSource 161097; shipscribe AKS-27 class page; MARAD ShipHistory keyword search; NVR detail-page check; CourtListener (blocked); indexed-web litigation checks; VA BVA index; NARA record-group guides [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-league-island-ag149-01 through sl-uss-league-island-ag149-11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, court finding, or docketed asbestos case naming USS League Island / AG-149 / AKS-30 / LST-1097 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). 'League Island' hits in legal text are name collisions - the phrase denotes the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard site (e.g., a PNSY-employment asbestos pleading in Corley v. Long-Lewis, N.D. Ala.; the 1897 mileage dispute United States v. Engard, 196 U.S. 511), not this hull. Law-firm marketing pages (freeasbestostesting.com lists both AG-149 and AKS-30 in auxiliary-ship lists) name the hull without primary support - excluded as a source per the no-law-firm-sources rule and logged in the batch report.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 2026-09-20
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944-45-built LST with two documented interior conversions is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials, and the merchant/salvage/breaking phases are undocumented disturbance phases. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility. CourtListener systematic name/hull sweeps could not run: API returned HTTP 429 'Rate limit exceeded: 125/day' on 2026-09-20 (shared quota exhausted by prior same-day batch work on this machine, ~13 h to reset) - backed off per batch instruction; negative litigation coverage rests on indexed-web checking, which is weaker than a docket-level sweep.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-league-island-ag149-09
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[10]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 24 (Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel - Navy deck logs), RG 19 (Records of the Bureau of Ships), RG 181 (Records of Naval Districts and Shore Establishments - Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard), plus Pacific Reserve Fleet Columbia Group inactivation records and the 1960-61 Navy sale file [other_primary]
- Locator
- https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/024.html ; /groups/019.html ; /groups/181.html
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - requires research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): Navy deck logs for LST-1097 (1945-46) and League Island AG-149/AKS-30 (1951-56) (RG 24, NARA College Park); BuShips records for both conversions - the 1945-46 mobile spare parts issue ship alteration and the 1951 cargo stores ship conversion work package (RG 19); Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard production/shop records for the documented Dec 1945-Mar 1946 in-yard conversion (RG 181); Columbia Group (Pacific Reserve Fleet) inactivation records 1946 and 1956; the 1960-61 offering/sale file to Hatch & Kirk Co.; merchant-registry documentation for the AL RASHIDIYA / MAGELLAN phase (non-U.S. flag - foreign registry, IMO 6501381 per secondary sources).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 1944-1981 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-league-island-ag149-10