Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
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[1]research packet crew-b-packet.md (8 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lejeune-ap74-pkt-crew-b-packet-md
-
[2]Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships (DANFS), 'Lejeune' (AP-74) entry - transcription mirror at hazegray.org via Wayback capture 2020-02-21 (live NHHC DANFS URL returns 404 as of 2026-09-25) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry text (hazegray mirror, full entry OCR'd); canonical NHHC URL 404
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record: launched as Windhuk by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg, for Deutsche-Afrika Linien in 1936; interned at Santos, Brazil, December 1939; acquired from Brazil 12 May 1942; ferry commission 26 March 1943 (Capt. John T. Bottom Jr.) for transfer Rio de Janeiro to Norfolk for conversion; commissioned 12 May 1944 (Capt. L. E. Kelly). Departed New York 11 June 1944 with 4,460 troops; completed 10 round-trip voyages before war's end; carried elements of 69th Infantry Division December 1944; main port of call Le Havre from 21 January 1945 including Magic Carpet duty; 19 crossings total Glasgow to Oran; Norfolk overhaul from 9 May 1946. Western Pacific transport service: four voyages from San Francisco 19 October 1946 - 1 August 1947 (Shanghai, Tsingtao, Yokosuka); approximately 100,000 troops transported in all. Decommissioned 9 February 1948; Pacific Reserve Fleet Tacoma; stricken July 1957; transferred to Maritime Administration; scrapped. DANFS characteristics: dp. 12,255; 572'8" x 72'2"; dr. 26'; 17.5 kt; cpl. 501; trp. 4,660; armament 1x5", 4x3", 8x40mm, 13x20mm.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1936-1957
- Population
- Embarked troops (~100,000 transported); ship's company 501
- Limitations
- Official U.S. Navy ship history; establishes identity and service chronology only. Contains no asbestos, insulation-material, or hazard statement. DANFS's pre-internment characterization of Windhuk as 'a support vessel and a raider' is disputed by the vessel's reunion-site history and is not corroborated by the BuShips-derived record (which documents evasion of British pursuit, not commerce raiding) - logged in gaps. Does not establish exposure, quantity, or material condition.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lejeune-ap74-01
-
[3]Stephen S. Roberts, shipscribe.com AP-74 class page - compiled from U.S. Navy BuShips/ship's-data records (compiled 14 Jun 2009) [other_primary]
- Locator
- AP-74 class page: Construction, Disposition, Class Notes, Ship Notes tables
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- BuShips-derived record: Windhuk launched 27 Aug 1936 (Pretoria 16 Jul 1936), completed 13 Mar 1937; entered Santos 7 Dec 1939. CNO directed acquisition 7 Mar 1942; probably purchased from Brazil 12 May 1942; AP-74 assigned August 1942. After Brazil severed relations 28 Jan 1942 the German crew sabotaged machinery: concrete in main turbines, boilers burned out, shafts/bearings torched, generators/refrigeration/steering destroyed. Temporary propulsion: two 2,000-hp Fairbanks-Morse 10-cylinder diesels purchased from Cargill, Falk reduction gears, both coupled to starboard shaft at Rio. Departed Rio 18 Apr 1943 (4,000 tons coffee cargo), arrived Norfolk 22 May 1943. Conversion reassigned Philadelphia NY -> Cramp (contract 30 Oct 1942) -> Norfolk Navy Yard (4 Dec 1942, Cramp electrician shortage); Navy ordered duplicate main turbine/gear set of the type in production for MC tankers AO 51-64. Commission in ordinary at Norfolk NY 1 Jun 1943; full commission 15 Apr 1944; conversion completed Norfolk 15 May 1944. Final machinery: Bethlehem turbines, 2 screws, 13,500 hp, 17.5 kt; 1945 troop capacity 4,666. Disposal: decomm 9 Feb 48; struck Jul 57; to MA/R 12 Jul 57; MA sale 16 Aug 66; to buyer 19 Aug 66; scrapped by 1 Jun 67.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1936-1967
- Population
- Norfolk Navy Yard conversion workforce (1943-44); Rio refit crew (~200 USN personnel)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation by a recognized USN-ships historian working from official Bureau of Ships records - not itself a scanned primary document; the underlying BuShips files are the archival original (see archival lead row). Establishes machinery/conversion events; contains no asbestos or insulation-material statement. Full-commission date here (15 Apr 1944) differs from DANFS (12 May 1944) - both retained, discrepancy logged.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lejeune-ap74-02
-
[4]U.S. Maritime Administration ShipHistory record, LEJUENE (AP-74), Detail 2991, incl. scanned Reserve Fleet Ship Particulars card (Form MA-383) and Record of Ship Sales card (Form MA-20) [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- ShipHistory Detail/2991; card images /cards/2991_5567AF.jpg (reserve-fleet particulars) and /cards/2991_AF.jpg (record of ship sales)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official MARAD record: built 1936 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg (ex-Windhuk); type AP over-age passenger/troop transport; 16,662 GRT; 'Propulsion: Turbines (2)'; passengers 4,660; recorded cost $12,869,473; 'From Navy - permanent transfer.' Entered Olympia (Washington) Reserve Fleet 12 July 1957, 1540 hrs PST. Advertised under PD-X-736 dated 7-22-66, bids opened 8-12-66, awarded 8-16-66 to Zidell Explorations, Inc. (contract MA-4181) for $239,769.00 as 'Scrap Hull, U.S., 24 months'; withdrawn 8-19-66, 0930 PDST.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1957-1966
- Population
- NDRF custody crews; Zidell Explorations dismantling workforce (1966-67)
- Limitations
- Primary government custody/disposition record including digitized status cards; establishes dates, sale, buyer, and that the retained propulsion was turbines. Contains no asbestos, hazmat, or materials statement - 1966 scrapping predates OSHA/NEPA-era survey documentation. Does not establish presence or absence of asbestos aboard at scrapping.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lejeune-ap74-03
-
[5]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents extensive asbestos use as fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII, when wartime expansion produced an unprecedented rise in asbestos utilization, with disease manifesting ~20 years later among shipyard workers and others exposed in the 1940s and postwar period. This hull's complete re-engining (new Bethlehem turbines, sabotaged German boilers/plant replaced) and Navy troopship conversion at Norfolk Navy Yard in 1943-44 falls within that documented era and program.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Era/program-level scholarship; does not name this vessel. Establishing that U.S. naval-yards conversion work of 1943-44 used asbestos does not establish asbestos was installed aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lejeune-ap74-04
-
[6]U.S. EPA, NPL Site Narrative for Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth VA (Federal Register Notice July 22, 1999; proposed 6 Mar 1998); EPA site profile VA1170024813 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NPL narrative PDF; EPA Superfund profile https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0302841
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- EPA's NPL narrative for Norfolk Naval Shipyard - the yard that performed this hull's 1943-44 conversion - lists 'asbestos' among the industrial wastes generated by shipyard shops and waterfront maintenance of naval vessels, and documents that wastes were historically dumped overboard or onto the ground. The yard is a federal-lead Superfund site (EPA Region III oversight).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- site history through 1999 listing
- Population
- Norfolk Naval Shipyard workforce (historical operations)
- Limitations
- Yard-level environmental record covering the site's operating history generally, not this hull: it documents that asbestos waste was generated and handled at the conversion yard, not that asbestos was installed aboard this ship, and establishes nothing about quantity, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lejeune-ap74-05
-
[7]Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Environmental Cleanup Site Information (ECSI) database, Site ID 689 'Zidell Waterfront Property,' 3121 SW Moody Ave., Portland; DEQ Zidell cleanup factsheet [other_primary]
- Locator
- DEQ ECSI Site 689 summary; DEQ factsheet https://www.oregon.gov/deq/FilterDocs/ph-ZidellCAG.pdf
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- The MARAD-documented scrapping destination of this hull - the Zidell Explorations shipbreaking yard on the Willamette River, Portland - is a documented contaminated site: Oregon DEQ records that the yard dismantled 336 ships over ~30 years and that 'asbestos is also prevalent in upland and bankline soil'; cleanup required a formal asbestos-abatement project with certified workers, air monitoring, and bulk ACM disposal. Shipbreaking debris (insulation, wiring, floor linoleum, paint) was a contamination source.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1946-2006 (operation and cleanup)
- Population
- Zidell shipbreaking workforce (1946-1976 era); site remediation crews
- Limitations
- Site-level record about the dismantling location, not this hull: it documents asbestos contamination at the yard where the hull was scrapped (1966-67), not that asbestos was aboard this ship at dismantling, nor quantity, worker exposure aboard this specific hull, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lejeune-ap74-06
-
[8]NARA record-group mapping for this hull: RG 24 (Bureau of Naval Personnel) ship deck logs, USS Lejeune 1943-48; RG 19 (Bureau of Ships) conversion/machinery records incl. the AO 51-64 duplicate turbine order and Norfolk work specifications; RG 181 (Naval Districts and Shore Establishments) Norfolk Navy Yard conversion work orders and shop records [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA College Park; see search_ledger sl-uss-lejeune-ap74-08
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Unretrieved archival path: the conversion work packages, machinery installation specs, and any materials lists for the 1943-44 Norfolk Navy Yard conversion would sit in RG 19/RG 181 yard records at NARA College Park; deck logs for the commissioned period in RG 24. These are the likeliest repositories for any ship-specific insulation/materials documentation.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - not evidence about this hull. Holdings are largely undigitized; no box-level retrieval performed (no spend authorized). Whether any such file contains asbestos-specific documentation is unverified.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lejeune-ap74-07
-
[9]Batch-2146 search ledger (this record): CourtListener API v4 ('USS Lejeune' opinions + dockets; 'Windhuk'; 'AP-74'; 'Lejeune' asbestos); MARAD ShipHistory; EPA/DEQ site records; NARA catalog guidance; VA BVA decision corpus via web index [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lejeune-ap74-01 through -12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming USS Lejeune (AP-74) or Windhuk was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener: 'USS Lejeune' 0 opinions / 0 dockets; 'Windhuk' 0 opinions; 'AP-74' 728 hits all docket-number collisions; 'Lejeune' asbestos hits are Camp Lejeune water-litigation and Lejeune v. Rayne Branch Hospital citation collisions.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 2026-09-25
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a complete wartime steam-plant installation (1943-44) is era-consistent with asbestos use, and the pre-OSHA 1966-67 scrapping generated no hazmat documentation. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lejeune-ap74-08