Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
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[1]DANFS, Leonard Wood (AP-25/APA-12) (verbatim transcription - live NHHC page returned 404 on 2026-09-25) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry, specifications block + service narrative
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for the hull: built 1922 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Co., Sparrows Point, Md. as Nutmeg State/Western World; purchased by the War Department 1939 and renamed Leonard Wood; Army transport until Navy acquisition 1941-06-03; commissioned 1941-06-10, Coast Guard-manned under CDR H.G. Bradbury USCG. Departed Halifax 1941-11-10 with reinforcements via Cape of Good Hope for Bombay and Singapore. Entered Philadelphia Navy Yard March 1942 for conversion to attack transport; redesignated APA-12 1943-02-01. Carried ~1,900 troops of the 3d Division to Fedhala, French Morocco (departed Hampton Roads 1942-10-24; landings 11-07/08); rescued survivors of torpedoed sister ships; finished unloading at Casablanca after U-boat attacks; Norfolk 11-30. Sicily assault July 1943 (Scoglitti). Pacific: Gilbert and Marshall Islands operations, Saipan (June 1944), Angaur (Sept 1944), Leyte (Oct 1944), Lingayen Gulf (Jan 1945), final landing 1945-02-09. San Francisco repairs then Manila/Tokyo transport runs; decommissioned Seattle 1946-03-22 and redelivered to Army; sold to Consolidated Builders, Inc. for scrap 1948-01-20. Eight battle stars for WWII.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1922-1948
- Population
- USCG crew (1941-1946); embarked troops (up to ~1,900-2,400 per lift)
- Limitations
- Official service-history narrative; establishes identity, yard periods, operations, and disposition. Contains no asbestos, insulation, or materials information - supports no asbestos claim. Transcription names the final landing 'Mindoro Island assault' while the USCG operational history documents a troop lift to Mindanao Island on the same date - see correction row ev-uss-leonard-wood-ap25-09. Canonical NHHC URL (history.navy.mil/.../leonard-wood.html) 404s; HyperWar transcription cited.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-leonard-wood-ap25-01
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[2]U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office, 'USS Leonard Wood (AP-25/APA-12)' cutter file PDF, citing Coast Guard at War Vol. V (1949) + DANFS (live history.uscg.mil page blocked automated fetch, HTTP 403; Wayback capture of uscg.mil/history/webcutters/Leonard_Wood.pdf used) [other_primary]
- Locator
- USCG Historian's Office Leonard Wood file, pp. 1-7 (operational history) + spec block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office ship file (built on 'Coast Guard at War, Vol. V: Transports & Escorts, Part II,' USCG HQ Historical Section, 1949): the ship was USCG-manned from commissioning to crew removal in March 1946. Placed in commission at the Brooklyn Navy Yard 1941-06-10; converted to amphibious attack transport with alterations completed 1942-04-26 (CDR E. Zoole USCG relieving Bradbury); August-October 1942 repairs/alterations and 'secret scientific experiments' at Norfolk Navy Yard, Portsmouth; flagship of TG 34.4 and 34.9 for Torch; detailed deck-log-level operational record for Fedhala (Nov 1942), Sicily (Jul 1943), Makin (Nov 1943), Kwajalein/Eniwetok (Feb 1944), Saipan (Jun 1944), Angaur (Sep 1944), Leyte (Oct-Nov 1944), Lingayen (Jan 1945), and the troop lift to Mindanao unloaded 1945-02-09; San Francisco repairs/alterations April-June 1945; Manila/Tokyo runs to 1945-12-18; Coast Guard crew removed 1946-03-26. Per the USCG's own history, the Service's first WWII casualties occurred 1941-12-08 when Leonard Wood was bombed by Japanese aircraft at Singapore.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1941-1946
- Population
- USCG crew; embarked Army/Marine troops; POWs and casualties transported
- Limitations
- Official service-history record; no asbestos, insulation, or materials content - supports no asbestos claim. Its quoted DANFS block carries a 'redesignated APA-12 on 1 February 1942' typo (correct: 1943-02-01) - see correction row. Dates the CG crew removal 1946-03-26 vs DANFS decommissioning 1946-03-22 (kept distinct).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-leonard-wood-ap25-02
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[3]Stephen S. Roberts, Shipscribe USN auxiliaries data, 'USS Harris (APA-2) Class' (compiled from BuShips/NVR-derived records) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Class construction/disposition tables + APA-12 ship note + class notes
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Shipscribe USN auxiliaries compilation (HARRIS class, EFC Design 1029): APA-12 ex AP-25 1 Feb 43; ex USAT Leonard Wood (transferred gratis from the Maritime Commission to the Army 1939-02-21); ex merc. Western World 1939, ex Nutmeg State 1922, ex Stillwater 1919 (EFC 2507, completed May 1922). Builder Bethlehem Sparrows Point SY; keel 29 Jul 20; launch 17 Sep 21; acquired by Navy 3 Jun 41; commissioned 10 Jun 41; Navy conversion by New York Navy Yard. Decomm 22 Mar 46; stricken 12 Apr 46; disposal to Army 22 Mar 46; Army to MC 13 May 47; to buyer 20 Jan 48; scrapped by 20 May 48. Class data: Curtis turbines (Westinghouse in APA-15/17), 2 screws, 12,000 HP; Welin davits fitted to AP-25 at Philadelphia during March-April 1942 conversion.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1919-1948
- Limitations
- Expert secondary compilation of official construction/disposal records - not itself a primary document, but consistent with DANFS/USCG records and supplies the stricken date (1946-04-12) that DANFS omits and NavSource marks unknown. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-leonard-wood-ap25-03
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[4]Pacific Marine Review, vol. 19 (1922): 'Bethlehem Shipbldg. Corp., Sparrows Point Plant' construction record and 'The Last U.S.S.B. Vessel' (Aug 1922, p. 469) [reputable_press]
- Locator
- Pacific Marine Review 1922 full text (archive.org scan), Sparrows Point yard list entries for hulls 4196/4197; Aug 1922 'Last U.S.S.B. Vessel' item
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Contemporaneous trade-press construction record: Pacific Marine Review's 1922 yard reports list 'Nutmeg State, hull 4197, combination USSB; sister to [Palmetto State]; keel July29/20; launch Sept17/21' at Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp., Sparrows Point Plant, and describe Western World (formerly Nutmeg State) as the last vessel of the Shipping Board/EFC program, completed for delivery to the Munson Line for South American service with sister Pan-America (ex Palmetto State). Sister-spec block for the type: turbine engines ~10,000 IHP, 8 Yarrow boilers.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1920-1922
- Population
- Bethlehem Sparrows Point construction trades (1920-1922)
- Limitations
- Contemporaneous trade press - the closest thing to a build record in public sources; keel/launch dates corroborate shipscribe and conflict with NavSource's 'laid down 1921' (see correction row). Machinery figures are class/spec-block level. No asbestos or insulation-material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-leonard-wood-ap25-04
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[5]Consolidated era inference - documented propulsion plant (NavSource spec block; Pacific Marine Review 1922 spec) + documented yard periods (DANFS; USCG Historian; shipscribe) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource APA-12 specifications block; yard-period records cited in rows 01-03
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference: this hull combined a merchant steam plant (8 Yarrow water-tube boilers at 265 psi/465 deg F feeding Curtis turbines through Falk reduction gears) with 1941-45 U.S. Navy-yard conversions and overhauls - New York Navy Yard (1941 commissioning conversion), Charleston Navy Yard (July 1941, per tentative NHHC photo NH 93378 identification), Philadelphia Navy Yard (March-April 1942 attack-transport conversion incl. Welin davits), Norfolk Navy Yard (Aug-Oct 1942 and post-Torch repairs), San Francisco (April-June 1945) - all within the peak era of asbestos insulation use in American shipbuilding and naval conversion work. Typical applications for the type: boiler and steam-drum insulation; steam-line and turbine lagging; valve/flange gaskets; machinery packing; accommodation/joiner insulation; winch and davit brake linings.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1920-1948
- Population
- Construction trades (Sparrows Point, 1920-22); Munson Line crew (1922-39); Army transport crew (1939-41); Navy-yard conversion/repair workers (1941-45); USCG crew (1941-46); embarked troops; scrapping workers (1948)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation schedule, survey, or abatement record exists; the ship's merchant-service years (1922-1939) and wartime conversions make era-typical asbestos plausible but unproven for this hull. Establishes no quantities, no present-day presence (hull scrapped 1948), and no exposure for any individual.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-leonard-wood-ap25-05
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[6]EPA RCRA Corrective Action record, Sparrows Point LLC (formerly Bethlehem Steel Corporation), RCRA ID MDD053945432 [other_primary]
- Locator
- EPA RCRA facility page for Sparrows Point; Atlas shipyards.json bethlehem-shipbuilding evidence rows
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- Builder-yard context: Bethlehem Steel's Sparrows Point facility (3,100-acre Patapsco River complex combining the steel mill and the shipyard that built this hull) is subject to EPA RCRA Corrective Action (RCRA ID MDD053945432; 1997 Consent Decree with EPA and Maryland Department of the Environment); shipyard operations ran 1889-1997 co-located with the steelworks. The Atlas shipyard record for Bethlehem Shipbuilding documents era products at Bethlehem yards (85% magnesia block, Marinite, Unibestos, Transite, asbestos lagging/cloth) and cohort findings for Bethlehem shipyard workers.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1889-1997 (yard); 1920-1922 (this hull's construction)
- Population
- Bethlehem Sparrows Point yard workforce (era context)
- Limitations
- Yard-level environmental and cohort documentation for the builder - says nothing about what was installed aboard this specific hull; asbestos is not a named primary contaminant in the RCRA record itself (shipyard product documentation comes from the Atlas yard file and cited studies). Not hull evidence.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-leonard-wood-ap25-06
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[7]NARA record-group mapping: RG 19 (BuShips/BuC&R), RG 181 (naval district/shipyard records), RG 24 (deck logs), RG 178 (US Maritime Commission); existence of the 1938 conversion-plan series documented in shipscribe class notes [other_primary]
- Locator
- RG guides + shipscribe class-note citations to BuC&R plan distribution 1938-01-05
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - requires research-room or reproduction order): (a) BuC&R conversion plans for '535 class' vessels to troop ships, distributed 1938-01-05 and modified per Marine Corps combat-loading comments of 1940-06-03 - the governing pre-conversion design documents for AP-25's class (documented in shipscribe class notes; at NARA RG 19); (b) Philadelphia Navy Yard March-April 1942 conversion work orders/job records (RG 181, Philadelphia NSY records); (c) deck logs 1941-46 (NARA RG 24); (d) Maritime Commission custody records for the 1947-05-13 Army-to-MC transfer and 1948 sale (RG 178).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1938-1948 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; whether any insulation/material schedule survives for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-leonard-wood-ap25-07
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[8]Batch-2111 search ledger (this record): CourtListener API v4 name/hull sweeps; DANFS/USCG/NavSource/shipscribe/NVR/Missouri DNR checks [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-leonard-wood-ap25-01 through sl-uss-leonard-wood-ap25-13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, museum/curatorial record, or docketed asbestos case naming USS Leonard Wood / AP-25 / APA-12 / Western World / Nutmeg State was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener opinion sweeps: '"USS Leonard Wood"' 0 hits; '"Leonard Wood" asbestos' 0 hits; '"Leonard Wood"' 428 opinion hits and 547 docket hits that resolve to name collisions - persons of that name (bankruptcies, habeas) and Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri (the Army post named for the same general, which has its own documented Missouri DNR asbestos-abatement notifications); 33 asbestos-filtered docket hits are MDL-875 tag-along notices and unrelated product cases with no ship context in the returned text. The hull was scrapped 1948, predating asbestos inspection regimes - absence of a record is expected posture, not proof of absence.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 2026-09-25
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1920s steam liner converted in 1941-45 Navy yards is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials. Does not establish presence or absence, does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility, and does not preclude unindexed filings that name the ship only in unscanned complaint exhibits.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-leonard-wood-ap25-08
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[9]Cross-source comparison: DANFS (HyperWar apa12); USCG Historian's Office Leonard Wood file (operational record); shipscribe APA class tables; NavSource 10/03/03012; USNI Proceedings 122/9/1123 (Sep 1996); Pacific Marine Review v.19 (1922) [other_primary]
- Locator
- USCG file pp. 6-7 (Mindanao lift); DANFS disposition line; shipscribe disposition table; NavSource disposition/spec lines; USNI essay text
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Source discrepancies resolved: (a) Final landing - DANFS calls the 1945-02-09 operation 'the Mindoro Island assault,' but the USCG operational history documents a troop lift of 540 troops of the 141st Division from Biak to Mindanao Island, unloaded 1945-02-09; the date matches exactly and the Mindoro invasion occurred 1944-12-15 under different forces - DANFS's island name is adopted as erroneous (Mindanao, not Mindoro). (b) Scrap-sale date - DANFS 'sold to Consolidated Builders, Inc., for scrap 20 January 1948' + shipscribe 'to buyer 20 Jan 48, scrapped by 20 May 48' vs NavSource 'sold for scrapping, 20 June 1948'; the DANFS/shipscribe chain is adopted. (c) APA-12 redesignation year - 1943-02-01 per DANFS (HyperWar text), NavSource, and shipscribe; the DANFS block quoted inside the USCG Historian PDF misprints '1 February 1942.' (d) Torch departure - 1942-10-24 per DANFS/USCG; USNI Proceedings (Sep 1996 photo essay) misdates it '24 October 1943.' (e) Laid down - 1920-07-29 per the contemporaneous Pacific Marine Review construction record and shipscribe vs 'laid down in 1921' in NavSource.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1945-1948 events; sources 1949-2007
- Limitations
- Resolves publication-level discrepancies across the standard references; the DANFS 'Mindoro' wording survives in the official narrative and is retained in gaps for transparency. None of these sources contains asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-leonard-wood-ap25-09