Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]research packet 371-packet.md (3 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (with source discrepancy flagged)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-light-target-2-ix36-pkt-371-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, Boggs (Destroyer No. 136) (live NHHC page, Raymond A. Mann revision dated 30 January 2006; fetched 2026-09-29) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry, specifications block + service narrative
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull (as Boggs, Destroyer No. 136): Wickes class; dp. 1,154 (n.); l. 310'0"; b. 30'11.25" (wl.); dr. 9'6" (aft); s. 35.0 k.; cpl. 133; a. 4x4", 2x3", 2x.30 cal. mg., 12x21" tt. Laid down 15 November 1917 by Mare Island Navy Yard; launched 25 April 1918 (sponsored by Miss Ruth Hascal); commissioned 23 September 1918, Comdr. Harold V. McKittrick in command. West coast six months, then March 1919 departure for six months off the east coast, North Atlantic, and West Indies; Pacific Fleet operations out of San Diego; placed out of commission 27 June 1922 at San Diego and held in the Reserve Fleet almost a decade. After 'extensive modifications to transform her into a radio-controlled target ship' recommissioned 19 December 1931 as AG-19 (Lt. Comdr. Boyd R. Alexander). Assigned Mobile Target Division 1, Destroyers, Battle Force: nearly nine years of high-speed radio-control tests, minesweeping, and target towing out of San Diego, with a 1936 Pearl Harbor voyage and West Indies/east-coast visits in early 1934 and winter 1938-39. Moved to Hawaii September 1940; reclassified high-speed minesweeper DMS-3 on 19 November 1940; major overhaul at Mare Island Navy Yard in the latter part of 1941. At sea off Oahu during the 7 December 1941 attack; returned same day and began minesweeping; Pearl Harbor towing/sweeping/patrol/escort duty until 31 January 1943, when she sailed for Palmyra Island; served there less than a month with one round-trip resupply voyage to Canton Island; returned to Pearl Harbor 2 March 1943. Returned to the west coast April 1944 (San Francisco 4 April, then San Diego target towing). Resumed AG-19 5 June 1945; Pearl Harbor mid-summer; Eniwetok Atoll mid-August to 6 October 1945; arrived Pearl Harbor 17 October 1945 and remained at Oahu until early 1946; via west coast and Panama Canal to Philadelphia, arriving 11 February 1946. Decommissioned 20 March 1946; struck from the Navy list 12 April 1946; sold to Northern Metals Co., Philadelphia, 27 November 1946 for scrapping.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1917-1946
- Population
- Mare Island Navy Yard construction trades 1917-18; USN crews 1918-22 and 1931-46 (design complement 133 per live DANFS); Mare Island overhaul workforce late 1941
- Limitations
- DANFS documents service history and specifications, not materials or asbestos content. The live page never uses the name 'Light Target No. 2' or the IX-36 designation - the name/designation rest on specialist transcriptions corroborated by NHHC's own photography-page designation chain (see ev-02, ev-06). Live-page date variants vs. older transcriptions and NavSource (out of commission 27 vs 29 June 1922; decommissioned 20 vs 30 March or 20 May 1946; complement 133 vs 122/103; length 310'0" vs 314'5") are logged in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-light-target-2-ix36-01
-
[3]Naval History and Heritage Command, 'Boggs, Charles S.' photography page (designation chain including IX-36) + NHHC Online Library of Selected Images, 'USS Boggs (Destroyer # 136, later DD-136, IX-36, AG-19, DMS-3 and AG-19), 1918-1946' (HyperWar/ibiblio transcription) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC people page designation-chain sentence; ibiblio.org HyperWar mirror of NHHC Online Library dd136.htm/dd136-k.htm photo captions (NH 766, NH 98833-34, NH 99143-44, NH 81406, NH 42536, NH 57141, NH 42539, NH 106144; NARA 80-G-276612, 80-G-246909)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NHHC official photography-section record for this hull: the NHHC 'US People - Boggs, Charles S.' page states 'USS Boggs (Destroyer # 136, later DD-136, IX-36, AG-19, DMS-3 and AG-19), 1918-1946, was named in honor of Charles S. Boggs' - an official NHHC statement placing IX-36 in this hull's designation chain. The companion NHHC Online Library ship page (HyperWar/ibiblio transcription of the photo-history) narrates that 'in mid-1931 Boggs was reclassified as an auxiliary (first as IX-36 and very soon afterwards as AG-19) and converted for employment as a radio-controlled target ship.' Photographic documentation includes NH 766 (at anchor circa 1919-21); NH 98833 (operating as a radio-controlled target, 26 March 1936); NH 99143/NH 99144 (valving steam as a radio-controlled target ship, circa 1933-35, Arleigh A. Burke collection); NH 98834 (as DMS-3 circa early 1942, probably off Mare Island Navy Yard); NARA 80-G-276612 (arriving Pearl Harbor from Canton Island, 2 March 1943); NARA 80-G-246909 (DMS-3 underway, 23 August 1944, photographed from a ZP-31 blimp); NH 81406 (as AG-19, June 1945); NH 42536/NH 57141 (Gatun Locks, 24 July 1919); NH 106144 series (Destroyer Division Seventeen panorama, San Diego, 14 August 1920); NH 42539 (reserve destroyers 'Red Lead Row,' San Diego, end of 1922).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1918-1946
- Population
- USN crews 1918-1946; Mare Island Navy Yard trades (1941 overhaul period)
- Limitations
- NHHC photography pages document designations, conversions, and the photographic record - not materials or asbestos content. They are the official-source anchor for IX-36 in this hull's designation chain (the DANFS narrative omits it). Individual photo captions are not an ACM record. The Online Library ship page itself was read via the HyperWar/ibiblio transcription; the live NHHC ship page URL structure changed and the people page was fetched live for the designation chain.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-light-target-2-ix36-02
-
[4]NavSource Destroyer Photo Index USS Boggs (DD-136/IX-36/DMS-3/AG-19), navsource.net/archives/05/136.htm + NavSource minesweeper index Boggs (AG-19 ex-DMS-3), navsource.net/archives/11/0903.htm (both scraped live 2026-09-29) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource destroyer page 'Operational and Building Data' block; minesweeper index designation chronology and NAID 78116429 photo caption
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Secondary-transcription record for this hull (NavSource destroyer index and minesweeper index pages): built by Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, CA; laid down 15 November 1917; launched 25 April 1918; commissioned 23 September 1918; designated DD-136 17 July 1920; decommissioned 29 June 1922; 'Reclassified as an Unclassified Miscellaneous Auxiliary and renamed Light Target No. 2 (IX 36), 11 August 1931'; 'Renamed Boggs and reclassified as a Miscellaneous Auxiliary, AG-19, 5 September 1931'; recommissioned 19 December 1931; reclassified Highspeed Minesweeper DMS-3 19 November 1940; again reclassified AG-19 5 June 1945; struck from the Navy Register 12 April 1946; sold for scrap 27 November 1946. NavSource destroyer page marks IX-36 'an unofficial filing designation.' Machinery block: 24,200 shp, geared turbines, 2 screws, 35 kt; class machinery tables assign the non-Bethlehem (Bath-design) groups Parsons geared turbines and Normand/Thornycroft/White-Forster water-tube boilers - a class-level attribution, not a hull-level record for DD-136. Destroyer-page photo captions include Navy Photo 2844-41, 'USS Boggs (DMS-3) off Mare Island Navy Yard, 22 October 1941' (consistent with the documented late-1941 Mare Island major overhaul) and NH 98834 'probably off the Mare Island Navy Yard, early 1942.' The minesweeper index page carries the National Archives-identifier caption for a Boggs (DMS-3) Booklet of General Plans (outboard/inboard profile), NAID 78116429.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1917-1947
- Population
- USN crews 1918-1946; Northern Metals Co. breaking workforce 1946-47
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer-maintained archive transcribing official records (spec blocks derive from Ships' Data/BuShips-type sources) - a specialist transcription, not a primary record. Day-level designation dates (17 Jul 1920 DD-136; 11 Aug / 5 Sep 1931 rename and reclassification; 19 Nov 1940 DMS-3) rest on these transcriptions rather than the underlying Navy Register entries; the 'unofficial filing designation' caveat on IX-36 is NavSource's own annotation. Decommission-date variants across its own pages (30 March destroyer index / 20 May minesweeper index vs DANFS 20 March 1946) are logged in gaps. No asbestos content addressed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-light-target-2-ix36-03
-
[5]Rushworth, 'The Navy and Asbestos Thermal Insulation,' Naval Engineers Journal 117(2):35-48 (2005), doi:10.1111/j.1559-3584.2005.tb00336.x; Franke & Paustenbach, 'Government and Navy knowledge regarding health hazards of asbestos: a state of the science evaluation (1900 to 1970),' Inhalation Toxicology 23 Suppl 3:1-20 (2011), PMID 22200078; Atlas shipyard dataset, mare-island-naval-shipyard record (tier 2) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Naval Engineers Journal 117(2):35-48; Inhal. Toxicol. 23 Suppl 3:1-20 (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22200078); shipyards.json record 'mare-island-naval-shipyard'
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era inference: peer-reviewed reviews of U.S. Navy asbestos practice document shipboard asbestos thermal insulation as standard Navy material across this hull's era - Rushworth's Naval Engineers Journal review (2005) covers Navy asbestos insulation practice and litigation history; Franke & Paustenbach's state-of-the-science evaluation (Inhalation Toxicology 2011) explicitly covers Government and Navy asbestos-hazard knowledge 1900-1970, spanning this hull's 1917-18 construction and every subsequent commission, conversion, and overhaul. A Wickes-class destroyer built at Mare Island in 1917-18 with a saturated-steam plant (four water-tube boilers and geared turbines) would have carried period-standard asbestos-containing boiler and steam-line insulation, turbine lagging, gaskets, packing, and fireproofing. Builder Mare Island Naval Shipyard is documented in the Atlas yard dataset (tier 2) with asbestos products identified across insulation block (Unibestos, Kaylo, Careytemp), Marinite board, Transite pipe, and packing/gasket materials - though the yard's dated product findings (1965-1994 litigation-documented products; 1998 EIS/EIR facility ACM) postdate this hull's construction by decades.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1917-1946 (vessel); 2005-2011 (era reviews)
- Population
- Mare Island Navy Yard construction trades 1917-18; USN crews 1918-1946; conversion/overhaul workforces 1931, 1941, 1945
- Limitations
- Class/era and builder-yard inference only - NOT a hull-specific finding. The cited reviews are era/state-of-science literature that do not name this hull; the yard dataset's dated product identifications postdate this hull's 1917-18 construction. No insulation specification, survey, or material test for this hull was located; nothing quantifies material or establishes any individual's exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-light-target-2-ix36-04
-
[6]NARA RG 19 Alphabetical Series of Ship Engineering Drawings / General Information Books; NARA RG 24 Entry 118 deck logs and NAID 594258 WWII logbook series; NARA RG 181 Mare Island Navy Yard records; NAID 78116429 reported by NavSource [other_primary]
- Locator
- navsource.net/archives/11/0903.htm (NAID 78116429 caption); archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/navy (RG 24 Entry 118, Special List 44; NAID 594258)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads for this hull: NavSource's DMS-3 index page captions a Boggs (DMS-3) 'Booklet of General Plans - Outboard Profile / Inboard Profile' under National Archives Identifier 78116429 (catalog.archives.gov/id/78116429) - converted-configuration plan sheets of the class that can carry insulation callouts; the sheets' text content was not examined (the catalog record view is JS-driven and did not return record content this session). NARA RG 19 (Bureau of Ships) General Information Books hold per-vessel material specifications - not retrieved. NARA holds pre-1941 deck logs (RG 24 Entry 118, Special List 44) covering this hull's 1919-1940 commissions and the WWII series (NAID 594258, 'Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships and Stations, 1941-1978') covering 1941-46. RG 181 holds Mare Island Navy Yard records covering the 1917-18 construction and the late-1941 overhaul.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1917-1946 (record subjects)
- Limitations
- Archival leads only - the NAID 78116429 reference is reported by NavSource's photo caption and was not resolved against the live NARA catalog (JS-driven); no listed source is stated to contain asbestos or materials data. Deck logs record events, not materials; RG 19 General Information Books are the standard path for hull-level material specifications and were not pulled.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-light-target-2-ix36-05
-
[7]Shipscribe 'Unclassified (IX), Special Types' index (S.S. Roberts): IX-36 (I) ex DD-107 Hazelwood; IX-36 (II) ex DD-136 Boggs, later AG-19; DANFS Sinclair (DD-275) entry ('renamed Light Target-3 (IX-37)' 22 Nov 1930, conversion cancelled); NavSource designation chronology; NHHC designation chain (ev-02) [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipscribe.com/usnaux/IX3/IX3type.html (IX-35, IX-36(I)/(II), IX-37(I)/(II) entries); DANFS Sinclair entry, 1930-31 paragraph; navsource.net/archives/11/0903.htm chronology
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- IX-36 / Light Target No. 2 consolidation record: while in reserve, this hull (DD-136) was reclassified an Unclassified Miscellaneous auxiliary and renamed Light Target No. 2 (IX-36) on 11 August 1931; the name Boggs was restored and the hull reclassified Miscellaneous Auxiliary AG-19 on 5 September 1931 (NavSource chronology; NavSource marks IX-36 'an unofficial filing designation'). The Shipscribe IX index documents that the IX-36 / 'Light Target No. 2' designation was assigned twice in 1931: IX-36 (I) to USS Hazelwood (DD-107) and then IX-36 (II) to this hull (DD-136), later AG-19, after the Hazelwood assignment did not proceed. The convention was real: DANFS records the sister flush-decker Sinclair (DD-275) 'renamed Light Target-3 (IX-37)' on 22 November 1930 before her conversion was cancelled, and NHHC's own photography page lists IX-36 in Boggs's designation chain. The exposure-map 'USS Light Target #2 (IX-36)' listing is therefore this hull - the DD-136 Boggs - not a separate vessel; no ship ever served long under the IX-36 designation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1931
- Limitations
- Shipscribe and NavSource are specialist reference sites transcribing Navy Register data - the IX-36 sequence is corroborated by NHHC's own designation chain and by the parallel DANFS-documented Sinclair renaming, but the day-level dates rest on transcription. The dual assignment of IX-36 (Hazelwood, then Boggs) means an IX-36-keyed record could conceivably conflate two hulls; Hazelwood's assignment did not proceed (she never served as a target - decommissioned November 1930, sold for scrapping 1935).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-light-target-2-ix36-06
-
[8]CourtListener API v4 search, opinion and docket (RECAP) indexes; authenticated fleet-paced helper /Users/charlesfletcher/devin-prompts/cl-auth-search.py (invoked via cl-patient-search.py pacing wrapper), 2026-09-29 [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-light-target-2-ix36-11 through sl-uss-light-target-2-ix36-23
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener name/designator sweep completed 2026-09-29 across 13 queries on the opinion and RECAP docket indexes covering 'USS Boggs', 'DD-136', 'DMS-3', 'AG-19', 'IX-36', 'Light Target', and a 'Boggs asbestos' surname control: no qualifying asbestos litigation located and no case naming this hull located. Exact-name 'USS Boggs' returned zero opinions and zero dockets. Every designator query returned only collisions: 'DD-136' matched docket-designator and exhibit-label strings (e.g., City of Jacksonville v. Slaughter's Duval County 'DD-136' designator; 'Exhibit DD-136' labels); 'DMS-3' matched entity names (Dealer Management Systems, Dairy Marketing Services) and judge-initials docket suffixes ('cr-...-DMS-3'); 'AG-19' matched attorney-general citations, corporate 'AG' names, exhibit labels ('AG-19 Joint Interest Audits'), and investigator badge numbers (722 dockets / 3,539 documents); 'IX-36' matched SEC 'Counts VII, VIII, and IX' strings and complaint full text in the 2025 D.S.C. AFFF firefighting-foam product-liability cohort (166 dockets / 207 documents) plus 31 unrelated opinion hits; 'Light Target' matched firearms-marksmanship language in gun litigation, Target Corporation securities cases, and one WWI ordnance-patent opinion (Isham v. United States). The 'Boggs asbestos' control returned 241 hits that are entirely surname/firm-name collisions (Patton Boggs LLP; individual Boggs plaintiffs) with no vessel or Navy-ship reference identifiable.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29 (index coverage varies by source corpus)
- Limitations
- Coverage is limited to CourtListener's opinion and RECAP docket indexes - state-court filings, non-RECAP federal dockets, and unindexed documents are outside scope, and a negative sweep does not prove no litigation ever existed. Classification is conservative per litigation-stage discipline: hits whose designator string matches non-vessel text (docket numbers, exhibit labels, badge numbers, attorney-general citations, corporate 'AG' names) are classified collisions, not qualifying. The IX-36 docket hits include several 2025-filed D.S.C. product-liability complaints against 3M/AGC-type defendants (the AFFF firefighting-foam cohort sited in the Charleston federal court) where 'IX-36' matches inside complaint full text; no vessel reference is identifiable from docket metadata and the complaint documents were not pulled - carried non-qualifying. 'Boggs' unqualified is too common a surname to sweep exhaustively; the asbestos-control page reviewed showed only name collisions.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-light-target-2-ix36-07
-
[9]Thomas Wildenberg, 'Crewless Ghost Ships of the Interwar Navy,' Naval History Magazine (U.S. Naval Institute), March 2014 [reputable_press]
- Locator
- USNI Naval History Magazine, March 2014, 'The Stoddert's Radio-Control Career' section
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Radio-controlled-target program context naming this hull: the U.S. Naval Institute's Naval History Magazine review of the interwar crewless-target program records that the Navy converted flush-deck destroyers into maneuvering, crewless high-speed targets for dive-bombing and fleet gunnery exercises - the lead conversion Stoddert (Light Target No. 1, IX-35) 'paved the way for the Boggs (DD-136), which was also turned into a radio-controlled target ship, bearing hull number AG-19... The Boggs would serve with Mobile Target Division 1 for almost nine years conducting high-speed tests, sweeping mines, and towing gunnery targets.' The article documents the operating profile: the target ship ran crewless under radio control conned from a nearby destroyer, with metal stack 'hats' fitted to prevent practice bombs dropping down the funnels (matching the NavSource 'stack screens' photo captions).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1931-1940
- Population
- Mobile Target Division 1 crews; conversion/overhaul yard workforces
- Limitations
- Establishes the mission profile (crewless under radio control during attack exercises; crew aboard for transits, maintenance, towing, sweeping operations) and program context - not materials or asbestos content. The crewless operating pattern bounds, but does not eliminate, the service-era exposure model for this hull: crews and yard workers still worked the ship between exercises and during her conversion/overhaul periods.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-light-target-2-ix36-08
-
[10]Batch-4805 search ledger (this record): live NHHC DANFS page; NHHC photography-page designation chain; NavSource DD-136/DMS-3 index pages; Shipscribe IX index; USNI program review; NARA leads; Atlas shipyards.json builder check; CourtListener name/designator sweeps; Naval Vessel Register (not applicable - struck 1946) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-light-target-2-ix36-01 through sl-uss-light-target-2-ix36-23
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no hull survey exists or was generated (the hull was sold to Northern Metals Co., Philadelphia, on 27 November 1946 and broken up decades before shipbreaking asbestos documentation), no abatement contract or hazmat disclosure exists, and the completed CourtListener name sweeps returned no case naming the ship. The hull left Navy custody in 1946 - before the era that produced asbestos documentation or litigation - so the usual exposure-record pathways (postwar yard abatement records, museum hazmat disclosures, veteran litigation naming this hull) do not exist for it.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1917-18-built steam destroyer consistent with era practice would have carried insulated steam-plant materials, and her documented conversion and overhaul events are the type that disturb such material. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-light-target-2-ix36-09