Evidence
7 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-7).
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[1]research packet gn-packet.md (4 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lindsey-dd771-pkt-gn-packet-md
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[2]DANFS, Lindsey (DM-32) (builder, dates, service narrative, casualties; verbatim transcription - live NHHC page serves 404) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry, specifications block + service narrative
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull: laid down as DD-771 on 12 September 1943 by Bethlehem Steel Co., San Pedro, Calif.; launched 5 March 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Eugene E. Lindsey; reclassified DM-32 on 19 July 1944 (before commissioning); commissioned 20 August 1944, Comdr. T.E. Chambers in command; class Robert H. Smith (spec block: dp. 2,200; l. 376'6"; s. 34 k.; cpl. 363; a. 6 5", 12 40mm). Service: shakedown off southern California; departed San Francisco 25 November 1944 for Ulithi via Pearl Harbor; Iwo Jima operations 17-19 February 1945 (six gun positions destroyed, covering minesweepers); arrived off Okinawa 24 March 1945, swept harbor for inbound transports; 12 April 1945 mass kamikaze attack - gunners hit seven dive bombers but two 'Vals' crashed the ship, killing 57 and wounding 57, second hit ripped ~60 feet off the bow; towed to Kerama Retto; towed to Guam 28 April-6 May for temporary bow; under own power 8 July via Pearl Harbor and Panama Canal to Norfolk, arriving 19 August 1945; extensive repairs at Norfolk Naval Shipyard; to Charleston March 1946; decommissioned 25 May 1946 into the Atlantic Reserve Fleet; berthed at Philadelphia into 1969; two WWII battle stars.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1943-1969
- Population
- Bethlehem Steel San Pedro construction trades 1943-44; wartime crew (DANFS complement 363); Norfolk Naval Shipyard repair workforce 1945-46
- Limitations
- DANFS documents service history and specifications, not materials or asbestos content. Entry predates the ship's 1970 striking and 1972 disposal - termination events are covered by the NHHC Online Library row (ev-03). Mirror transcription cited because the live NHHC page returns 404.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lindsey-dd771-01
-
[3]Bureau of Ships, War Damage Report No. 51: Destroyer Report - Gunfire, Bomb and Kamikaze Damage, Including Losses in Action, 17 October 1941 to 15 August 1945 (Preliminary Design Section, Navy Department, 25 January 1947); NHHC mirror via HyperWar/ibiblio [other_primary]
- Locator
- Section II summary discussion (ship plate entry, Photos 2-3 and 2-4) and Section 11 discussion of magazine explosions
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official BuShips engineering analysis names this hull: 'SHIP LINDSEY (DM32), 2200 Tons Standard, Damaged in Action off Okinawa 12 April 1945.' First Val crashed the starboard side as far forward as frame 69 with a small bomb detonating; second Val hit the port side at frame 30 at first-platform level about one minute later, and the magazine explosion (mass deflagration of 5-inch powder cartridges in A-404-M, frames 18-26) blew off the bow including Mount 1; keel sheared at frame 30; main deck hinged upward at about frame 60; flooding extended to bulkhead 72; main propulsion plant and gyro remained intact. Emergency repairs at Kerama Retto made bulkhead 60 watertight (docked in ARD-26, April 1945); towed stern-first to Guam; returned to Norfolk under own power with a false bow installed at Guam. The report cites Lindsey alongside Shaw (DD-373) and Longshaw (DD-559) as an example of a full powder magazine explosion demolishing the whole end of a ship.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1945-1947
- Population
- Crew aboard 12 April 1945 (57 KIA, 57 WIA per DANFS); Kerama Retto/Guam repair parties; Norfolk Naval Shipyard workforce 1945-46
- Limitations
- Engineering damage analysis, not a materials or asbestos document - it does not identify insulation or other contents as asbestos-containing. It does establish the scale of the 1945-46 repair scope (bow reconstruction, frames 18-72 affected), which defines the exposure-relevant yard event, and confirms the machinery spaces aft survived intact. NHHC mirror cited via ibiblio.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lindsey-dd771-02
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[4]Naval Historical Center, Online Library of Selected Images: USS Lindsey (DM-32, originally DD-771, later MMD-32), 1944-1972 (NHHC page text mirrored verbatim at HyperWar/ibiblio; live history.navy.mil page returns 404) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NHHC Online Library page text + photo captions for 80-G-330108, 80-G-344369, 80-G-248133, 80-G-344361/62
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NHHC ship page for this hull: 'a 2200-ton Robert H. Smith class light minelayer ... Begun as a destroyer (designated DD-771), she was converted to a minelayer while still under construction and was commissioned in August 1944.' Confirms the never-served-as-DD-771 configuration. Two kamikaze hits off Okinawa 12 April 1945 killed nearly sixty crewmembers and destroyed the bow; Guam temporary repairs May-July 1945 (photo captions document the 'snub' bow fitted at Apra Harbor); decommissioned May 1946; Atlantic Reserve Fleet; 'redesignated MMD-32 in 1969'; 'stricken from the Naval Vessel Register in October 1970'; 'expended as a target off the Virginia coast in May 1972.' NARA photo holdings referenced: 80-G-330108 (damage at Kerama Retto, 14 April 1945), 80-G-344369 (Guam, 16 June 1945), 80-G-248133 (off U.S. West Coast, 6 September 1944), 80-G-344361/62 (Apra Harbor, July 1945, post-repair 'snub' bow).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1944-1972
- Population
- Reserve-fleet caretakers 1946-1970; target-preparation and weapons-test workforce 1970-72
- Limitations
- Establishes disposition dates and the converted-before-commissioning status, not materials or asbestos content. Gives striking month (October 1970) and sinking month/year/locale (May 1972, off Virginia) - the day-level figures (1 October 1970; 9 May 1972) come from NavSource secondary compilations and are noted accordingly. The NVR does not carry pre-1987 disposals, so the register's own page is unavailable.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lindsey-dd771-03
-
[5]DANFS specifications block (Robert H. Smith class; Bethlehem Steel Co., San Pedro) + BuShips War Damage Report No. 51 ('a minelayer conversion from DD692 Class vessel') + Atlas shipyard dataset, Norfolk Naval Shipyard record (asbestos disposal documented at yard landfill sites) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS spec block; War Damage Report No. 51 Lindsey entry; shipyards.json record 'norfolk-naval-shipyard'
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference: a Robert H. Smith-class destroyer minelayer converted on the ways from an Allen M. Sumner-class hull (DD-692 class, confirmed by the BuShips report) with the class-standard four-boiler Babcock & Wilcox / geared steam turbine plant (60,000 shp, 34 kt) would have carried period-standard asbestos insulation, lagging, gaskets, packing, and fireproofing throughout the engineering spaces and steam systems. The 1945-46 bow reconstruction at Norfolk Naval Shipyard was a multi-month yard event at a yard whose own Atlas record documents asbestos disposal in site landfills. Builder Bethlehem Steel San Pedro (Terminal Island) is not separately represented in the Atlas yard dataset - carried in gaps. NARA RG19 'General Information Books' per-vessel material specifications are an archival lead for hull-level specs.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1943-1972
- Population
- Bethlehem San Pedro construction trades 1943-44; crew 1944-46; Norfolk NSY repair workforce 1945-46; reserve-fleet caretakers 1946-70
- Limitations
- Class/era and repair-yard inference only - no ship-specific asbestos finding exists for this hull. Nothing here establishes that asbestos was or was not present aboard DM-32, in what quantity, or whether any individual was exposed. The Norfolk NSY yard record documents site contamination history, not work performed on this vessel.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lindsey-dd771-04
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[6]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (18 October 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2
- Finding type
- regulatory
- Finding
- GAO documented the Navy's extensive use of asbestos insulation aboard ships with substitution not beginning until the early 1970s. Lindsey's entire lifecycle - construction 1943-44, wartime service 1944-46, bow reconstruction 1945-46, reserve berth 1946-70, and disposal 1972 - falls inside the documented asbestos-use era, which is the period context for the class/era inference row.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1943-1972 (vessel lifecycle); 1979 (report)
- Limitations
- Program-level report; gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetches, so the product-page description is relied on (full-text pull remains an open lead). Fieldwork yards were elsewhere; this is era context, not hull evidence. Establishes nothing about materials aboard DM-32.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lindsey-dd771-05
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[7]Batch-3744 search ledger (this record): DANFS/HyperWar; NHHC Online Library ship page and photo captions; BuShips War Damage Report No. 51; Naval Vessel Register (pre-1987 disposals not covered); NavSource photo archives; Atlas shipyard dataset [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lindsey-dd771-01 through sl-uss-lindsey-dd771-06
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or museum/transfer material characterization naming DM-32 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). The hull was expended as a target off Virginia in May 1972, which forecloses the museum-era disclosures and preserved-hull surveys that produced ship-specific findings for other vessels (e.g., USS Laffey DD-724).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 2026-09-27
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - for a 1943-44 steam-plant destroyer-minelayer, era-standard asbestos materials are the inference, not a ship-proven fact. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility. CourtListener sweep status is recorded in the search_ledger.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lindsey-dd771-06