Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
-
[1]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during World War II - the era covering this hull's 1944 construction at Pennsylvania Shipyards, Beaumont, and her 1945 reefer conversion at Todd Galveston Dry Dock, Galveston.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 1940s (study scope); hull 1944-1973
- Population
- WWII-era shipbuilders and shipyard workers (era context)
- Limitations
- Program-level scholarship, not a hull record - does not name this vessel, this builder, or this conversion yard, and establishes no asbestos application aboard this hull; asbestos presence aboard this hull is era inference, not ship-proven. Does not establish quantity, location, present-day presence, individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lioba-af36-01
-
[2]Bowles, Oliver, 'Asbestos,' U.S. Bureau of Mines Bulletin 403, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 1937 (mirrored scan) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Bulletin 403, heat-insulation history section
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- U.S. Bureau of Mines Bulletin 403 documents that asbestos heat-insulation products were established decades before this hull's 1944 construction: asbestos-cement boiler covering was first tried about 1870; canvas-covered sectional magnesia pipe covering appeared in 1885; asbestos paper was used from about 1878 to protect hair-felt insulation from the heat of steam pipes. Thermal-insulation products of the WWII era commonly contained asbestos fiber.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 1870s-1937 (product history); hull 1944-1973
- Population
- WWII-era shipbuilders and machinery crews (era context)
- Limitations
- Product-history documentation, not a hull record - does not name this vessel and does not itself describe shipboard installation aboard any specific hull; asbestos presence aboard this hull is era inference, not ship-proven. Does not establish quantity, location, present-day presence, individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lioba-af36-02
-
[3]Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Vol. 4 (1969), p. 119, 'Lioba' entry (public-domain transcription via hazegray/losthistory.net mirror; canonical NHHC URL returns 404) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS Vol. 4 p. 119, Lioba (AF-36) entry; mirror file danfs/auxil/af36.txt
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS (Vol. 4, p. 119, 1969) records: Lioba (AF-36), Adria class, laid down under Maritime Commission contract 23 June 1944 by Pennsylvania Shipyard, Beaumont, Tex.; launched 27 August 1944, sponsored by Mrs. W. B. Porter; acquired by the Navy 17 February 1945; commissioned 6 March 1945, Lt. Sidney L. Boisdore in command. After Gulf of Mexico shakedown she departed Mobile 30 March 1945 for Pearl Harbor, Ulithi and Okinawa, arriving 4 June [1945] and supplying fresh meat and provisions to ships anchored off Hagushi Beach; then Auckland and Napier, New Zealand; Pearl Harbor on V-J Day; western-Pacific occupation cargo runs to Guam, Saipan, Tinian, Tokyo and Yokosuka; Hampton Roads 30 May 1946. From 10 January 1947 she made the first of 11 Mediterranean cruises with the Service Force, Atlantic Fleet (provisions to the 6th Fleet at Golfe Juan and Naples), interleaved with three Guantanamo Bay training cruises; departed Naples 10 April 1955, arrived Norfolk 24 April, steamed to Charleston 30 July 1955, decommissioned there 14 October 1955 and entered the Atlantic Reserve Fleet; transferred to the Maritime Commission and struck from the Navy list 1 July 1960; berthed James River NDRF into 1969. Namesake per DANFS: 'a star.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 1944-1969
- Population
- Ship's crew, 1945-1955 (historical context)
- Limitations
- Primary official ship history; establishes identity, construction, operations and disposal dates only - contains no asbestos, insulation-material, or hazmat information whatsoever. Canonical NHHC DANFS URL returns 404 (standing link rot); text verified via public-domain transcription.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lioba-af36-03
-
[4]Shipscribe, 'USS Adria (AF-30) Class' - compiled construction/disposition tables, class notes and ship notes from Navy Ship's Data records [other_primary]
- Locator
- AF-30 class page: class data block, class notes (R1-M-AV3 conversion history), construction and disposition tables, ship notes (MC hull 2200)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Shipscribe Adria (AF-30) class compilation (S.S. Roberts, from Navy Ship's Data / NavData records): the class is a refrigerated variant of the C1-M-AV1, MC design R1-M-AV3; Lioba is MC hull 2200, keel 23 Jun 44, acquired 17 Feb 45, commissioned 6 Mar 45. Class notes document that after refrigerating-machinery production delays, the Navy supplied refrigerating machinery of its own design for AF 30-39 installed at fitting-out yards; the ship note for AF-36 records conversion by Todd Galveston Dry Dock, Galveston, Tex. (in service for ferrying 17 Feb 1945). Disposition table: decommissioned 14 Oct 55, stricken 1 Jul 60, title to MA 30 Jun 60, MA sale 18 Oct 73.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 1943-1973
- Population
- Conversion-yard workers, Todd Galveston Dry Dock (1945); Pennsylvania Shipyards builders (1944-45)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation of primary Navy/Maritime Commission records; documents construction, conversion yard and disposition - contains no insulation-material itemization and no asbestos information; any asbestos scope in the documented Todd Galveston conversion work is inference, not supported by this source.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lioba-af36-04
-
[5]NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive, USS Lioba (AF-36), index 09/06/0636 - spec sheet, milestones, commanding-officer list [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 09/06/0636 spec table, awards/occupation table, milestone list, CO list
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NavSource Service Ship Photo Archive, AF-36 page: Adria Class Stores Ship spec sheet - displacement 3,139 t. (lt) / 7,435 t. (fl); 338'6" x 50' x 21'1"; 11.5 kts (trial); complement 10 officers + 74 enlisted; cargo 3,170 DWT (non-refrigerated 47,510 cu ft; refrigerated 114,580 cu ft); armament 1 x 3"/50 DP + 6 x 20mm; one Nordberg Diesel TSM engine, three 250 kW diesel-driven ship's service generators, 1,700 shp, one propeller; diesel fuel 6,300 bbls. Milestones: occupation service periods (Europe Nov-Dec 1945, Mar-Apr 1946; Asia Mar, Jul-Aug, Aug 1947; Feb 1948; Feb-May, Oct-Nov 1949); decommissioned 14 Oct 1955 Charleston; custody to MARAD 26 Jan 1960 (NDRF James River, Lee Hall, VA); title transfer 30 Jun 1960; struck 1 Jul 1960; sold for scrapping 18 Oct 1973 to National Unity Marine Salvage Corp.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 1944-1973
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled archival index drawing on official records; establishes specs and milestone dates - contains no asbestos, insulation-material, or hazmat information. Page contains a typo ('delivered, 23 October 1972') corrected against MARAD records - see correction row.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lioba-af36-05
-
[6]MARAD Vessel History Database, LIOBA (AF-36) Ship History Detail 3034; status card images 3034_AF.jpg (Record of Ship Sales) and 3034_5644AF.jpg (Reserve Fleet - Ship Particulars) [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- Detail page milestones (Entry/Acquisition 1/26/1960; Disposition/Withdrawl 10/23/1973, 'CUST 1960 NDRF 1960'); status cards /cards/3034_AF.jpg and /cards/3034_5644AF.jpg
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- MARAD Vessel History Database, Ship History Detail 3034, plus digitized vessel status cards (Form MA-383 'Reserve Fleet - Ship Particulars' and Form MA-20 'Record of Ship Sales'): LIOBA (AF-36), type R1-M-AV3, builder Pennsylvania [Shipyards], year built 1945, hull MC-2200, James River fleet; entered NDRF 26 Jan 1960 (1535 hrs EST), custody stamped 'Reimbursable - Navy Temp. Custody'; title transfer to MARAD 30 Jun 1960; withdrawn 23 Oct 1973 (1200 EDT), reason 'Sold for scrap under PD-X-964, 10-18-73 to National Unity Marine Salvage Corp. for $57,600.00'. The sale card (PD-X-964) records award to National Unity Marine Salvage Corp. / Trebor Marine Corporation on 10-18-73 for $57,600.01 under contract MA-7114, advertised after PD-X-961 drew no bids, awarded under condition '(2) Scrap Hull - U.S.' with 24-month completion.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 1960-1973
- Population
- Scrapping-yard workers (1973-75, undocumented)
- Limitations
- Primary federal custody/sale records; establishes NDRF custody, title transfer and the scrap-sale terms - contains no asbestos, insulation-material, or hazmat information and does not document the scrapping location or whether hazardous materials were surveyed before dismantling.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lioba-af36-06
-
[7]NARA record-group guides (RG 19 Bureau of Ships; RG 178/RG 32 Maritime Commission) and NARA deck-logs/war-diaries collection descriptions; NARA Catalog online is JS-rendered and returned no fetchable ship-level hits [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov query 'lioba' - no retrievable ship-level record via public fetch
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (existence confirmed at collection level only, not retrieved - no spend authorized): (a) NARA College Park holds WWII-era war diaries and Navy deck logs for auxiliaries of this period; AF-36 logs for 1945-1955 service would sit in that series; (b) RG 19 (Bureau of Ships) records may hold the ship's book, general plans and the AF-conversion correspondence underlying the shipscribe class notes (Navy-furnished refrigerating machinery, fitting-out-yard installations); (c) Maritime Commission records (RG 178/RG 32) may hold the MC hull 2200 contract and R1-M-AV3 specification material; (d) Pennsylvania Shipyards and Todd Galveston Dry Dock yard records, where they survive, would be the likeliest repositories of construction/conversion material callouts.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 1944-1973 records
- Limitations
- Collection-level inference only; no box-level retrieval performed and no asbestos-specific documents identified - nothing in this row is an asbestos finding. Whether these records contain insulation-material information is unknown until surveyed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lioba-af36-07
-
[8]Batch-534 search ledger (this record): NHHC/DANFS canonical URL (404) + hazegray mirror; NavSource; shipscribe; MARAD ShipHistory 3034 + status cards; CourtListener API v4 opinion and docket searches; web-indexed court records; Library of Congress pictures/HAER search [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lioba-af36-01 through sl-uss-lioba-af36-10
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, specification itemization, or docketed asbestos case naming USS Lioba, Lioba, or AF-36 was found in the public sources searched; the hull was sold for scrap in October 1973 so no present-day hull survey exists. CourtListener API v4 opinion searches returned 0 hits for 'Lioba' and 0 for 'USS Lioba'; 'AF-36' returned 11 opinions, all name collisions (the string appears in military-records and administrative cases as a form/procedure code - e.g., Powers v. Donley, Clark v. United States, Whitfield v. State - none naming the vessel). The docket-level (type=r) search was throttled (HTTP 429) before returning - the dedicated docket pass is incomplete. Web-indexed litigation search returned no qualifying case; the only asbestos-context page naming Lioba is a law-firm marketing ship list, excluded per batch source rules.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 2026-09-20
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944-built refrigerated stores ship insulated to era practice is era-consistent with asbestos-containing machinery-space and refrigeration-plant materials. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility. Docket-level litigation search incomplete pending a non-throttled CourtListener pass.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lioba-af36-08
-
[9]DANFS Vol. 4 p. 119 (complement 84; transfer/strike 1 Jul 1960); NavSource 09/06/0636 (10+74; 'delivered 23 Oct 1972'); shipscribe AF-30 class table (complement 69); MARAD Detail 3034 + status cards (custody 1/26/1960, title 6/30/1960, withdrawal 10/23/1973, $57,600.01/.00); NASA/JPL Small-Body Database, object '974 Lioba (A922 FC)' (namesake referent) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource spec/milestone tables; shipscribe class data block; MARAD Detail 3034 milestones + card images; JPL SBDB object record (ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.api?sstr=lioba)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Source discrepancies noted and resolved: (a) complement - DANFS gives 84 and the NavSource spec sheet lists 10 officers + 74 enlisted (84); the shipscribe class table lists 69 (1944). The DANFS/NavSource figure is adopted and the shipscribe variance flagged in gaps. (b) delivery date - NavSource prints 'delivered, 23 October 1972,' which would precede the documented 18 Oct 1973 sale; MARAD milestones and status cards record withdrawal 23 Oct 1973, so '1972' is treated as a typo. (c) transfer sequence - DANFS compresses the MARAD transfer into 'transferred to the Maritime Commission and struck from the Navy list 1 July 1960'; MARAD cards show three distinct events: NDRF custody entry 26 Jan 1960, permanent title transfer 30 Jun 1960, Navy-list strike 1 Jul 1960 - all three dates kept distinct in this record. (d) year built - MARAD records '1945' (completion/delivery year) while keel and launch fall in 1944; both conventions noted. (e) sale price - MA-20 sale card records $57,600.01 while the particulars card prints $57,600.00; the sale-record card controls. (f) namesake - DANFS identifies 'Lioba' only as 'a star'; the referent is minor planet 974 Lioba (A922 FC) per the NASA/JPL Small-Body Database, the provisional designation consistent with a 1922 discovery - the NavalCoverMuseum wiki's 'discovered March 18, 1922' claim is thereby corroborated in substance, but the JPL record is the cited source here.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 1944-1973
- Limitations
- Resolves publication-level discrepancies in secondary framings against primary MARAD records; does not affect identity or custody timeline materially. No asbestos content in any of these sources.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lioba-af36-09