Evidence
14 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-14).
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[1]research packet 530-packet.md (8 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lsm-116-lsm116-pkt-530-packet-md
-
[2]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 2 (1945 edition), LSM design table + per-hull roster (shipscribe.com scan of the official BuShips publication) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB 1945 v2, 'LANDING SHIP, MEDIUM (LSM)' design table (p. ~151) + roster block; engine footnote 4
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official BuShips roster entry for this hull: LSM116 (ex-LCT(7)-1616), built by Brown S. B. Co., Houston, Tex.; keel laid 21 Oct 1944; launched 11 Nov 1944; first commission 6 Dec 1944 - matching the NavSource milestones exactly. The LSM design table documents: length 203'6" oa (196'6" wl), beam 34'6", full-load displacement 1,095 t (743 t trial/beaching), diesel direct drive 2,800 shp on 2 shafts, ship's-service generators 2x100 kW 450V AC + 1x20 kW 120V DC diesel-drive, accommodations 5 officers + 54 enlisted; footnote assigns Fairbanks Morse engines Model 38D8-3/4x10 to hull block LSM1-145, which includes LSM-116.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding construction trades (1944); commissioning crew (Dec 1944)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific construction and class design data only; contains no asbestos or material-content information. PDF text-layer columnar layout is interleaved - per-hull dates read from the roster rows for LSM115/LSM116 (adjacent columns share lay/launch dates; LSM-116's commission reads 6 Dec 44). File moved on shipscribe.com since the class-profile citation (old /styles/usnaux/sdb/ path 404s; /pubs/ path verified live 2026-10-01).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-116-01
-
[3]NHHC, 'United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945' (online reading room) - fleet-order document placing this hull in LSM Flotilla Twelve, LSM Group 34, LSM Division 68 [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC page, 'LSM FLOTILLA TWELVE (1)' > 'LSM GROUP 34' > 'LSM DIVISION 68' listing
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official Pacific Fleet organization as of 1 May 1945 lists 'LSM 116 - Lt. Cdr. G. B. Hamby (USNR)' inside LSM Flotilla Twelve (1) under Commander LSM Flotilla TWELVE Lt. Cdr. A. F. Dineen, LSM Group 34 under ComLSMGrp 34 Lt. Cdr. V. W. Webb (USNR), in LSM Division 68 alongside LSM 114, 115, 117, 118, and 119. This corroborates the commissioned status, commanding officer, and flotilla/group assignment of this hull one month after the Okinawa landings.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1945-05-01
- Population
- LSM-116 ship's company as of May 1945
- Limitations
- Establishes fleet assignment and commander as of 1 May 1945 only; no asbestos content. NavSource prints 'LSM Division Sixty-Seven' for this hull - the NHHC document places her in Division 68; conflict carried in gaps/ev-13 (assignment could also have shifted). history.navy.mil rejects default curl UAs (404) but serves normally to browser agents - verified live via browser-UA fetch and firecrawl 2026-10-01.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-116-02
-
[4]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-116 (10/14/14116.htm) - timeline, awards, specifications, commanding-officer list, crew-donated photo record (history extract credited to LSM-LSMR Amphibious Forces, Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1997) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/14/14116.htm history block, awards table, specifications, commanding-officers table, commercial-service photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: laid down 21 Oct 1944 Brown Ship Building Co., Houston; launched 11 Nov 1944; commissioned USS LSM-116 6 Dec 1944, LCDR Guy B. Hamby USNR. WWII Asiatic-Pacific assignment: LSM Flotilla Twelve, LSM Group Thirty-four (flagship), 'LSM Division Sixty-Seven'; campaign credit Okinawa Gunto assault and occupation 1-3 Apr 1945; one battle star. Post-war occupation/China service: Navy Occupation Service Medal 20 Sep-8 Oct 1945 and 22 Oct-10 Dec 1945; China Service Medal (extended) 28 Sep-30 Nov 1945. Decommissioned 27 Apr 1946; laid up Pacific Reserve Fleet; struck from Naval Register, date unknown. Sold Oct 1958 to Foss Launch & Tug Co., Seattle, converted to workboat M/V Alaska Roughneck for Alaskan service; lost 28 Feb 1979 grounding/capsizing in Cold Bay near King Cove AK, skipper Eugene Love and deckhand Dan Buarnard lost. CO list: LCDR Hamby (Dec 1944-Sep 1945); LT Albert W. Gram (Sep-Dec 1945); LTjg Alfred Cereste (Dec 1945-27 Apr 1946). Crew photographs document Saipan loading Mar 1945, Okinawa, Tulagi, Wakayama Sep 1945, Sasebo Nov 1945, and the Foss conversion (bridge moved forward onto the gun deck; converted tank deck).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1979
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding trades (1944); ship's company 1944-46; Foss Launch & Tug conversion trades (1958); Alaska workboat crew (1958-79, incl. the two lost)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation drawing on Turner Publishing - its milestones agree with the official BuShips roster (ev-01) but 'Division Sixty-Seven' conflicts with the NHHC May 1945 organization (Division 68) and the strike date is 'unknown' vs a secondary 14 Jan 1958; both conflicts carried in gaps. Contains no asbestos content. navsource.net verified live 2026-10-01 (HTTP 200).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-116-03
-
[5]NARA file unit 'LSM-116' (NAID 2760749), RG 38 Records of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, series 'Material Inspection Reports and Related Documentation' (NAID 2092723, created by the Board of Inspection and Survey, covering 1940-1978), held at NARA College Park (paper, unrestricted) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA catalog NAID 2760749; series NAID 2092723; College Park - Textual Reference, container 74
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A Board of Inspection and Survey (INSURV) material-inspection file exists for this hull in the National Archives - the INSURV series that documents a vessel's material condition, exactly the record class that can contain hull-specific insulation/material descriptions. Held as a paper file unit (container 74) at the National Archives at College Park; unrestricted.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1940-1978 (series coverage)
- Population
- n/a (inspection file, period unknown)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: catalog metadata confirms the file exists and names this hull, but the content is undigitized and was not examined - it may or may not describe insulation or asbestos-containing materials. NARA catalog is JS-rendered; metadata retrieved via the catalog search endpoint, not the record page.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-116-04
-
[6]NARA records: 'USS LSM-116 - War Diary, 3/1/45 to 6/30/45' (NAID 101735811, micro serial 132016) and 'USS LSM-116 - War Diary, 7/1-31/45' (NAID 83529785, micro serial 137404) - digitized to Fold3 (fold3.com/image/296610020 and /300378087) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA catalog NAID 101735811 (diary 01-45, dated 5/11/1945) and NAID 83529785 (diary 02-45, dated 8/13/1945); Fold3 scans
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Two ship-specific war diaries covering March-June 1945 and July 1945 - the operational months spanning Okinawa, staging, and the approach to occupation duty - exist for this hull in NARA's WWII war diary records, scanned as part of the NARA-Fold3 collaboration.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1945-03-01 to 1945-07-31
- Population
- Ship's company, March-July 1945
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: Fold3 returns 403/paywall to direct fetch - diary content not reviewed this session. War diaries record operations and locations, rarely material content; any asbestos-relevant detail (yard availabilities, battle damage repair) would need on-page review.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-116-05
-
[7]Nauticapedia vessel profile 80489, 'Alaska Roughneck' (1944, steel landing craft) - cites Merchant Vessels of the United States (1963) [other_primary]
- Locator
- nauticapedia.ca vessel 80489, 'Story'/'Owners & Masters'/'References' sections
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Registry-anchored corroboration of the commercial career and loss: built 1944 by Brown Ship Building Co., Houston, TX; owned by the United States Navy 1944-1958; owned by Foss Launch & Tug Co., Seattle WA, 1958-1979; ran aground and capsized in Cold Bay near King Cove, Alaska on 28 February 1979 with the loss of two crew members. The profile's stated reference is Merchant Vessels of the United States (1963) - the official USCG merchant-vessel registry.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1958-1979
- Population
- Foss Launch & Tug workboat crew (1958-79); Alaska fishing/workboat trades
- Limitations
- Secondary heritage-vessel database (Maritime Museum of BC project) - its ownership and loss data match NavSource; the underlying official source (MVUS 1963) is named but was not itself retrieved. Documents the commercial hull, not Navy-era materials; the 1979 casualty record (USCG/NTSB marine casualty file) was not located in digitized sources.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-116-06
-
[8]Era inference built on: BuShips SDB 1945 v2 LSM design table (diesel plant; accommodation/enclosed-volume layout); NavSource specifications; GAO HRD-80-2 program-era documentation; wartime amphibious-ship construction practice at emergency Gulf Coast yards [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB 1945 v2 LSM design table; NavSource specifications block; GAO HRD-80-2 (ev-08)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered LSM-1-class landing ship built in 1944 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard applications aboard a vessel of this type and period were diesel exhaust and machinery lagging, gaskets, valve packing, electrical insulation, deck coverings/tile, bulkhead and accommodation insulation, and winch brake linings. As a diesel ship she carried no boilers - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1979
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding trades (1944); ship's company (1944-46); Foss conversion trades (1958); workboat crew (1958-79)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, or INSURV content was located for LSM-116 (the INSURV file lead, ev-04, is unexamined). Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity, no manufacturer attribution for this hull. Does not establish individual exposure or present-day presence - the hull is a 1979 wreck.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-116-07
-
[9]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction year (1944), Navy service (1944-46), and reserve-fleet layup (1946-58).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1979 (report); era reviewed spans WWII-1970s
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers and ship crews (program scope)
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved - gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetches (confirmed 2026-10-01); content via product-page description, consistent with prior batches' treatment.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-116-08
-
[10]Hansen v. Johns-Manville Products Corp., 734 F.2d 1036 (5th Cir. 1984) + USNI Naval History, 'The Brown Shipbuilding Company's Rise During World War II' (June 2025) [court_record]
- Locator
- 734 F.2d 1036 opinion (facts section; government-contract footnote); usni.org/magazines/naval-history/2025/june/brown-shipbuilding-companys-rise-during-world-war-ii
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Affirmed asbestos litigation at this hull's builder-site successor: Andrew Hansen worked for Todd Shipyards 1940-1966 as a pipefitter tearing out old insulation in ships and installing new asbestos-containing Johns-Manville insulation; he developed asbestosis and mesothelioma. The Fifth Circuit affirmed liability and remanded only on punitive-damages quantum (trial finding: jury verdict for the widow, S.D. Tex.). Separately, USNI Naval History documents that in 1949 the Brown Shipbuilding yard on Greens Bayou - where this hull was built in 1944 - was leased to Todd Shipyards Corporation as a ship repair facility.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1940-1966 (exposure window); 1984 (affirmance); 1949 (yard lease)
- Population
- Todd Shipyards repair-yard trades, Houston-area operations (1940-66 employment window)
- Limitations
- Builder-successor context only, three explicit caveats: (1) the opinion names 'Todd Shipyards' but does not identify which Todd yard(s) Hansen worked - Todd operated a separate wartime Houston yard (Todd Houston Shipbuilding) distinct from the Brown site it leased in 1949; (2) the lease postdates this hull's construction by five years - Hansen's exposure was ship-repair work, not evidence of 1944 construction materials; (3) nothing in the case names LSM-116 or any LSM. Does not establish conditions aboard this hull. Stage: trial finding, affirmed as to liability on appeal.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-116-09
-
[11]Shannon v. City of Anchorage, 478 P.2d 815 (Alaska 1970), CourtListener opinion 1435041, affirming judgment for the city after remand from Shannon v. City of Anchorage, 429 P.2d 17 (Alaska 1967), CourtListener opinion 1257109 [court_record]
- Locator
- 478 P.2d 815 (1970) facts and holdings; 429 P.2d 17 (1967) reversal/remand; companion opinions in CourtListener
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Ship-specific litigation naming this hull's commercial identity: appellant Shannon was chief mate aboard the ALASKA ROUGHNECK - 'a supply tug owned by Foss Launch and Tug Company' - when he fell ~25 feet from a wooden ladder onto a floating camel log at the Anchorage city dock on 7 April 1963 (vessel had towed Foss Barge No. 99 to the dock in Cook Inlet ice conditions). The 1967 opinion (429 P.2d 17) reversed a dismissal - a duty based on the city's alleged custom of furnishing Jacob's ladders was conceivable - and the record shows the vessel made 40-50 dock calls in summer 1962. After remand and jury trial (verdict for the city), the 1970 opinion affirmed: contributory-negligence instructions were harmless error and the custom evidence negated reliance.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1962-1963 (facts); 1967-1970 (appeals)
- Population
- Alaska Roughneck crew (chief mate Shannon; Capt. Rosenquist; crewmember Edwin Stultz); Foss port captain Donald Waggoner
- Limitations
- NOT asbestos litigation - a Jones Act/admiralty personal-injury case decided on duty-of-care and custom grounds; it contains no material or health-condition findings. Its value to this record is documentary: a court record independently establishes the hull's commercial identity (ex-LSM-116 as Foss's supply tug ALASKA ROUGHNECK) and operating pattern in Alaska waters in 1962-63. Stage: reversed at pleading stage (1967), defense verdict at trial, affirmed on appeal (1970).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-116-10
-
[12]Rude v. M/V Alaska Roughneck, Registry No. 288328, No. 3:79-cv-00075 (D. Alaska) - in rem docket, assigned Judge James M. Fitzgerald; filed 1979-03-16, terminated 1981-03-06 [court_record]
- Locator
- CourtListener RECAP docket 22207429, D. Alaska 3:79-cv-00075
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- An in rem admiralty action naming this hull - 'M/V Alaska Roughneck, Registry No. 288328' - was filed in the District of Alaska on 16 March 1979, sixteen days after the vessel's loss by grounding at Cold Bay, and remained open until 6 March 1981. The caption's in rem form and post-casualty timing are consistent with litigation arising from the 28 February 1979 loss (in which two crew members were lost), but the claim's nature is not established by the docket listing alone.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1979-1981 (litigation window)
- Population
- n/a
- Limitations
- Docket-level record only: the RECAP listing does not state the cause of action, and no opinion or filings were retrievable - the plaintiff 'Rude' does not match either lost crewman's surname (Love, Buarnard), so whether this is wrongful-death, wage, cargo, or salvage litigation is unverified. NOT asbestos litigation. Also establishes the hull's USCG documentation number (Registry No. 288328) as a registry fact.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-116-11
-
[13]Batch-5915 search ledger (this record): BuShips SDB 1945 v2; NHHC Pacific Fleet organization 1 May 1945; NavSource 10/14/14116; NARA catalog (war diaries + INSURV file); Nauticapedia; uboat.net cross-check; GAO HRD-80-2 product page; USNI Naval History; CourtListener API v4 (all queried name forms, opinions + dockets); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lsm-116-01 through sl-uss-lsm-116-12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific ASBESTOS record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or asbestos litigation naming USS LSM-116 (or its commercial identity M/V Alaska Roughneck) was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener coverage completed on all queried name forms: 'USS LSM-116' (o) = 0; 'LSM 116' (o) = 0; 'LSM-116' (o) = 23 hits, all name collisions or non-asbestos litigation (most plausible: In re Brown & Root Marine Operators, 267 F. Supp. 588 (S.D. Tex. 1965), verified as concerning a DIFFERENT converted ex-LSM, Barge MM-71); 'LSM-116' (r) = 2 dockets, both collisions (LSM Technologies Pty Ltd v. Sy-Klone; Simmons v. Valspar); 'Alaska Roughneck' (o) = 2 hits = the genuine ship-specific Shannon opinions (ev-10, non-asbestos); 'Alaska Roughneck' (r) = 1 docket = the genuine post-loss in rem Rude action (ev-11, non-asbestos). The only 'asbestos aboard' material located is law-firm marketing content asserting asbestos in LSM-class ships and at Brown Shipbuilding without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 2026-10-01
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - this was a wartime hull later converted for commercial service and lost in 1979 under pre-regulation conditions. Undigitized leads remain: the INSURV material-inspection file (ev-04), Fold3 war diaries (ev-05), RG 24 deck logs (not located in digitized catalog), and the Rude docket's underlying filings. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-116-12
-
[14]Designation/dating cross-check: NHHC US Pacific Fleet Organization 1 May 1945 (Division 68) vs NavSource history extract ('LSM Division Sixty-Seven', from Turner Publishing 1997); NavSource 'struck...date unknown' vs uboat.net 'Stricken on 14 January 1958' [other_primary]
- Locator
- NHHC fleet-org page LSM Division 68 listing; NavSource history line; uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/12727.html history block
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION/CONFLICT NOTES: (a) NavSource assigns this hull to 'LSM Division Sixty-Seven,' but the official NHHC fleet organization of 1 May 1945 places LSM 116 in LSM Division 68 (sisters 114, 115, 117, 118, 119 in the same division; Division 67 holds LSM 275/278/251/252/276/277) - the NHHC document is carried as the dated official record. (b) NavSource records the strike date as unknown; uboat.net gives 'Stricken on 14 January 1958' - the secondary date is consistent with the October 1958 sale but is not confirmed by a primary source and is carried only as a variant.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1945-1958
- Limitations
- Corrects/clarifies record-keeping details, not material claims. Division assignments could legitimately have changed between the Okinawa operation and 1 May 1945 - the sources may both be right for different dates; flagged rather than resolved. The strike date rests on a single secondary compilation. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-116-13