Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
-
[1]research packet tm-packet.md (2 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (secondary-source convergence)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Limitations
- qualifier: VERIFIED (secondary-source convergence)
- Evidence ID
- uss-lsm-136-lsm136-pkt-tm-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online, Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-136 hull page (history extract credited to LSM-LSMR Amphibious Forces, Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1997) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Hull page header chronology; launching photo caption (photo #855-44); sponsor-plaque caption
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- LSM-136 was laid down 16 March 1944 at Charleston Navy Yard, Charleston, S.C.; launched 19 April 1944; and commissioned as USS LSM-136 on 30 May 1944, Lt. John C. Stange, USNR, in command. A page photo documents the launching at 'point of pivot, US Navy Yard, Charleston, S.C., 19 April 1944' (US Navy Yard Charleston photo #855-44), and her sponsor plaque is displayed at the Los Angeles Maritime Museum.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- Charleston Navy Yard construction workforce; commissioning crew
- Limitations
- Establishes construction and commissioning identity for this hull; the page contains no asbestos, insulation-composition, hazmat, or exposure content. NavSource is a volunteer compilation; its dates are corroborated here by the embedded official yard photo caption and by ShipbuildingHistory, with residual variants noted in ev-09.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-136-lsm136-01
-
[3]NavSource Online, Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-136 hull page - Asiatic-Pacific Campaigns table, Okinawa assignment block, battle-star line, Okinawa photo caption [other_primary]
- Locator
- Campaign table, flotilla/group/division assignment block, awards ribbon list
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- During World War II USS LSM-136 was assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater and participated in the Leyte operation (Leyte landings, 20 October 1944) and the Okinawa Gunto operation (assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto, 1 April to 17 June 1945). For the Okinawa campaign she was assigned to LSM Flotilla Three (CDR W. F. Morrison, USN), LSM Group Eight (LCDR J. G. Blanche, USN), LSM Division Sixteen. USS LSM-136 earned two battle stars for World War II service. A page photo places her probably approaching the beach at Okinawa with USS LSM-57 and USS LSM-31, circa 1 April - 17 June 1945.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Ship's company and embarked troops during Leyte and Okinawa operations
- Limitations
- Establishes combat-service assignments and battle stars for this hull; campaign participation is unit-level framing, not a day-by-day deck-log record. No asbestos or exposure content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-136-lsm136-02
-
[4]NavSource Online, USS LSM-136 hull page - occupation-service table; cross-checked against NHHC 'Allied Ships Present in Tokyo Bay' (archived copy) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource Navy Occupation Service Medal table; NHHC faq69-2 Medium Landing Ship section (Wayback 2014-10-15 capture)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Following World War II, USS LSM-136 was assigned to occupation service in the Far East for the periods 20 September to 3 October 1945 and 18 October to 4 December 1945 (Navy Occupation Service Medal with Asia clasp). She is not among the 13 LSMs on the NHHC list of Allied ships present in Tokyo Bay for the 2 September 1945 surrender ceremony - consistent with her first occupation window opening 18 days after the ceremony.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1945
- Population
- Ship's company during Far East occupation service
- Limitations
- Establishes the two cited occupation windows only; the ship's precise whereabouts on 2 September 1945 are not documented in the sources reviewed. No asbestos or exposure content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-136-lsm136-03
-
[5]NavSource Online, USS LSM-136 specifications block [other_primary]
- Locator
- Hull page specifications block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource specifications for this hull: displacement 520 t. light / 743 t. landing / 1,095 t. fully loaded; length 203'6" overall; beam 34'6"; speed 13.2 knots maximum; complement 5 officers and 54 enlisted with troop accommodations for 2 officers and 46 enlisted; armament one twin bow-mounted 40 mm gun and four single 20 mm mounts; vehicle capacity 5 medium or 3 heavy tanks, or 6 LVTs, or 9 DUKWs; propulsion two Fairbanks Morse 38D81/8X10 reversible direct-drive diesels with hydraulic clutches, 1,440 BHP each at 720 rpm, twin propellers, 2,800 shp; ship's service generators two diesel-drive 100 kW 450 V A.C. and one diesel-drive 20 kW 120 V D.C.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Ship's company and embarked troop capacity
- Limitations
- Supports complement, capacity, and diesel propulsion only. No boiler or steam plant is documented in the cited specifications, and the page identifies no asbestos-containing component.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-136-lsm136-04
-
[6]NavSource Online, USS LSM-136 hull page - decommission/strike/disposition lines; ShipbuildingHistory Landing Ships Medium build table [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource chronology lines; http://shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/lsm.htm LSM-136 row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- LSM-136 was decommissioned 26 April 1946 at San Diego, CA; struck from the Naval Register 5 June 1946; and sold for scrapping in November 1946 to National Metal & Steel Corp., Terminal Island, San Pedro, CA. ShipbuildingHistory's LSM build table independently lists LSM-136 as Charleston NSY-built, delivered 30-May-44, 'Sold to National Metal 1946 for scrapping.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1946
- Population
- Shipbreakers, National Metal & Steel Corp., Terminal Island (1946-47)
- Limitations
- Establishes decommissioning, strike, sale, and scrapper identity; no shipbreaking-contract, hazmat, or material record for the 1946 scrapping was located - predating modern ACM-handling regulation. The Naval Vessel Register carries no entry (pre-1987 disposal).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-136-lsm136-05
-
[7]National Archives at Atlanta finding aid, RG 181 Ship Commissioning Files - Sixth Naval District, Charleston, SC (NAID 2694599) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Finding-aid box list, Box 5, LSM-136 row (4/18/1944)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A NARA finding aid documents a ship-specific commissioning file for this hull: RG 181, 'Ship Commissioning Files, 1942-1945,' Sixth Naval District at Charleston, SC (NAID 2694599), Box 5, lists an entry for Landing Ship, Medium LSM-136 dated 4/18/1944. The series consists of 'correspondence, invitations, and instructions relating to the commissioning of naval vessels at the Charleston Navy Yard during the World War, 1939-1945' and is held at the National Archives at Atlanta.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- Charleston Navy Yard commissioning-period workforce (file subject matter)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: the finding aid establishes that a commissioning file for this hull exists at NARA Atlanta; the file's contents were not reviewed (undigitized) and its 4/18/1944 date is ambiguous between launch-period and commissioning-period paperwork. Contains no known asbestos content, but commissioning-period construction files can carry material detail worth pulling.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-136-lsm136-06
-
[8]NHHC, 'The Navy's Happy Medium' (art exhibit caption, NH 85886-KN context); ShipbuildingHistory LSM build table [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Archived NHHC exhibit caption; shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/lsm.htm header and LSM-136 row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NHHC's official description of the LSM type: 'Needing a landing ship somewhere between the size and displacement of an LCI (Landing Craft, Infantry) and an LST (Landing Ship, Tank), the Navy turned the problem over to its architects and designers who came up with the compact and maneuverable LSM (Landing Ship, Medium).' ShipbuildingHistory documents 558 LSMs built in WWII by seven shipyards on the 203.5-foot, 520-ton LCT(7)-derived design; the Charleston NSY block included this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944 (type design context)
- Limitations
- Type-level background only; describes the LSM design program, not this hull's materials. Live NHHC page returned 404 on 2026-10-01 - citation is the verified Wayback capture. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-136-lsm136-07
-
[9]Inference from the ship-specific NavSource diesel specification and documented research gap; shipyard-exposure-map asbestos product list for charleston-naval-shipyard (yard-level dataset entry) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource propulsion block; shipyards.json entry charleston-naval-shipyard; source-review negative in search_ledger
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- No ship-specific asbestos survey, product inventory, abatement record, or condition report was located for LSM-136. As a WWII U.S. Navy diesel landing ship built at Charleston Navy Yard in 1944, possible class/era application categories are machinery or diesel-exhaust insulation, gaskets, packing, electrical insulation, and deck covering. Her builder is a documented asbestos-use yard in the Atlas shipyard dataset (documented products include pipe insulation, asbestos gaskets in pumps and valves, packing for rotating equipment, thermal insulation, and electrical insulation); that documentation is yard-level and names no hull.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Charleston Navy Yard construction workforce (1944); ship's company (1944-46); National Metal & Steel shipbreakers (1946)
- Limitations
- These are possible class/era and builder-yard categories, not a finding that asbestos was installed aboard LSM-136. The cited hull page does not identify asbestos or insulation composition; the yard dataset documents Charleston Naval Shipyard generally and names no hull. No quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation is established.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-136-lsm136-08
-
[10]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-10-01)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire 1944 construction and 1944-46 service era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1979 (report); era context 1944-46 for this hull
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers and crews; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation supporting era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetches) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-136-lsm136-09
-
[11]uboat.net Allied Warships, USS LSM 136 record (secondary); NavSource photo #855-44 caption; NARA RG 181 finding aid NAID 2694599 [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net LSM-136 record date block; NavSource launching photo caption; NARA finding-aid Box 5 row
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION: secondary source uboat.net lists this hull as ordered 15 September 1943, laid down 18 March 1944, and launched 18 April 1944 - differing from NavSource's 16 March 1944 (laid down) and 19 April 1944 (launched). NavSource's launch date is corroborated by its embedded official US Navy Yard Charleston photo #855-44 captioned 19 April 1944, while the NARA RG 181 commissioning file for LSM-136 is dated 4/18/1944 - matching uboat.net's launch date or reflecting file dating conventions. NavSource dates carried; the variants are unresolved.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944
- Limitations
- Corrects date variants circulating in secondary sources, not a material claim. NavSource (with its official-yard photo caption) is the preferred record; the 4/18/1944 NARA file date keeps the 18 April launch variant open pending review of the undigitized file. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-136-lsm136-10
-
[12]CourtListener API v4 via /Users/charlesfletcher/devin-prompts/cl-auth-search.py (authenticated) [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger sl-uss-lsm-136-lsm136-11; five authenticated queries, HTTP 200, count 0 each
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Authenticated CourtListener sweep completed 2026-10-01: zero opinions and zero dockets returned for "USS LSM-136" (type=o), "LSM-136" (type=o, type=r), and "LSM 136" (type=o, type=r). No qualifying asbestos litigation, other litigation, or name collision naming this hull was located in the CourtListener indexes.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 2026-10-01
- Limitations
- A clean index negative, not proof no litigation exists: CourtListener does not cover all state courts or unreported matters, and a numbered LSM could appear in pleadings under descriptive text not indexed by hull number. Classified at the lowest stage - absence of located records, not absence of claims.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-136-lsm136-11
-
[13]Source-review negative across the repositories listed in this record's search_ledger [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lsm-136-lsm136-01 through -12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, product inventory, or condition report for LSM-136 was found in the public sources searched (NavSource, NHHC/DANFS, NVR, NARA, ShipbuildingHistory, CourtListener, secondary web). The only 'asbestos aboard' content surfaced is law-firm/asbestos listicle material naming the LSM class without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 2026-10-01
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 Navy yard-built diesel landing ship sits squarely in the documented asbestos-use era, and the undigitized NARA commissioning file and deck logs may hold material detail. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-136-lsm136-12