Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
-
[1]research packet to-packet.md (1 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lsm-148-lsm148-pkt-to-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online, Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-148 hull page (history extract credited to 'LSM-LSMR Amphibious Forces,' Vol. II, Turner Publishing 1997); corroborated by uboat.net ship record 12759 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Hull page chronology (laid down / launched / commissioned lines); uboat.net build table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- LSM-148 was laid down 4 May 1944 at Charleston Navy Yard, Charleston, S.C.; launched 27 May 1944; and commissioned USS LSM-148 on 8 July 1944, Lt. Frederick W. Cely, USN, in command. The hull was ordered 15 September 1943 (uboat.net).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1943-1944
- Population
- Charleston Navy Yard construction workforce; commissioning crew
- Limitations
- Establishes construction and commissioning identity only; the page does not document asbestos, insulation composition, hazmat condition, exposure, or causation. NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation; the ordered-date comes from uboat.net, a second independent compilation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-148-lsm148-01
-
[3]NavSource Online, 'USS LSM-148 and USS LSM-149 Christening' page (contributed transcript of RADM Jules James's remarks, Navy Yard, Charleston, S.C., 8 July 1944) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Christening page heading and full remarks transcript
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- LSM-148 was christened together with sister ship LSM-149 at Charleston Navy Yard on Saturday, 8 July 1944 (2:15-2:45 p.m.) - the same day she was commissioned. Rear Admiral Jules James, USN, Commandant of the Sixth Naval District and Commanding Officer of the U.S. Navy Yard, Charleston, delivered the christening remarks urging the yard workforce to sustain war-production effort.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-07-08
- Population
- Charleston Navy Yard workforce addressed at the ceremony; commissioning crew
- Limitations
- Establishes the joint christening/commissioning-day ceremony and the yard commander's presence; a ceremonial transcript, not a material or hazmat record. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-148-lsm148-02
-
[4]NavSource Online, Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-148 hull page - Asiatic-Pacific Campaigns table, awards block, and NARA-captioned photographs; uboat.net notable-events entry (Operation Oboe II, 1 July 1945) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Asiatic-Pacific Campaigns table; awards block; photo captions 101402206 and 101426707
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- During World War II LSM-148 was assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater and earned four battle stars: Western Caroline Islands operation (Mapia Island 15 November 1944, Asia Island 19 November 1944, minor landings under HMAS Ariadne); Luzon operation (Mindoro landings 12-18 December 1944); consolidation and capture of the Southern Philippines (Mindanao Island landings 3 May 1945); and the Borneo operation (Balikpapan 26 June-6 July 1945, the Operation Oboe II landings per uboat.net). A U.S. Army Signal Corps photograph (NARA 111-SCA-Album_2849_007) places LSM-148 beached at Luzon alongside USS LSM-22 in December 1944; a further photograph places her alongside repair ship USS Jason (ARH-1) in San Pedro Bay, Leyte, 23 August 1945.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Ship's company and embarked troops (1944-1945)
- Limitations
- Establishes campaign participation, battle-star count, and photographed locations; not a complete voyage narrative and not asbestos or exposure content. NavSource misprints the Australian minelayer as 'Araidne' (HMAS Ariadne).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-148-lsm148-03
-
[5]NavSource Online, Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-148 hull page - postwar chronology and commanding-officer table [other_primary]
- Locator
- Postwar chronology paragraph; Commanding Officers table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- On 29 September 1945 LSM-148 landed at Jinsen (Inchon), Korea, with the first occupation troops. On the return voyage to the Philippines she encountered Typhoon Louise off Okinawa 5-8 October and sustained enough damage to require drydocking at Subic Bay for temporary repairs. She was assigned to occupation service in the Far East 11 November-10 December 1945. Commanding officers: Lt. Frederick W. Cely, USN (8 July 1944-December 1945); Lt.(jg) Kirk Y. Saunders, USN (December 1945-2 May 1946).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1945-1946
- Population
- Ship's company during occupation duty; Subic Bay repair workforce (temporary repairs, October 1945)
- Limitations
- Establishes occupation-era service, typhoon damage, and the Subic Bay repair availability - a maintenance event, not a hazmat record. Typhoon encounter dates are as NavSource states (5-8 October); the storm's Okinawa peak landfall is generally dated 9 October 1945 (see gaps). NavSource misprints the landing site as 'Jinson' - rendered here as Jinsen (Inchon). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-148-lsm148-04
-
[6]NavSource Online, USS LSM-148 specifications block [other_primary]
- Locator
- Specifications block (displacement through propulsion lines)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The hull page lists 5 officers and 54 enlisted, troop accommodations for 2 officers and 46 enlisted, and two General Motors 16-278A reversible direct-drive diesel engines with hydraulic clutches, 1,440 BHP each at 720 rpm, twin propellers, 2,800 shp, plus two diesel-driven 100 kW 450V AC and one 20 kW 120V DC ship's service generators.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Ship's company and embarked troop capacity
- Limitations
- Supports complement and diesel propulsion only. It does not establish any asbestos-containing component; no boiler or steam plant is documented in the cited specifications, so the boiler/turbine lagging pathway does not apply to this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-148-lsm148-05
-
[7]NavSource Online, USS LSM-148 hull page (decommissioning and final disposition); Naval Marine Archive Small Ships LSM build table [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource chronology (decommissioned / struck / final disposition lines); navalmarinearchive LSM table row 148
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- LSM-148 was decommissioned 2 May 1946. NavSource states the date she was struck from the Naval Register is unknown. She was sold in December 1946 to Ming Sung Industrial Co., China; her subsequent fate is unknown. The Naval Marine Archive build table corroborates: Charleston NSY, delivered 8-Jul-44, sold to Ming Sung Industrial 1946; Charleston NSY built the LSM-126 through LSM-558 block of the class.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1946
- Population
- Decommissioning crew (1946); Ming Sung Industrial Co. operators (1946 onward)
- Limitations
- Establishes decommissioning, stated unknown strike date, and the December 1946 commercial sale; no shipbreaking, hazmat, or asbestos record is supplied for the disposal. Post-sale Chinese-commercial fate is undocumented.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-148-lsm148-06
-
[8]Inference from the ship-specific NavSource diesel specification and builder attribution; documented asbestos product list for charleston-naval-shipyard in shipyards.json; source-review negative documented in search ledger [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource propulsion block and builder line; shipyards.json charleston-naval-shipyard product list
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- No ship-specific asbestos survey, product inventory, abatement record, or condition report was located. Because LSM-148 was a WWII U.S. Navy diesel landing ship built at Charleston Navy Yard - a yard whose documented asbestos product list includes magnesia pipe insulation, asbestos cement products, asbestos gaskets in pumps and valves, packing for rotating equipment, thermal insulation for steam systems, brake linings, and fireproofing materials - machinery or diesel-exhaust insulation, gaskets, packing, electrical insulation, deck covering, and joiner bulkhead panels are possible class/era application categories, but none is documented aboard this hull. No steam plant is documented, so the boiler/turbine lagging pathway does not apply.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Charleston Navy Yard construction trades (1944); ship's company (1944-46)
- Limitations
- These are possible class/era categories, not a finding that asbestos was installed aboard LSM-148. The cited hull page does not identify asbestos or insulation composition; the yard product list is yard-level, not hull-level. No quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation is established.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-148-lsm148-07
-
[9]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (highlights text; full-text PDF not pulled this session)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1944) and service era (1944-46). The GAO review covered the use of asbestos in Navy ships, the cost of removal, and compensation programs, with fieldwork at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1979 (report); WWII-1970s (program window)
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. GAO fieldwork yards were Long Beach and Norfolk - not Charleston - noted here for accuracy.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-148-lsm148-08
-
[10]Lemen RA, Landrigan PJ. 'Sailors and the Risk of Asbestos-Related Cancer.' Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Aug 9;18(16):8417. doi:10.3390/ijerph18168417 (PMC8394725) [other_primary]
- Locator
- PMC8394725 abstract and shipboard-asbestos narrative sections; embedded MARAD finding
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed occupational literature documents that chrysotile and amphibole asbestos were used extensively in ship construction for insulation, joiner bulkhead systems, pipe coverings, boilers, machinery parts, and bulkhead panels; that U.S. Maritime Administration review found government-subsidized ships contracted before 1973 'showed no discrimination against the use of asbestos insulation and lagging for piping and machinery, nor in the area of joiner bulkheading'; and that ship motion, vibration, and in-route repair release respirable fibers aboard ships at sea - a continuous-exposure dynamic distinct from 8-hour shipyard shifts.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- WWII-1970s construction era; review published 2021
- Population
- Merchant seamen and naval sailors at sea (era-wide); shipyard construction trades
- Limitations
- Era-wide literature review, not a hull record: documents shipboard asbestos applications and the at-sea exposure pathway generally; LSM-148 is not named. Does not establish materials aboard this hull, individual exposure, quantity, or disease causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-148-lsm148-09
-
[11]CourtListener API v4 via /Users/charlesfletcher/devin-prompts/cl-auth-search.py (opinion and docket indexes) [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lsm-148-lsm148-05 through -08
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Authenticated CourtListener API v4 searches returned no qualifying litigation naming this hull: exact hull string 'LSM-148' returned zero opinions and zero dockets, and the name variant 'USS LSM-148' OR 'LSM 148' returned zero opinions and zero dockets (all HTTP 200 authenticated, 2026-10-01). A general web litigation sweep located no qualifying case; no law-firm listicle naming this hull surfaced in the searches run.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 2026-10-01
- Limitations
- A zero-result index sweep is not proof no litigation ever named the hull: CourtListener indexes published opinions and RECAP dockets, and state-court filings naming vessel rosters are frequently unindexed. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-148-lsm148-10
-
[12]Source-review negative across NHHC/DANFS, NVR, and NARA records listed in search_ledger [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lsm-148-lsm148-03, -04, -11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific record was located in official repositories: no DANFS entry exists for this unnamed LSM hull (direct NHHC URL 404s; the NHHC photography index lists only LSM-201 among LSMs); the Naval Vessel Register carries no record because hulls disposed of before 1987 are excluded; and LSM-148's deck logs (July 1944-May 1946) are not among the digitized deck logs in the NARA catalog. No asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or condition report was found in the public sources searched.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 2026-10-01
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - this is the honest weak-record outcome. Non-digitized Navy records (RG 24 deck logs, RG 38 war diaries, yard work packages) and records not indexed by the searched services may contain additional evidence; asbestos documentation therefore remains class_or_era.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-148-lsm148-11
-
[13]NARA photograph reference via NavSource caption; NARA digitized deck-log index (archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/navy-online); NARA catalog search attempt [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA deck-log index page (LSM-148 absent); NavSource photo caption 101402206; catalog.archives.gov search endpoint (JS-rendered/API key-gated)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads for this hull: the NARA-held U.S. Army Signal Corps photograph 111-SCA-Album_2849_007 (LSM-148 and LSM-22 beached at Luzon, December 1944, transcribed in NavSource captions); paper deck logs for July 1944-May 1946 in RG 24 at Archives II; and any RG 38 war diary for the hull, whose digitization status could not be confirmed (NARA catalog API requires authentication and returned no usable response).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1946 (record coverage)
- Population
- Ship's company (1944-46); any future NARA requester
- Limitations
- Leads only: the Signal Corps photograph establishes Luzon presence in December 1944, not what work or materials were aboard. Deck logs and war diary are undigitized paper holdings; nothing in them has been reviewed. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-148-lsm148-12