Evidence
7 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-7).
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[1]NavSource Online, Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-159; history extract credited to LSM-LSMR Amphibious Forces, Vol. II (Turner Publishing Company, 1997) [other_primary]
- Locator
- USS LSM-159 history bullets, occupation-service and disposition lines
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The USS LSM-159 hull history records LSM-159 as laid down 29 May 1944 at Charleston Navy Yard, Charleston, South Carolina; launched 16 June 1944; commissioned 31 July 1944; assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater; assigned to Far East occupation service from 17 September 1945 to 1 September 1946; decommissioned 10 October 1946 at Naval Operating Base Subic Bay; struck from the Naval Register on an unknown date; sold 13 February 1948 to the Republic of China; and listed with final disposition fate unknown.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- Charleston Navy Yard construction workforce; USS LSM-159 crew; occupation-service personnel
- Limitations
- The live NavSource page is a specialist historical compilation credited to a published unit history, not an NHHC or NARA narrative. It contains no asbestos, insulation, hazmat, or condition information; the Naval Register strike date and post-transfer fate remain unknown.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-159-lsm159-01
-
[2]NavSource Online, Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-159 specification block [other_primary]
- Locator
- USS LSM-159 Specifications, Armament, Vehicle/Boat Capacity, and Troop Accommodations sections
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The ship-specific specification block reports 520 tons light displacement, 743 tons landing displacement, 1,095 tons fully loaded displacement, 203 feet 6 inches length, 34 feet 6 inches beam, 13.2-knot maximum speed, complement of 5 officers and 54 enlisted, troop accommodation for 2 officers and 46 enlisted, one twin 40 mm mount, four single 20 mm mounts, and capacity for 5 medium or 3 heavy tanks, 6 LVTs, or 9 DUKWs.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Ship's company and embarked troops/vehicle operators
- Limitations
- These are the source's hull specification figures; no separate official LSM-159 technical record was located to independently verify them. The specifications do not identify insulation or asbestos content and do not establish exposure or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-159-lsm159-02
-
[3]NavSource Online, Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-159 propulsion and ship's service generator specifications [other_primary]
- Locator
- USS LSM-159 Propulsion and Ship's Service Generators sections
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The ship-specific propulsion block reports two General Motors 16-278A reversible direct-drive diesel engines at 1,440 BHP each, twin propellers, 2,800 shp, and diesel-driven service generators consisting of two 100-kW 450V AC units and one 20-kW 120V DC unit.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Engine-room personnel and ship's company
- Limitations
- The source documents diesel propulsion, not asbestos-containing components. No boiler or turbine plant is documented in this specification block, but absence from the block is not proof that no asbestos-containing material was aboard.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-159-lsm159-03
-
[4]Corn and Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987), PubMed PMID 3555021 [other_primary]
- Locator
- PubMed abstract and bibliographic record, PMID 3555021
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A historical study indexed by the National Library of Medicine documents extensive use of asbestos as fireproofing and insulation in U.S. shipbuilding during the 1940s. This supports only class/era context for a 1944 LSM; it does not identify asbestos aboard LSM-159 or establish any particular product, quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1940s; article published 1987
- Population
- World War II U.S. shipbuilding workers and ship crews
- Limitations
- Program/era-level historical context, not ship-specific evidence. Possible machinery insulation, exhaust insulation, pipe insulation, gaskets, packing, electrical insulation, and fireproofing are not documented aboard this hull by this source.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-159-lsm159-04
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[5]U.S. General Accounting Office, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page highlights; full report linked from product page
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO's 1979 review examined Navy efforts to protect workers from asbestos exposure, including the use of asbestos in Navy ships, the cost of removing asbestos from Navy ships, and compensation programs. The report describes a 1975 Navy policy to remove and replace damaged or necessarily removed insulation, modified in 1979 to include selected high-maintenance areas.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1975-1979; report published 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers and Navy asbestos-control program
- Limitations
- Program-level review of Navy shipyards and policies, not a survey of LSM-159. It does not identify this hull, an asbestos-containing component aboard it, a quantity, a removal event, an individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-159-lsm159-05
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[6]Batch-5962 public-source review: NavSource USS LSM-159 page; PubMed historical study; GAO HRD-80-2; NHHC/NARA/NVR availability checks; CourtListener and Firecrawl access-gap records [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lsm-159-lsm159-01 through -09
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No ship-specific asbestos survey, abatement record, hazmat disclosure, material list, or primary exposure record was located for USS LSM-159 in the public sources reviewed. The available hull history and specification source contain no asbestos or insulation-material statement.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 2026-10-01
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard. CourtListener and Firecrawl access gaps limited the sweep. This row does not establish or defeat exposure, causation, or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-159-lsm159-06
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[7]CourtListener API v4 helper invocation via /Users/charlesfletcher/devin-prompts/cl-auth-search.py; fleet-paced access gap [court_record]
- Locator
- Helper stderr: fleet-wide request budget momentarily spent; exit 2 before HTTP response
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- The required authenticated CourtListener v4 exact-name opinion search for 'USS LSM-159' was attempted through cl-auth-search.py, but the fleet-wide pacing limiter returned a stand-down before the HTTP request. The exact-name docket search and exact-hull-number searches were not attempted after the helper's instruction to stop. No litigation result or negative finding is asserted.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 2026-10-01
- Limitations
- This is an access-gap record, not a no-result finding. No anonymous request, raw request, v3 endpoint, or retry loop was used. Qualifying asbestos litigation remains unresolved.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-159-lsm159-07