Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]research packet tr-packet.md (1 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS LSM-165. Verified hull: LSM-165. Designation: LSM (Landing Ship Medium). Type/class: LSM-1-class landing ship medium.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lsm-165-lsm165-pkt-tr-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-165 (archives/10/14/14165.htm) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Page header/spec block; service-history paragraph; awards block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: 'LSM-1 Class Landing Ship Medium: Laid down, 19 June 1944, at Charleston Navy Yard, Charleston, S.C.' 'Launched, 11 July 1944.' 'Commissioned USS LSM-165, 26 August 1944, LT. Grover B. McClure Jr. USNR in command.' 'During World War II USS LSM-165 was assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater.' 'Following World War II USS LSM-165 was assigned to Occupation service in the Far East from 7 September 1945 to 10 February 1947.' 'Decommissioned, 10 February 1947, in Japan.' 'Final Disposition, fate unknown.' Spec block (per page and cross-checked DANFS LSM-1-class sister spec block): displacement 520 tons (light) / 743 tons (landing) / 1,095 tons (full load); length 203'6"; beam 34'6"; speed ~13.2-13.3 kt; complement 5 officers, 54 enlisted; armament one twin 40mm bow mount, four single 20mm mounts. Awards: American Campaign Medal; Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal; World War II Victory Medal; Philippines Liberation Medal.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Charleston Navy Yard construction trades (Jun-Aug 1944); ship's crew (1944-1947)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific vessel history and spec block only; no asbestos or material content. NavSource is a volunteer-run secondary compilation, not a government registry, but its milestone dates and captions are drawn from official photo/record sources it reproduces; no conflicting primary source was located for these specific dates. No individual NHHC/DANFS narrative page exists for this hull (search_ledger sl-03) - LSM-165 was never renamed, and DANFS narrative entries generally exist only for LSM hulls that later received a name (e.g., Kodiak I, LSM-161).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-165-lsm165-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-165, photo caption (gun-barrel transport) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Photo caption, dated 12 March 1945
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Photo-documented for this hull: 'USS LSM-165 with two 16" gun Mk7, 50 cal. barrels loaded aboard...12 March 1945.' Caption indicates one gun barrel loaded forward and one aft; place of loading not stated.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-03
- Limitations
- Vessel-history/cargo fact only, photo-documented; no asbestos or material content. Place of loading is not given in the caption - cannot be tied to a specific yard or availability. This is a notable one-off cargo event (naval-gun-barrel transport), not a propulsion or hull-system fact.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-165-lsm165-02
-
[4]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-165, photo caption (Batangas Bay) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Photo caption, 'circa August-September 1945'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Photo-documented for this hull: 'USS LSM-165, USS LSM-221 and USS LSM-61 beached at Batangas Bay, P.I., circa August-September 1945.' Places this hull in the Philippines in the Occupation-transition window shortly before her Far East occupation-service period (7 Sep 1945 - 10 Feb 1947, ev-01).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-08/1945-09
- Limitations
- Vessel-history/location fact only, photo-documented; no asbestos or material content. 'Circa' date range in the original caption; exact day not given. Independent war-diary confirmation for this specific hull was not located this session (war diaries exist in NARA record group 38/24 for other LSM Flotilla 2 hulls operating in Batangas in March 1945, per batangashistory.date secondary compilation of declassified diaries, but none specific to LSM-165 was found).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-165-lsm165-03
-
[5]National Archives at Atlanta, finding aid for NAID 2694599, Record Group 181 (Naval Districts and Shore Establishments), 'correspondence, invitations, and instructions relating to the commissioning of naval vessels at the Charleston Navy Yard' (1942-1945) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Finding aid entry for LSM-165, Box 6, NAID 2694599
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The finding aid lists 'LSM-165' by name as one of the vessels commissioned at Charleston Navy Yard whose commissioning correspondence/invitation/instruction file is held in this NARA series, with a commissioning date of 8/26/1944 matching NavSource (ev-01), filed in Box 6 of the series (NAID 2694599, 1942-1945, ~170+ LSM-series vessels represented in the series overall).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944 (commissioning)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: the finding aid is an index/box-list entry, not the commissioning file itself - box 6 contents were not retrieved or read this session. Commissioning correspondence of this type (invitations, ceremony instructions) is not expected to contain asbestos or material content; it is cited here solely as independent corroboration that NARA holds a primary file for this hull's commissioning, and as an open lead for anyone requesting the physical box.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-165-lsm165-04
-
[6]Era inference built on: NavSource spec block for this hull (ev-01, LSM-1 class, diesel propulsion); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy-wide asbestos-era documentation (ev-06); secondary LSM-1 class propulsion literature (engine model/shp not independently verified) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource spec block (ev-01); secondary LSM-1 class propulsion literature (not independently verified)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- An LSM-1 class Landing Ship, Medium built in 1944 at a Navy yard sits inside the WWII construction/service era the Navy later documented as asbestos-intensive fleet-wide (GAO HRD-80-2, ev-06). Era-standard applications aboard a diesel-propelled amphibious hull of this type and period were thermal/pipe insulation, main-engine and exhaust lagging, gaskets, valve packing, and electrical insulation, concentrated in the confined engine spaces below the tank deck. Class literature (secondary, not independently verified against a primary LSM-1 spec sheet) describes twin diesel main engines (commonly cited as 2 x General Motors 16-278A, ~2,800 shp combined, direct drive, twin screw) - no steam plant, so the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam combatants does not apply to this class.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Charleston Navy Yard construction trades (1944); ship's crew (1944-1947)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for LSM-165. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. The specific engine model/shp figures are drawn from secondary class literature aggregation, not a primary builder's spec sheet for this hull or class; treat as approximate pending a primary source.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-165-lsm165-05
-
[7]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (published 18 Oct 1979, publicly released 22 Oct 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2, summary section
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - a window spanning this hull's entire construction (1944) and active-commission era (1944-1947). The report's own fieldwork, per its summary, examined Navy asbestos-protection practices specifically at the Long Beach and Norfolk shipyards.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review (Long Beach, Norfolk fieldwork)
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports general Navy-wide era context only, not any fact specific to this hull, its builder yard (Charleston), or its class. The cited fieldwork sites (Long Beach, Norfolk) are not Charleston Navy Yard and have no documented connection to LSM-165. Content taken from the GAO product-page abstract/summary retrieved this session; the full 1979 report PDF was not separately fetched or extracted.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-165-lsm165-06
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[8]OSHA Inspection 100361849 (Commander, Charleston Naval Shipyard, Code 106; 29 CFR 1910.1001 D07 I; case closed 2 May 1990); Robert Whalen v. John Crane, Inc. (California jury verdict, Nov. 2014, $70.8M); Walter Twidwell v. Aerco International Inc. (New York jury verdict, 2018, $40M) - all Charleston Naval Shipyard builder-yard records, cross-checked against the shipyard-exposure-map internal dataset's charleston-naval-shipyard entry [other_primary]
- Locator
- OSHA Inspection 100361849 (osha.gov establishment-inspection detail); reported verdict summaries (harrismartin.com, simmonsfirm.com)
- Finding type
- regulatory
- Finding
- The builder yard, Charleston Naval Shipyard (successor name to Charleston Navy Yard, same installation), has independently documented asbestos history: an OSHA 1988 health-complaint inspection (Inspection 100361849) cited Commander, Charleston Naval Shipyard under the asbestos standard, 29 CFR 1910.1001 D07 I (case closed 2 May 1990); and two reported jury verdicts for asbestos-related disease naming Charleston Naval Shipyard service - Robert Whalen v. John Crane, Inc. ($70.8M, California jury, Nov. 2014) and Walter Twidwell v. Aerco International Inc. ($40M, New York jury, 2018).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1988-2018
- Population
- Charleston Naval Shipyard workforce (1988 inspection; 2014/2018 reported-verdict claimants)
- Limitations
- Yard-level documentation only, not a hull record: none of these three items names LSM-165, any LSM hull, or amphibious-ship equipment specifically, and all postdate this hull's 1944 construction by 44 to 74 years (OSHA 1988; verdicts 2014/2018 concerning later-era shipyard/equipment exposure, e.g. John Crane and Aerco industrial valve/boiler products). Included as background on the builder yard's general asbestos history only; does not establish materials aboard this hull, era-specific yard practice at the time of this hull's 1944 construction, or any individual exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-165-lsm165-07
-
[9]Batch-5969 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS (no result); NavSource (hit); CourtListener via cl-auth-search.py (blocked, fleet pacing); NVR (not queried, pre-1987 disposal); NARA RG181 finding aid (hit, archival lead); NARA catalog (blocked, JS-rendered); GAO product page (hit); OSHA inspection record (hit, yard-level); secondary web litigation sweep (hit, excluded law-firm sources only); uboat.net/Wikipedia cross-check (hit, no new facts adopted); NARA war-diary lead (not digitized) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lsm-165-lsm165-01 through -11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS LSM-165 was found in the public sources searched. CAVEAT: CourtListener could not be queried this session - every attempt (opinion-type and docket-type, multiple tries across the session) returned the fleet-wide pacing limiter's 'momentarily spent' status; logged as blocked in search_ledger, not as a negative result. Secondary web sweeps for '"USS LSM-165" mesothelioma/asbestos lawsuit' surfaced only generic Navy-asbestos law-firm marketing content with no ship-specific naming of this hull - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - and the litigation repository search is a genuine open gap (CourtListener never cleared this session). Deck logs, LSM Flotilla One/Group Three/Division Six war diaries, and any Charleston Navy Yard commissioning-file contents (ev-04) are undigitized or unretrieved leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-165-lsm165-08
-
[10]Designation/date cross-check: uboat.net Allied Warships page for USS LSM-165 (ordered 15 Sep 1943; struck 25 Feb 1947) vs. NavSource (ev-01: struck date unknown, fate unknown); Wikipedia 'List of United States Navy Landing Ship Mediums' (USS LSM-165 shown as an unwritten redlink, no article exists) [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net Allied Warships, USS LSM-165 page (secondary database, not cited as a fact source elsewhere in this record)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION/open conflict: NavSource (ev-01, the primary ship-specific source for this hull) states the striking date and final disposition as 'date unknown' and 'fate unknown' respectively. A secondary warship database (uboat.net/Allied Warships) lists an 'ordered' date of 15 September 1943 and a struck date of 25 February 1947 that do not appear in NavSource or in any other source reviewed this session.
- Verification
- disputed
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947 (disputed dates)
- Limitations
- uboat.net is a secondary compilation, not an authoritative citation type under this schema's citation_type enum, and is used here only to flag an unresolved variant - not as a basis for any fact in this record. The 25 February 1947 struck date and 15 September 1943 ordered date are carried in gaps as unverified, not adopted. No individual NHHC/DANFS narrative page or Wikipedia article exists for this hull (Wikipedia shows the title as an unwritten redlink) to adjudicate the conflict.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-165-lsm165-09