Evidence
7 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-7).
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[1]research packet uh-packet.md (2 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (note hull-type collision, resolved)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lsm-28-lsm28-pkt-uh-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, LSM-28 - construction, specifications, command, unit assignment, WWII operations, awards, and disposition [other_primary]
- Locator
- navsource.net/archives/10/14/14028.htm - header/specification block, command line, unit-assignment line, operations section, awards section, disposition line, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 7 May 1944 at Brown Shipbuilding Co., Houston, TX; launched 28 May 1944; commissioned 1 July 1944, Lt. Kenneth H. Horneman, USNR, in command. Specifications: displacement 520 tons light / 743 tons landing / 1,095 tons fully loaded; length 203'6" overall; beam 34'6"; draft 3'6" fwd / 7'8" aft (light), 6'4" fwd / 8'3" aft (loaded); maximum speed 13.2 knots; propulsion two Fairbanks Morse diesel engines (1,440 BHP each); endurance 4,900 miles at 12 knots; complement 5 officers and 54 enlisted; armament one twin 40mm bow mount and four 20mm gun mounts; vehicle capacity 5 medium or 3 heavy tanks, or 6 LVTs, or 9 DUKWs. Assigned LSM Flotilla Thirteen (LCDR C. L. Weigle, USN), LSM Group Thirty-Eight (LCDR T. F. Lane, USNR), LSM Division Seventy-Six. WWII service in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater: Luzon operation, Lingayen Gulf landing, 9 January 1945; Okinawa Gunto operation, assault and occupation of Okinawa, 1-28 April 1945; photographed at Pearl Harbor, August 1945. Earned the American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (2 stars), World War II Victory Medal, Philippine Presidential Unit Citation, and Philippine Liberation Medal (1 star); two battle stars for WWII service. Command passed to Lt.(jg) Jeffers W. Asher Jr., USNR, in October 1945. Decommissioned 27 March 1946 at Charleston Navy Yard, Charleston, SC. Sold 1 December 1947 to Hill Dredging Corp., Ventnor, NJ; fate thereafter unknown.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding Co. construction trades (1944); crew (1944-46)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific construction, service, and disposition data only; no asbestos or shipboard-material content. No DANFS/NHHC individual-ship history exists for this hull (confirmed: history.navy.mil and the ibiblio.org/hyperwar DAFS mirror both return 404 for every LSM-28 URL pattern tried) - NavSource is the only ship-specific source located, and it is a volunteer secondary compilation, not an official Navy registry. No independent primary source could be found to corroborate the propulsion/armament specification block line by line.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-28-lsm28-01
-
[3]Naval History and Heritage Command, 'The Navy's Happy Medium' (art-collection exhibit caption, Reginald Marsh watercolor, Accession #88-159-HN); official NHHC definition of the LSM type (archived copy - live NHHC URL returned 404 on 2026-10-01) [museum_official]
- Locator
- archived exhibit caption, full text (single paragraph)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official NHHC description of the LSM type this hull belongs to: 'Needing a landing ship somewhere between the size and displacement of an LCI (Landing Craft, Infantry) and an LST (Landing Ship, Tank), the Navy turned the problem over to its architects and designers who came up with the compact and maneuverable LSM (Landing Ship, Medium).'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944 (design/type context)
- Limitations
- A single-paragraph art-exhibit caption providing official type-level context only; it does not name this hull, does not describe construction materials or insulation, and contains no asbestos content of any kind. Live NHHC URL returned 404 on 2026-10-01; content retrieved from Wayback Machine capture dated 2025-12-09 and labeled as archived here, per citation-hygiene policy.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-28-lsm28-02
-
[4]National Archives RG 24 (Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships and Stations, 1941-1983) and RG 38 (World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories) - lead only, not independently retrieved [other_primary]
- Locator
- archives.gov Military Records guidance, 'Naval Deck Logs' and RG 24/RG 38 descriptions
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's published finding aids confirm that deck logs and war diaries for individual LSM hulls in WWII generally reside in RG 24 and RG 38, respectively, and that some LSM-specific material survives as an exception to the Navy's usual practice of not retaining permanent administrative records for 'in service' (uncommissioned-status) small craft. No LSM-28-specific catalog record could be located or retrieved from catalog.archives.gov in this session (JS-rendered search results not fetchable from this network).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- LSM-28 crew (1944-46), if a deck log or war diary for this hull survives
- Limitations
- Archival lead only - confirms where such records would be filed if they survive, not that a specific LSM-28 deck log or war diary exists or has been digitized. No asbestos content. catalog.archives.gov search interface could not be queried directly (client-rendered); a manual NARA catalog search or in-person/ordered-copy request is the open path.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-28-lsm28-03
-
[5]Era inference built on: NavSource specification block (two Fairbanks Morse diesel engines, no boiler/steam plant); GAO HRD-80-2 (Navy-wide asbestos insulation documentation through the early 1970s, see ev-05); general LSM-1-class design as a welded-steel, diesel-powered amphibious hull built to wartime emergency specifications [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specification block (propulsion line); GAO HRD-80-2 product description
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered medium landing ship built in 1944 to wartime Navy specifications sits inside the Navy's documented WWII-era shipboard asbestos-insulation period; era-standard applications aboard a vessel of this type were thermal and machinery-space insulation, diesel-exhaust lagging, gaskets, valve packing, and electrical insulation in the confined engineering spaces. As a diesel-powered vessel with no boiler or steam turbine plant, the boiler/turbine lagging pathway common to steam combatants of the era does not apply to this hull; the exhaust-lagging and engine-room insulation pathway does.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding Co. construction trades (1944); crew (1944-46)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, or builder's specification document for LSM-28 was located. Names era-standard applications for this ship type, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity, no manufacturer attribution, no confirmation that any ACM remained aboard at the time of the 1947 sale.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-28-lsm28-04
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[6]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1944) and active-service era (1944-46).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports Navy-wide era context only, not any fact specific to this hull or to Brown Shipbuilding Co. Full text not retrieved - gao.gov blocks automated fetch (HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-10-01); content via product-page description, same as used/verified in prior batch records.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-28-lsm28-05
-
[7]Batch-6084 search ledger (this record): NavSource; NHHC DANFS/hyperwar DAFS mirror (no result); NHHC art-collection page (archived); NARA RG24/RG38 lead (not digitized); NVR (no entry); GAO product page (blocked); CourtListener (blocked, fleet pacing); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lsm-28-lsm28-01 through -09
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS LSM-28 was found in the public sources searched. CAVEAT: CourtListener could not be queried this session - the authenticated helper reported the fleet-wide shared request budget was momentarily exhausted (pacing limit, not the 2,800/day account quota); logged as blocked in search_ledger, not as a negative result, and should be re-run. A general web sweep for 'LSM-28 asbestos/mesothelioma/litigation' surfaced no qualifying case and no law-firm or marketing content specific to this hull either.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 2026-10-01
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard, and the CourtListener litigation-repository search is a genuine open gap (blocked by fleet pacing, not run to completion). Deck logs/war diaries (if they survive) and any scrap-sale condition records for the 1947 Hill Dredging Corp. transaction are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-28-lsm28-06