Evidence
7 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-7).
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[1]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-304 (history extract credited to LSM-LSMR Amphibious Forces, Vol. II, Turner Publishing Co., 1997, ISBN 1-56311-389-9) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource USS LSM-304 page, timeline block and awards block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- LSM-304, an LSM-1-class landing ship medium, was laid down 30 October 1944 at the U.S. Navy Yard, Charleston, S.C.; launched 27 November 1944; and commissioned 11 January 1945, LT Horace T. Hood III, USNR, in command. During World War II she was assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater (LSM Flotilla Sixteen, LSM Group Forty-Seven, LSM Division Ninety-Three). She decommissioned 19 July 1946, was struck from the Naval Register on an unknown date, and was sold 12 September 1958 to Alfredo Lizano, Jamaica, N.Y.; fate unknown. Awards: American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-10-30 to 1958-09-12
- Population
- Commissioning crew (5 officers, 54 enlisted class-standard); Charleston Navy Yard construction workforce (1944)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer-compiled secondary archive; its LSM-304 history is credited to a 1997 Turner Publishing veterans' volume, not to DANFS or NHHC. No DANFS entry for LSM-304 was located (see search_ledger). Contains no asbestos information whatsoever. Struck date is unknown in the source.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-304-lsm304-01
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[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-304, LSM-1-class specifications block [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource USS LSM-304 page, Specifications block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Class-standard LSM-1 specifications: two General Motors (model GM 16-278A, reversible with hydraulic clutch) diesel engines, direct drive, 1,440 BHP each at 720 rpm, twin propellers, 2,800 shp; diesel-drive ship's service generators (two 100 kW 450V A.C., one 20 kW 120V D.C.); 520 t. light / 1,095 t. fully loaded; 203'6" overall; complement 5 officers, 54 enlisted. The class had no steam plant - no boilers, no steam lines.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1946 (active service)
- Population
- Engine-room and machinery-space crew
- Limitations
- The specifications block on the NavSource ship page is class-standard LSM-1 data, not a measurement of this individual hull; treated as class_or_era. No asbestos content is stated; the absence of a steam plant means the boiler/steam-lagging exposure pathway of steam combatants does not apply to this type.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-304-lsm304-02
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[3]CourtListener API v4 authenticated searches, 2026-10-01 (opinion and docket indexes) [court_record]
- Locator
- CourtListener API v4, type=o and type=r queries as logged in search_ledger
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- No qualifying asbestos litigation naming this hull: authenticated CourtListener searches for "LSM-304", "USS LSM-304", and "LSM 304" across both the opinion index and the RECAP docket index returned zero results (see search_ledger rows sl-uss-lsm-304-lsm304-02 through sl-uss-lsm-304-lsm304-05). The hull-number string is low-collision; zero hits is a clean negative, not a name-collision artifact.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 2026-10-01
- Limitations
- CourtListener coverage is not exhaustive of state-court trial dockets or unreported settlements; absence of a located docket does not prove no claim was ever filed. Establishes only that no opinion or docket naming the hull is indexed in CourtListener as of 2026-10-01.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-304-lsm304-03
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[4]U.S. EPA, Chrysotile Asbestos Response to Support Risk Evaluation (NEPIS dockey P1019CP5) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NEPIS dockey P1019CP5, p. 144 of 284 (per EPA index snippet)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- In an EPA support document for the chrysotile asbestos risk evaluation, the agency states that the Charleston Naval Shipyard - LSM-304's builder yard - was responsible for a high proportion of the mesothelioma cases in the Charleston, S.C., area (p. 144 of 284 per EPA's indexed text). This documents a heavy historical asbestos-exposure burden at the yard that built this hull in 1944.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- Not stated in indexed excerpt
- Population
- Charleston Naval Shipyard workers and Charleston-area residents (epidemiological context)
- Limitations
- Yard-level epidemiological context, not hull evidence: the statement does not name LSM-304, does not date the exposure period to her 1944 construction, and the underlying epidemiology refers to the Charleston-area worker/resident population generally. Full text not retrieved - NEPIS serves the document behind a session-based redirect that returned only EPA template pages to automated fetch (2026-10-01); the quoted statement and page number are from EPA's own search-index snippet for this dockey. Verification_status set to partial accordingly.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-304-lsm304-04
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[5]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented the Navy's asbestos-protection program and the service's long reliance on asbestos insulation aboard ships: standing policy (1975) removed asbestos insulation only when damaged or required for repairs, modified 1979 to selective replacement in high-maintenance areas - meaning original-era insulation typically remained in place for decades unless a yard period disturbed it. This is the program-level backdrop for any WWII-built Navy hull, including the LSM-1 class.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; GAO fieldwork was at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards, not Charleston. Supports era context only - establishes nothing specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved: gao.gov returned HTTP 403 to automated fetch on 2026-10-01 (consistent with Batch-01 finding); title and description per the GAO product page as previously verified 2026-09-14 in Batch 01.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-304-lsm304-05
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[6]Batch-6112 search ledger (this record): NavSource; CourtListener opinion and docket indexes; NHHC/DANFS (unreachable); Naval Vessel Register (unreachable); EPA NEPIS; GAO; NARA catalog [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lsm-304-lsm304-01 through sl-uss-lsm-304-lsm304-08
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming LSM-304 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). The ship left Navy custody in 1958 to a private buyer and her subsequent fate is unknown, foreclosing museum-era documentation of the kind available for preserved ships.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 2026-10-01
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - 1944 Navy-yard construction is era-consistent with asbestos use. Does not establish that asbestos is or was present in any quantity; does not establish or defeat any individual claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-304-lsm304-06
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[7]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-304, LSM-1-class specifications block (diesel propulsion, no steam plant); inference basis is ev-uss-lsm-304-lsm304-02 [other_primary]
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Bounded era inference for this hull: USS LSM-304 was built at the Charleston Naval Shipyard (a Navy yard) in 1944, squarely inside the period when the federal government reserved asbestos supply for shipbuilding and Navy Bureau of Ships specifications called for asbestos insulation, gaskets, and packing. The LSM-1 class was direct-drive diesel with no steam plant (see ev-uss-lsm-304-lsm304-02), so the era-standard boiler/steam-line lagging exposure pathway of larger combatants does not apply; the asbestos-relevant applications for the type were diesel machinery and exhaust insulation, valve and flange gaskets, machinery packing, electrical insulation, and winch brake linings.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Limitations
- Inferred from vessel type, build era and yard, and the class propulsion record - never asserted as documented aboard this hull. No ship-specific asbestos survey, material list, work package, or photograph of insulation was located for LSM-304. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantities and no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-304-lsm304-07