Evidence
8 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-8).
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[1]research packet 563-packet.md (5 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (identity certain across five sources; construction dates conflict between mirrors and are reported both ways) — real identity: USS LSM-333 (unnamed; hull designation is the identity)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Limitations
- qualifier: VERIFIED (identity certain across five sources; construction dates conflict between mirrors and are reported both ways)
- Evidence ID
- uss-lsm-333-lsm333-pkt-563-packet-md
-
[2]NHHC Photo Catalog, NH 102385 - PHAI (Thai Medium Landing Ship, 1944--) and KUT (Thai Medium Landing Ship, 1944--), photographed at Bangkok in 1967 [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC NH-102385 catalog page, Title/Caption/Description fields
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official NHHC photo-catalog caption confirms the identity of the transferred hull: 'PHAI (Thai Medium Landing Ship, 1944--), foreground, and KUT (Thai Medium Landing Ship, (1944--). Photographed at Bangkok in 1967. These ships are the former U.S. Navy LSM-333 and LSM-338, respectively.' Photo courtesy of Mr. G. Jacobs, 1990; catalog NH 102385, copyright owner Naval History and Heritage Command.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1967 (photo); cataloged 1990
- Limitations
- Ship-specific identity/transfer confirmation only; no asbestos or material content. Note the caption's own ordering anomaly: it names PHAI foreground and KUT second, then maps them to LSM-333 and LSM-338 'respectively' - cross-referencing NavSource and other sources, KUT is ex-LSM-333 and PHAI is ex-LSM-338, so the caption's 'respectively' mapping appears reversed; the hull-level fact (KUT = ex-LSM-333) is nonetheless corroborated by NavSource and secondary compilations. Page verified live 2026-10-02 (required browser User-Agent; NHHC blocks default curl/FetchURL agents from this network).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-333-01
-
[3]NHHC, United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945 (online reading room) - LSM 333 listed under LSM Division 47, LSM Group 24 [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Fleet organization chart, LSM GROUP 24 / LSM DIVISION 47 section
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official U.S. Pacific Fleet organization chart of 1 May 1945 lists 'LSM 333 - Lt. W. R. Schulof (USNR)' in LSM DIVISION 47 of LSM GROUP 24 (ComLSMGrp 24 Lt. Cdr. B. H. Lindman USNR), within the Pacific Fleet amphibious organization during the Okinawa Gunto operation period (28 April - 18 May 1945).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-05-01
- Population
- Ship's company, 5 officers + 54 enlisted (spec) as of May 1945
- Limitations
- Ship-specific organizational/assignment record as of 1 May 1945; no asbestos or material content. Division-number discrepancy: NavSource (Turner Publishing extract) places this hull in LSM Division Forty-Six - the official NHHC chart (Division 47) is carried, discrepancy logged in gaps. Commanding-officer surname spelling differs by one letter between sources (Schulof in NHHC chart, Schulhof in NavSource) - same officer. Page verified live 2026-10-02 (browser User-Agent required from this network).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-333-02
-
[4]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-333 (10/14/14333) - construction timeline, campaign record, awards, specifications, commanding officers, Thai service, final disposition (history extract credited to LSM-LSMR Amphibious Forces, Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1997) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/14/14333.htm header/timeline block, specifications block, commanding-officer list, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: laid down 13 July 1944 at Pullman Standard Car Manufacturing Company, Chicago, IL; launched 27 October 1944; commissioned USS LSM-333 25 November 1944, LT William Russell Schulhof USNR in command. Assigned Asiatic-Pacific Theater, LSM Flotilla Eight / LSM Group Twenty-Four / LSM Division Forty-Six; participated in the Okinawa Gunto operation (assault and occupation, 28 April - 18 May 1945). Occupation service in the Far East 17 September 1945 - 17 July 1946. Decommissioned 28 July 1946; struck from the Naval Register in 1946; transferred October 1946 to Thailand as HTMS Kut (LSM-731); struck by the Royal Thai Navy in 1990; retained for use as spare parts; final disposition - sunk as a target by the Royal Thai Navy off Pattaya, 17 September 2006. Earned one battle star for WWII service; awards display: American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (1 star), WWII Victory Medal, Navy Occupation Service Medal with Asia clasp. COs: LT Schulhof (25 Nov 1944 - Nov 1945), ENS/LTjg Jack Miller Manherz USN (Nov 1945 - 28 Jul 1946). Specifications: 520 t light / 743 t landing / 1,095 t full; 203'6" oa; 34'6" beam; 13.2 kts; complement 5 officers + 54 enlisted; one twin 40mm bow mount + four single 20mm; 2 x Fairbanks-Morse 38D81/8X10 diesels, 1,440 bhp each @ 720 rpm, twin screws. Photographic record places her at Sasebo, Japan, circa 1946 and beached at Senami, Honshu, late 1945-early 1946 alongside LSM-154, -159, -331, -153, -280.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-2006
- Population
- Pullman construction trades (1944); ship's company (1944-46); Royal Thai Navy crew (1946/47-1989)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - its LSM history extract is credited to Turner Publishing (1997), and its milestone dates conflict with other secondary compilations on all three construction dates (laid down, launched, commissioned - see gaps); no DANFS entry exists to arbitrate. Division assignment (46) conflicts with the official NHHC 1 May 1945 chart (47) - official chart carried. 'Sunk as a target' vs dive-industry 'artificial reef' framing differs - noted in gaps. Contains no asbestos content. Page verified live 2026-10-02 (HTTP 200).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-333-03
-
[5]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- AJIM 11(3):359-373; Crossref metadata record for DOI 10.1002/ajim.4700110311
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and emergency-construction program under which this 1944 Pullman-built LSM-1-class hull was mass-produced.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel or class and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation. DOI metadata verified via Crossref API 2026-10-02 (title, authors, journal, volume/issue/pages confirmed); Wiley full text not retrieved this session.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-333-04
-
[6]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire U.S. construction and service era (1944-46) and most of her Royal Thai Navy career.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved: gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-10-02 - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-333-05
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[7]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications (2 x Fairbanks-Morse diesels, direct drive, twin screws - no steam plant); 1944 construction date inside WWII shipbuilding's documented asbestos era (Corn & Starr 1987; GAO HRD-80-2 - see ev-04, ev-05) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specifications block; AJIM 11(3):359-373; GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A landing ship built in 1944 under WWII emergency construction sits inside U.S. shipbuilding's documented asbestos era; era-standard applications aboard a vessel of this type and period were thermal insulation, machinery and diesel-exhaust lagging, gaskets, valve packing, and electrical insulation in machinery and accommodation spaces. As a diesel-driven amphib she carried no boilers or steam system - the boiler/turbine steam-lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply, but machinery-space and accommodation insulation pathways remain era-consistent.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-2006
- Population
- Pullman construction trades (1944); U.S. crew (1944-46); Royal Thai Navy crew and dockyard trades (1946-2006)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, or Thai-service-era record located for LSM-333. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull. Does not establish individual exposure or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-333-06
-
[8]Batch-6144 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS (no entry), NHHC photo catalog, NHHC fleet organization chart, NavSource, NVR (no coverage), CourtListener x4 (no result), GAO (blocked), Crossref, secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lsm-333-01 through -12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming USS LSM-333 (or HTMS Kut) was found in the public sources searched. No DANFS entry exists for this hull (NHHC candidate URL 404; NHHC site search returns only the photo-catalog and fleet-organization mentions carried in ev-01/ev-02). CourtListener returned zero results on all four authenticated queries (opinions and dockets, 'LSM-333' and 'USS LSM-333'). Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case - only generic law-firm marketing content, none naming this hull (excluded by source policy).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard. Deck logs (RG 24), Pullman build records, and Thai-service-era maintenance records are undigitized or unverified leads. The wreck lies in Thai waters; any pre-sinking environmental/ACM record, if one exists, would be in Royal Thai Navy or Thai civil documentation not searched here. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-333-07