Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
-
[1]NavSource Online, Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-371 hull page (history extract from LSM-LSMR Amphibious Forces Vol. II, Turner Publishing 1997) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Hull page chronology block, lines 26-30
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- LSM-371 was laid down 9 December 1944 at Brown Shipbuilding Co., Houston, Texas; launched 30 December 1944; and commissioned as USS LSM-371 on 25 January 1945 with LTjg. Christian H. Reubeck, Jr., USNR, in command.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding construction workforce and commissioning crew
- Limitations
- Establishes construction and commissioning identity; the page does not document asbestos, insulation composition, hazmat condition, exposure, or causation. NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation; the history extract is credited to a Turner Publishing reunion volume, not DANFS. CO surname spelled 'Ruebeck' in one photo caption on the same page - see gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-371-lsm371-01
-
[2]ShipbuildingHistory, Brown Shipbuilding (Houston TX) yard list, hull 248 row and yard history (archived copy; live host returned HTTP 500) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Yard table row 248; yard description header
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Brown Shipbuilding yard list records yard hull number 248 as LSM 371: keel laid 9 December 1944, launched 30 December 1944, delivered 25 January 1945, 'laid up 1947, sold to Ships & Power 1958, to Iranian owners 1967, sank 1970.' The yard description states Brown Shipbuilding was built in 1941 at the junction of Green's Bayou and the Houston Ship Channel and produced 254 LSMs among 359 vessels in four years.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding construction workforce
- Limitations
- Independent secondary yard-list compilation corroborating NavSource milestones; 'delivered' 25-Jan-45 coincides with the commission date rather than a separate delivery event. Establishes builder identity and yard hull number only - no asbestos, material, exposure, or causation content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-371-lsm371-02
-
[3]NavSource Online, Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-371 hull page [other_primary]
- Locator
- Hull page chronology lines 50-62 (decommission, reserve fleet, strike, sale, final disposition)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- USS LSM-371 was decommissioned 5 March 1947 at Green Cove Springs, Florida, and laid up in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet, Florida Group, Green Cove Springs. It was struck from the Naval Register on a date reported as unknown; sold 23 September 1958 to Ships & Power Inc., Miami, Florida; resold in 1967 to an Iranian shipping company; and sunk 23 March 1970 while en route to Dubai with a cargo of stone in heavy seas off Sharjah, capsizing with nine killed and five injured.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1947-1970
- Population
- Decommissioning crew; Atlantic Reserve Fleet maintenance personnel (1947-1958); commercial crew (1958-1970, nine lost in the sinking)
- Limitations
- Establishes decommissioning, lay-up, sale chain, and reported sinking with casualties; the Iranian commercial name, flag registry entry, and any casualty-investigation record were not located, and the strike date is genuinely unknown. No shipbreaking, hazmat, or asbestos record is supplied.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-371-lsm371-07
-
[4]Naval History and Heritage Command, United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945 (archived 2017 capture; live URL 404) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Archived copy, LSM Flotilla Thirteen / LSM Group 37 / LSM Division 74 table (post-LST flotilla sections; 'LSM 371' row)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The official NHHC United States Pacific Fleet Organization document of 1 May 1945 lists LSM 371 under LSM Flotilla Thirteen, LSM Group 37 (ComLSMGrp 37, Lt. Cdr. W. K. Chisholm, USNR), in LSM Division 74 alongside LSM 366-370; the commanding-officer field for LSM 371 is blank in the document.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1945-05-01
- Population
- Ship's company and Pacific Fleet personnel
- Limitations
- Official organization record corrects the NavSource 'Division Seventy-Three' figure to Division 74 and gives the group commander as W. K. Chisholm (vs NavSource W. J. Chisholm). It does not provide full service history or any asbestos, insulation, exposure, or causation finding. The live NHHC page returned 404; the later Wayback capture (20191116215947) truncates before the LSM sections - the 2017 capture is the verifiable copy.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-371-lsm371-04
-
[5]NavSource Online, Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-371 hull page - occupation-service narrative and photo captions (photos credited to William C. Voigt Jr., CO's family) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Occupation-service line and photo caption table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Following World War II, USS LSM-371 was assigned to Occupation Service in the Far East from 2 September 1945 to 7 February 1946. NavSource photographic captions place the hull in Tokyo Bay in October 1945 (serving as a liberty launch, photographed from USS Bennington), beached at Oshima Island, Japan, in November 1945, and drydocked at Kure Shipyard circa February 1946 with an 18.1-inch Japanese naval cannon in the well deck, alongside USS LSM-382, USS LSM-255, and USS LCS(L)(3)-67.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1945-1946
- Population
- Occupation-duty crew; any yard trades during the Kure drydocking (Feb 1946)
- Limitations
- Photographs establish physical presence at Tokyo Bay, Oshima, and the Kure Shipyard drydock - a drydock photo is not an availability or work record, and no repair-work documentation for the Kure visit was located. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-371-lsm371-05
-
[6]NavSource Online, USS LSM-371 specifications [other_primary]
- Locator
- Specification block (displacement, length, complement, armament, propulsion)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The hull page lists 5 officers and 54 enlisted, troop accommodations for 2 officers and 46 enlisted, and two Fairbanks Morse model 38D81/8X10 reversible diesel engines with hydraulic clutches, direct drive, 1,440 BHP each at 720 rpm, twin propellers, and 2,800 shp; it also lists two diesel-drive 100-kW 450V AC generators and one diesel-drive 20-kW 120V DC generator.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1945-1947
- Population
- Ship's company and embarked troop capacity
- Limitations
- Supports complement and diesel propulsion only. It does not identify asbestos-containing components or establish that any listed machinery insulation, gasket, packing, electrical insulation, or deck covering contained asbestos. Diesel plant - no steam plant, so no boiler/turbine lagging pathway applies.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-371-lsm371-06
-
[7]Naval History and Heritage Command, 'The Navy's Happy Medium' (art exhibit page, archived copy) - official Navy characterization of the LSM type [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Archived exhibit page description text; NavSource LSM type index 10/14/14idx.htm for hull-count context
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NHHC's official description of the type: 'Needing a landing ship somewhere between the size and displacement of an LCI (Landing Craft, Infantry) and an LST (Landing Ship, Tank), the Navy turned the problem over to its architects and designers who came up with the compact and maneuverable LSM (Landing Ship, Medium).' 558 LSM and LSM(R) hulls were built during WWII per the NavSource type index.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1946 (type era)
- Limitations
- Type-level design context only - names the class origin and hull count, not this hull's materials or condition. Live NHHC URL returned 404 on 2026-10-01; archived capture cited. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-371-lsm371-08
-
[8]Inference from the ship-specific NavSource diesel specification and the documented source-review negative [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource propulsion/specification block; source-review negative documented in search ledger
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- No ship-specific asbestos survey, product inventory, abatement record, or condition report was located. Because LSM-371 was a World War II U.S. Navy diesel landing ship built in late 1944, machinery or diesel-exhaust insulation, gaskets, packing, electrical insulation, and deck covering are possible class/era application categories, but none is documented aboard this hull.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- World War II Navy diesel landing-ship construction and operating personnel
- Limitations
- Possible categories only, not a finding that asbestos was installed aboard LSM-371. The cited hull page does not identify asbestos or insulation composition; no quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation is established.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-371-lsm371-09
-
[9]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403 confirmed 2026-10-01)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1944) and Navy service era (1945-1947).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-10-01) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-371-lsm371-10
-
[10]CourtListener API v4 via /Users/charlesfletcher/devin-prompts/cl-auth-search.py [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger sl-uss-lsm-371-lsm371-05; four authenticated queries, all count=0
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The authenticated CourtListener sweep found no qualifying asbestos litigation record for USS LSM-371. Exact-name queries "LSM-371" (opinions and dockets), "USS LSM-371" (opinions), and "LSM 371" (opinions) each returned count=0 - a clean negative with no name collisions to classify.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 2026-10-01
- Limitations
- This is a search result, not proof that no unindexed or non-text-linked case exists. The zero-hit outcome is a genuine negative (not a throttle or a blocked repository).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-371-lsm371-11
-
[11]Source-review negative across the sources listed in the search ledger [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lsm-371-lsm371-01 through -10
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No ship-specific asbestos documentation was located in the public sources reviewed: the live NavSource hull page, the official NHHC 1 May 1945 organization record, the shipbuildinghistory yard list, NVR, NARA catalog, secondary-web sweeps, and authenticated CourtListener results contain no asbestos survey, insulation-material statement, abatement record, hazmat disclosure, or qualifying asbestos litigation record for LSM-371.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 2026-10-01
- Limitations
- A negative public-source finding is not proof that asbestos was absent. Non-digitized Navy, shipyard, reserve-fleet, sale, and sinking/casualty records may contain additional evidence; asbestos documentation therefore remains class_or_era.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-371-lsm371-12
-
[12]NavSource Online, Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-371 hull page [other_primary]
- Locator
- Hull page chronology and campaign table, lines 32-56
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- During World War II, USS LSM-371 was assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater with LSM Flotilla Thirteen (LCDR. C. L. Weigle USN), LSM Group Thirty-Seven (LCDR. W. J. Chisholm USNR), and 'LSM Division Seventy-Three' per the hull narrative, and participated in the Okinawa Gunto operation - assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto, 8 to 18 June 1945. The ship earned one battle star for World War II service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1945
- Population
- Ship's company and Okinawa operating personnel
- Limitations
- Establishes theater assignment, Okinawa operation dates, and the battle-star award; not a complete voyage narrative and contains no asbestos content. CONFLICT: the official NHHC 1 May 1945 organization places LSM 371 in LSM Division 74, not 73 (see ev-04 and gaps); the NavSource 'Division Seventy-Three' figure is reported here as stated but not carried as the record value.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-371-lsm371-03