Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]research packet 573-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lsm-40-lsm40-pkt-573-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive - USS LSM-40 (file 10/14/14040); history extract credited to LSM-LSMR Amphibious Forces, Vol. II (Turner Publishing, 1997) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/14/14040.htm - history bullets, Asiatic-Pacific campaign table, specifications block, commanding-officers table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: LSM-1-class Landing Ship Medium; laid down 28 May 1944 at Brown Shipbuilding Co., Houston, TX; launched 22 June 1944; commissioned 24 July 1944, LT. Carl L. Garrett USNR in command. Asiatic-Pacific campaigns: Luzon operation - Mindoro landings 12-18 Dec 1944; Manila Bay-Bicol operation - Mariveles-Corregidor 14-28 Feb 1945; Southern Philippines - Mindanao Island landings 10 Mar and 24-31 Mar 1945, Sulu Archipelago landings 2-4 Apr and 9-11 Apr 1945; Borneo operation - Balikpapan 26 Jun-6 Jul 1945. Occupation service in the Far East 28 Sep-28 Nov 1945. Decommissioned 5 April 1946 at Charleston Navy Yard, Charleston, SC; struck from the Naval Register, date unknown; four battle stars for WWII service; sold 28 November 1947 to Edward F. Jardine, Atlantic City, NJ - fate unknown. Spec block: 520 t light / 743 t landing / 1,095 t full; 203'6" ovl; beam 34'6"; 13.2 kts; complement 5 officers + 54 enlisted; troops 2 officers + 46 enlisted; one twin bow 40mm + four single 20mm; two Fairbanks-Morse 38D81/8X10 reversible diesels w/ hydraulic clutch, 1,440 BHP each @ 720 rpm, direct drive, twin screws 2,800 shp; ship's service generators 2 x 100kW 450V AC + 1 x 20kW 120V DC diesel-drive; fuel 1,225 bbls; endurance 4,900 mi @ 12 kts. Commanding officers: LT. Garrett (24 Jul 1944-Dec 1945); LTJG. James F. Myers USNR (Dec 1945-5 Apr 1946).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Ship's crew (1944-1946); embarked troops (operations); Brown Shipbuilding construction trades (1944); Charleston Navy Yard decommissioning trades (1946)
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled photo archive with a credited veterans'-association history extract (Turner Publishing) - a reliable secondary compilation used for identity/milestones; its struck-date field is explicitly 'unknown'. No asbestos or material content anywhere on the page; this row supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-40-lsm40-01
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[3]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. II - Mine Vessels (less CM & DM), Patrol Vessels, Landing Ships and Craft (NAVSHIPS 250-011, 15 April 1945), Google-digitized at Shipscribe [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAVSHIPS 250-011, List of Naval Vessels, 'LANDING SHIP, MEDIUM (LSM)' section - group row 'LSM 21-148'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official BuShips 1945 register lists this hull inside the 'LSM 21-148' group line of its Landing Ship, Medium (LSM) section of the List of Naval Vessels - carrying no 'sunk', 'stricken', or cancellation annotation, consistent with her being an extant unit in active Pacific service on the edition date (she was in the Sulu Archipelago landings that month). Confirms official-register presence of LSM-40 as a U.S. naval vessel in WWII.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1945-04-15 (edition date)
- Limitations
- Roster presence only - the 1945 edition lists hulls in numbered groups, so this row establishes the hull's official existence and type, not its individual characteristics; the volume's type-characteristics table is image-scrambled in the text layer and was not relied on for specs. No asbestos content. Digitization is a Google Books scan hosted at Shipscribe (reproduction of the official BuShips publication).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-40-lsm40-02
-
[4]Shipbuilding History (Tim Colton compilation), Brown Shipbuilding yard page, Houston TX - per-hull build table; corroborated by the LSM production list at https://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/lsm.htm [other_primary]
- Locator
- brown.htm hull table, row '145 | LSM 40'; yard-history paragraph; LSM list row 'LSM-40 | Brown SB | Houston TX | 24 Jul 1944 | sold to E. F. Jardine 1947'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Yard build table carries this hull as Brown Shipbuilding yard no. 145: type 'LSM 40' (Landing Ship), keel laid 28 May 1944, launched 22 June 1944, delivered 24 July 1944, disposition 'Sold to E. F. Jardine 1947' - matching NavSource dates. Yard history: Brown Shipbuilding was built in 1941 by George and Herman Brown at the junction of Green's Bayou and the Houston Ship Channel with $9mm from the Navy; it produced 12 PCs, 32 LCI(L)s, 61 DEs and 254 LSMs - 359 vessels in four years; in 1949 the yard was leased to Todd Shipyards Corporation (its Houston Division until 1984), later Brown & Root offshore fabrication, sold piecemeal 2004 (now Brown Shipbuilding Industrial Park).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1941-1947 (yard build and Navy-disposal record); yard history to 2004
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding construction trades, Houston (1941-1946 yard era)
- Limitations
- Respected secondary compilation of US shipbuilding production records, not a primary registry; milestones corroborate NavSource. Yard-production context is yard-level; contains no asbestos or material statement and supports no asbestos claim for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-40-lsm40-03
-
[5]Royal Australian Corps of Signals unit history, 'Pronto in South Vietnam 1962-1972,' Ch. 5 Pt. 3 - 32 Small Ship Squadron (pronto.au104.org publication; PDF mirrored at NavSource) [other_primary]
- Locator
- PDF 'Ship Conditions' section (p. ~38 of chapter); also NavSource file 10/14/pdf/14319a.pdf
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Firsthand veterans' unit history documents installed asbestos aboard sister WWII U.S.-built LSMs: describing the four Landing Ships Medium the Australian Army bought from the U.S. Navy in 1959 (former USS LSM-319, LSM-477, LSM-315, LSM-547 - same WWII LSM design family as this hull), the history records that accommodation spaces were below deck with poor ventilation and that 'Above the bunks were pipes lagged with asbestos, which would rain down on the sleeper during heavy seas, covering him in white dust,' and lists asbestos among the environmental exposures experienced by the LSM crews.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1959-1972 (operations); vessels built 1944-45
- Population
- Australian Army/RASigs crews of ex-USN LSMs (1959-1972); by class analogy, WWII USN LSM crews
- Limitations
- Documents sister hulls of the same wartime LSM type - NOT this hull: establishes that asbestos pipe lagging was installed in accommodation spaces aboard U.S.-built WWII LSMs generally, not that LSM-40 contained it. A veterans' association history (memoir-level documentation), not a survey; no quantity, product, or manufacturer detail. Does not establish individual exposure or causation for any person aboard LSM-40.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-40-lsm40-04
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[6]Fleischer, W.E., Viles, F.J. Jr., Gade, R.L., and Drinker, P., 'A health survey of pipe covering operations in constructing naval vessels,' J Ind Hyg Toxicol 28:9-16 (Jan 1946) - U.S. Maritime Commission-commissioned wartime industrial-hygiene survey (PMID verified via NCBI efetch) [other_primary]
- Locator
- PMID 21016030 (efetch MEDLINE record)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- The USMC-commissioned 1944-45 industrial-hygiene survey of pipe-covering operations at Navy yards and Navy contract yards documented that amosite asbestos was 'an important ingredient of pipe covering material used on U.S. Navy vessels' - era documentation covering the period in which this hull was built (1944) and operated.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1945 survey; published 1946
- Population
- WWII pipe coverers and shipyard construction trades
- Limitations
- Era/program-level documentation of pipe-covering asbestos in WWII naval construction; surveyed specific yards, does not name this hull or its builder. Does not establish materials aboard LSM-40, quantity, condition, exposure, or causation. PubMed page is reCAPTCHA-blocked to automated fetches this session; bibliographic record verified via NCBI efetch API (PMID 21016030).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-40-lsm40-05
-
[7]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and emergency construction program under which this LSM-1-class hull was mass-produced (359 vessels in four years at her builder alone).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel or its builder and does not establish that asbestos was aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation. DOI resolves to Wiley; article full text not re-verified this session (publisher bot-block) - citation stable from prior batch verification.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-40-lsm40-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979; publicly released Oct 22, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2, Highlights section
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reviewed the Navy's efforts to protect workers from asbestos exposure (fieldwork at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards), covering the use of asbestos in Navy ships, the cost of removing asbestos, and compensation programs; per the product-page Highlights, the Navy's 1975 policy was to remove and replace with nonasbestos materials only insulation that was damaged or had to be removed for repairs, modified in 1979 to include selective replacement in high-maintenance areas - documenting Navy-wide shipboard asbestos insulation use through this hull's era and beyond.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1979 report covering Navy asbestos practices (post-WWII through 1979)
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Product page rendered via Firecrawl 2026-10-01; direct curl to gao.gov returns HTTP 403 (bot-block), consistent with prior batches.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-40-lsm40-07
-
[9]NARA Catalog identifiers transcribed from NavSource photo captions: NAID 80685216 (U.S. Army Signal Corps photographs SC 266347, SC 266348, SC 266350, local ID 111-SCA-2988, pages 37/39/41 - Jolo landing); NAID 17932 (film, local ID 111-ADC-4130); referenced COMTASK GROUP 76.10 War Diary [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov/id/80685216 and /id/17932; NavSource 14040.htm photo captions 101404003-101404006, 1018111902
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- National Archives-held imagery documents this hull at Blue Beach, Jolo Island, Sulu Archipelago, 9 April 1945: Signal Corps still photographs show USS LSM-40 (LSM Group 6) with LCT(6)-1279, LCT(6)-1119, LST-459 and others landing troops and material of the 163rd RCT, 41st Infantry Division, between 1036 and 1135 hours; a motion-picture frame (NAID 17932) shows the same landing. The COMTASK GROUP 76.10 War Diary is cited as the accompanying archival reference. These are archival leads - physical-presence documentation, not work or material records.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1945
- Population
- Ship's crew and embarked 163rd RCT troops, Jolo landing 1945-04-09
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: photographs establish the hull's presence and operation at Jolo on 9 April 1945 - they establish nothing about materials, asbestos, or maintenance. catalog.archives.gov is JS-rendered (identifier pages resolve HTTP 200 but metadata was transcribed from NavSource captions rather than read directly). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-40-lsm40-08
-
[10]Batch-6218 search ledger (this record): NavSource 14040; BuShips SDB 1945 v2 (NAVSHIPS 250-011); ShipbuildingHistory Brown yard + LSM list; NHHC DANFS + HyperWar mirror (both 404); NVR (pre-1987 exclusion); MARAD ShipHistory; NARA IDs 80685216/17932; 32 Small Ship Squadron unit history; Fleischer 1946; Corn & Starr 1987; GAO HRD-80-2; CourtListener authenticated searches (5 queries) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lsm-40-lsm40-01 through -14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming USS LSM-40 / LSM-40 was found in the public sources searched. No DANFS entry exists (NHHC and HyperWar mirror both 404 while sibling lsm79.html resolves - real absence, not link rot). NVR excludes pre-1987 disposals (sold 1947). No MARAD record (direct Navy sale; never in NDRF/MARAD custody). CourtListener: opinion searches '"LSM-40"', '"USS LSM-40"', '"LSM 40" asbestos', '"Brown Shipbuilding" asbestos' all returned zero; docket search '"LSM-40"' returned 6 hits, all incidental - the string appears as a part-number/OCR artifact inside bankruptcy exhibits (Motors Liquidation, Winn-Dixie, New Century TRS Holdings, Northwest Territorial Mint, Principal Life v. Brand) and a vessel-injury removal attachment (Aquino v. Starbulk, S.D. Tex. 2023) - classified name collision / non-qualifying; no asbestos litigation naming this hull located.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 2026-10-01
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944-built LSM of the same design family is documented (sister-hull unit history) as carrying asbestos pipe lagging. Does not establish presence or absence aboard this hull; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility. Non-digitized records (RG 24 deck logs, RG 19/181 yard files) remain open leads.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-40-lsm40-09