Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
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[1]research packet 573-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lsm-41-lsm41-pkt-573-packet-md
-
[2]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987); propulsion basis: NavSource LSM-41 class specification (Turner compilation) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373; NavSource LSM-41 specifications section
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era-consistent materials inference for a 1944 welded diesel-powered amphibious hull: peer-reviewed historical research documents that asbestos was used extensively as fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII and that wartime demand drove unprecedented use aboard new construction. For this vessel type the plausible applications are engine-room exhaust lagging and machinery insulation, gaskets and packing, fire-resistant board and insulation in accommodation spaces, electrical insulation, and winch/windlass brake linings. Unlike steam-driven vessels, this diesel ship carried no boilers or steam lines, so boiler and steam-pipe lagging - historically the heaviest shipboard asbestos loading - is not applicable to this hull.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944 construction; 1944-1946 service
- Population
- Construction trades (Brown Shipbuilding, Houston, 1944); ship's crew (5 officers + 54 enlisted class figure)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarship applied to a hull by inference - Corn & Starr documents WWII shipbuilding practice generally and does not name this vessel or the LSM class; the product-application list is generic-era, not drawn from an LSM design document. Does not establish that asbestos was aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-41-01
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[3]U.S. General Accounting Office, HRD-80-2, 'Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure' (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page (title, publication date, summary); full-text PDF https://www.gao.gov/assets/hrd-80-2.pdf returned HTTP 403 to automated fetch on 2026-10-02
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO report 'Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure' (HRD-80-2, published 18 October 1979) documents at program level that the Navy used asbestos aboard ships and in shipyards and that it undertook worker-protection measures - era/program context for a 1944-built Navy hull built in a civilian emergency yard.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- report published 1979; covers Navy practice era
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers and ship crews (program context)
- Limitations
- Program-level context only: does not name this vessel, the LSM class, or Brown Shipbuilding; establishes only that Navy shipboard asbestos use was widespread and officially acknowledged. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov 403); description taken from the GAO product page.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-41-02
-
[4]NARA, USS LSM-41 War Diary, 11/1/44 to 3/31/45, NAID 139965663 (RG 38, WWII War Diaries, Roll A1517, micro serial 115586); companion monthly war diaries Apr-Oct 1945 also digitized (e.g., NAID 633411483, 140057605, 101726592, 77477803, 77490097, 77532339, 77570627) [other_primary]
- Locator
- 17 scanned pages read at IIIF image service; cover letter + enclosures A-E (Nov 1944-Mar 1945)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The ship's own war diary (submitted 7 April 1945, serial 12, signed by Lt. Willard W. Williams, CO) documents in daily entries: Mapia Islands operation (off Pegun Island 15 Nov 1944, LVTs discharged under the assault plan); Asia Islands operation (off Igi Island 19 Nov 1944, beached on coral reef to land bulldozer); Lingayen Gulf - beached White Beach One at 1014 on S-Day 9 Jan 1945 in the eighth assault wave, repeated beachings on White Beaches One/Two through 12 Jan under enemy mortar and shell fire without hits; Nasugbu - beached 0846 on 31 Jan 1945 under enemy machine-gun and mortar fire; Palawan Operation Victor-3 - beached Puerto Princesa 1201 on 28 Feb 1945 in TG 78.2, then cargo/radar lifts and guerrilla pickups around Palawan through March.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-11 to 1945-03
- Population
- Ship's company, Nov 1944-Mar 1945
- Limitations
- Contemporaneous ship-authored primary record; establishes combat itinerary and operating dates in detail. Contains no materials, insulation, or asbestos information - supports no asbestos claim. Occupation-service dates (27 Sep-2 Oct 1945) come from NavSource, not the pages read here.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-41-03
-
[5]NARA, Muster Rolls of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Other Naval Activities - LSM-41 file unit, NAID 126615883 (RG 24, Bureau of Naval Personnel) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Catalog record NAID 126615883; opening reel-target pages sampled via IIIF image service
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA holds the ship's muster rolls 'LSM-41, 8/3/44-4/1/46' (RG 24, Muster Rolls of U.S. Navy Ships, microfilm Roll 3618, 101 digitized pages) - the roll opens on the compiled commissioning date (3 Aug 1944) and runs to within two weeks of the compiled decommissioning date (16 Apr 1946), independently corroborating the ship's exact commissioned-service window.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-08 to 1946-04
- Population
- Ship's company, 1944-08-03 to 1946-04-01
- Limitations
- Record existence and coverage dates verified from the catalog entry; individual crew names/counts were not extracted - page-level name review not performed. Contains no asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-41-04
-
[6]NHHC online reading room, 'Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual [Rev. 1953] - Memo - Changes' (Op-03 to Op-02, 19 Aug 1954), Enclosure (6) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Enclosure (6) vessel list under Lingayen Gulf invasion, 4-18 Jan 1945
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- An official Navy awards-audit memo hosted at NHHC (Op-03 to Op-02, 19 Aug 1954, 'Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual, NAVPERS 15,790 (Rev. 1953); recommendations for changes to') lists 'LSM's 41, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 127, 137, 219, 223, 268, 269' in Enclosure (6): ships and UDT units reported by Commander SEVENTH Fleet as having participated in the invasion of Lingayen Gulf, 4-18 January 1945, in a review that found 414 apparent battle-star errors or omissions for Leyte Gulf and Lingayen awards.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1954 memo; documents Jan 1945 service
- Limitations
- Officially documents LSM-41's reported Lingayen participation (consistent with her own war diary). Awards nuance: Enclosure 6 lists ships reported as participants 'who did not receive battle stars'; NavSource nonetheless shows Lingayen among the ship's four battle-star campaigns. Whether the Lingayen star was subsequently awarded or the compiled record miscounts is unresolved - treated as an awards-record discrepancy, not a service discrepancy. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-41-05
-
[7]NavSource Naval History, USS LSM-41 page - history extract credited to 'LSM-LSMR Amphibious Forces,' Vol. II (Turner Publishing, 1997, ISBN 1-56311-389-9) [other_primary]
- Locator
- USS LSM-41 archive page (history extract, specifications, commanding-officer list)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Compiled ship record: LSM-1 class; laid 28 May 1944 at Brown Shipbuilding Co., Houston, TX; launched 22 Jun 1944; commissioned USS LSM-41 on 3 Aug 1944 (Lt. Willard W. Williams USNR); Asiatic-Pacific campaigns - Western New Guinea (Mapia group 14 Nov, Asia group 19 Nov 1944), Luzon/Lingayen Gulf (9 Jan 1945), Manila Bay-Bicol (Nasugbu 31 Jan 1945), Southern Philippines (Palawan 28 Feb-1 Mar 1945); occupation service Far East 27 Sep-2 Oct 1945; four battle stars; decommissioned 16 Apr 1946 at Charleston Navy Yard, SC; struck (date unknown); sold 11 Feb 1948 to Morris Schrier, Atlantic City, NJ, fate unknown. COs: Williams (to 13 Oct 1945), Lt.(jg) Leroy C. Stone (to Dec 1945), Lt.(jg) Frank H. Hubbard (to 16 Apr 1946).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation, not an official source - used because numbered landing ships have no DANFS entry. Combat itinerary is corroborated line-for-line by the ship's own war diary (ev-03) and the 1954 NHHC memo (ev-05); the service window is corroborated by the muster roll (ev-04). Construction dates, occupation-service dates, sale, and CO list rest on this compilation alone. No asbestos or materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-41-06
-
[8]Batch-6220 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS; NARA catalog; MARAD ShipHistory; NVR; CourtListener API v4 opinions + RECAP dockets [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lsm-41-01 through sl-uss-lsm-41-12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed asbestos case naming USS LSM-41 was found in the sources searched. Official-source negatives: no DANFS entry exists (NHHC DANFS URL 404s); no Naval Vessel Register page (NVR excludes pre-1987 disposals); no MARAD vessel-history card (MARAD database lists only LSM-454 under 'LSM'). CourtListener API v4: 1 opinion and 2 dockets contain the string 'LSM-41', all name collisions unrelated to the vessel (see search_ledger).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944-built hull is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials, and the ship's post-1948 fate is unknown, so no post-service survey could surface. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-41-07
-
[9]NARA record-group mapping: RG 24 (Bureau of Naval Personnel - muster rolls, deck logs), RG 38 (CNO war diaries/action reports), RG 19 (Bureau of Ships), RG 26 (USCG vessel documentation) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA Guide to Federal Records, RG 24/RG 38/RG 19/RG 26; catalog.archives.gov 'LSM-41' search returned 124 file units (war diaries + muster roll confirmed digitized)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved beyond catalog level; no spend authorized): NARA RG 24 deck logs for LSM-41 may exist in the WWII deck-logs series; RG 38 also holds seven additional digitized monthly war diaries for this ship (Apr-Oct 1945) plus any action reports; BuShips contract and construction records for Brown Shipbuilding LSM hulls (RG 19) and Houston-area yard records could document outfitting/materials specifications for this hull; post-1948 disposition may be traceable via USCG merchant-vessel documentation (RG 26) under the buyer name Morris Schrier, Atlantic City.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1948 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-41-08