Evidence
6 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-6).
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[1]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-460 (archives/10/14/14460.htm) - construction, commissioning, unit assignments, awards, occupation/China service dates, decommissioning, disposal; history extract credited to LSM-LSMR Amphibious Forces, Vol. II (Turner Publishing, 1997) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/14/14460.htm header block, awards table, specifications block, photo captions, commanding-officers table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: laid down 6 January 1945 at Brown Shipbuilding Co., Houston, TX; launched 27 January 1945; commissioned USS LSM-460 on 28 February 1945, Lt. Edmund B. Koehler USNR in command. WWII assignment: Asiatic-Pacific Theater, LSM Flotilla Eleven, LSM Group Thirty-Three, LSM Division Sixty-Five. Post-war occupation and China service: Navy Occupation Service Medal (Asia clasp) 11 November-3 December 1945; China Service Medal (extended) 4-21 December 1945. Awards also include American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal. Photographic record: beached at Marcus Island, fall 1946; under way in San Francisco Bay 1945-46 (NHHC photo NH 79845); nested with other LSMs in San Diego Bay. Decommissioned 14 January 1948 at San Francisco, CA; struck from the Naval Register (date unknown); sold for scrapping 20 January 1948 to Fairbanks Morse & Co., Chicago, IL. Five commanding officers listed, ending with LTjg John William Wicks USN (1947 - 14 January 1948).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1945-1948
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding construction trades (Jan-Feb 1945); commissioning and wartime crew (5 officers + 54 enlisted per spec block); embarked troops (up to 2 officers + 46 enlisted); 1948 shipbreakers
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - its milestone dates generally track official records but the struck date is explicitly 'unknown' and a secondary source (uboat.net) reports 22 January 1948 without authoritative confirmation (see gaps). Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-460-01
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[2]NHHC, 'The Navy's Happy Medium' (art exhibit page, Naval Amphibious Operations from WWII) - LSM type description [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Page body text beneath exhibit image (accession 88-159-HN)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official NHHC description of the LSM type: the Navy needed a landing ship between the LCI (Landing Craft, Infantry) and the LST (Landing Ship, Tank) in size and displacement, and its designers produced 'the compact and maneuverable LSM (Landing Ship, Medium)' - the class to which this hull belonged.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- WWII (page context); accessed 2026-10-01
- Limitations
- Type-level description only - does not name this hull and contains no asbestos or construction-material content. Confirms class identity and design intent only.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-460-02
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[3]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications block for this hull (two Fairbanks-Morse 38D81/8X10 diesels, direct drive, twin screws - diesel ship, no steam plant); WWII mass-production amphibious construction era; GAO HRD-80-2 (see ev-uss-lsm-460-04) documenting Navy-wide asbestos insulation use aboard ships [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specifications block; GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-driven landing ship built January-February 1945 at Brown Shipbuilding, Houston, sits inside the era in which the Navy used asbestos insulation and materials aboard its ships. As a diesel vessel she carried no boilers or steam turbines - the boiler/turbine-lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply - but era-standard applications aboard a 1945 amphibious ship of this type were diesel-exhaust and machinery lagging, exhaust/flange gaskets, valve packing, electrical insulation, accommodation insulation board, deck covering compounds, and brake linings.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1945-1948
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding construction trades (Jan-Feb 1945); crew (1945-48); 1948 shipbreakers
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for LSM-460. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-460-03
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[4]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979; publicly released Oct 22, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO HRD-80-2 product page, Highlights section
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reviewed the Navy's efforts to protect workers from asbestos exposure at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards, covering the use of asbestos in Navy ships, the cost of removing asbestos from Navy ships, and compensation programs for asbestos-related disabilities. The Navy's 1975 policy was to remove and replace with nonasbestos materials only damaged insulation or insulation that had to be removed for necessary repairs; in 1979 the policy was modified to selectively replace asbestos insulation in high-maintenance areas.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1979 (report); Navy asbestos-use era generally
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers (program-level context)
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation, not a hull record - GAO fieldwork yards were Long Beach and Norfolk; LSM-460 is not named. Moreover this hull was sold for scrapping in January 1948, roughly three decades before the documented Navy removal-policy era, so no Navy abatement record for her can exist; the row establishes only that asbestos was a documented Navy-wide shipboard material of the era. gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated direct fetch; product-page description captured via Firecrawl scrape (live page verified 2026-10-01); full-text PDF pull remains an open lead.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-460-04
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[5]National Archives catalog (catalog.archives.gov) search for 'LSM-460' - 61 fuzzy results, none a file unit named for this hull; adjacent-hull records cataloged (e.g., 'LSM-462, 3/4/45-1/1/49 (1 of 2)', NAID 193111864, RG 24 Muster Rolls; 'LSM-416, 11/26/44-3/12/47', NAID 193163807) [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov search 'LSM-460' (61 results, pages 1-3 reviewed); NAID 193111864; NAID 193163807
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA catalog search surfaced no file unit named for LSM-460 - returns were fuzzy matches on other LSM hulls and LSM-unit war diaries. RG 24 (Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel) muster rolls and deck logs are cataloged for adjacent hulls in the same build block, so LSM-460 personnel and deck-log records most likely exist in the same series/microfilm but were not located as a digitized, hull-named file unit.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 2026-10-01
- Limitations
- Search-level finding, not a record pull - absence of a digitized hull-named file unit does not prove absence of archival records; RG 24 microfilm and any BuShips work-package records remain unexamined leads. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-460-05
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[6]Batch-6273 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS (no LSM coverage); hazegray DANFS mirror; NavSource amphibious archive; NVR; NARA catalog; GAO; CourtListener API v4 (opinion type); secondary web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lsm-460-01 through sl-uss-lsm-460-09
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming LSM-460 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener returned zero results for 'LSM-460' in both the opinion index (type=o) and the docket/RECAP index (type=r), and zero for the unhyphenated variant 'LSM 460' in opinions - a completed negative, not a blocked query. Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case; no law-firm marketing listicle naming this specific hull was encountered.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 2026-10-01
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - era-consistent inference remains reasonable for a 1945 diesel amphibious ship. CourtListener coverage is limited to its indexed opinions and RECAP dockets; unindexed filings, state-court matters, and settled claims are outside its scope. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-460-06