Evidence
7 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-7).
-
[1]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-461 - build/milestone timeline, unit assignments, occupation and China service window, disposal, commanding officers, awards, specifications (history extract attributed to LSM-LSMR Amphibious Forces, Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1997) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/14/14461.htm - history narrative, awards display, specifications block, commanding-officers table (verified live 2026-10-01)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 13 January 1945 at Brown Shipbuilding Co., Houston, TX; launched 3 February 1945; commissioned USS LSM-461, 1 March 1945, LT. Fred J. Carideo USNR in command. WWII assignment: Asiatic-Pacific Theater, LSM Flotilla Eleven, LSM Group Thirty-Three, LSM Division Sixty-Five. Post-war: Occupation and China service in the Far East 8 September 1945 to 20 August 1946 (Navy Occupation Service Medal and China Service Medal (extended) windows identical). Decommissioned 20 August 1946 and transferred same day to the Republic of China; struck from the Naval Register, date unknown; final disposition: seized October 1949 by Peoples Republic of China forces, fate unknown. Awards: China Service Medal (extended), American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, WWII Victory Medal, Navy Occupation Service Medal (Asia clasp). Commanding officers: LT. Carideo (1 Mar 1945 - 3 Nov 1945); LTjg. Anthony J. Maloney USNR (3 Nov 1945 - 28 Apr 1946); LT. Cecil Ira Laulo USN (28 Apr 1946 - Aug 1946); LT. Walter Kendall Parker USN (Aug 1946 - 20 Aug 1946). Specifications: 520t light / 743t landing / 1,095t full; 203'6" o/a; 34'6" beam; 13.2 kts; two Fairbanks-Morse 38D81/8X10 diesels, 1,440 BHP each @ 720 rpm, direct drive, twin propellers 2,800 shp; ship's service two 100kW 450V A.C. + one 20kW 120V D.C. diesel-drive generators; complement 5 officers + 54 enlisted; troops 2 officers + 46 enlisted; one twin 40mm bow gun + four single 20mm; 10-lb STS splinter shield.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1949
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding construction trades (Jan-Mar 1945); wartime crew (Mar 1945 - Aug 1946)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation; its per-hull history extract is attributed to Turner Publishing's LSM-LSMR Amphibious Forces Vol. II (1997), not an official registry page - milestones corroborated by shipbuildinghistory and uboat.net. Contains no asbestos or material content. No individual DANFS entry exists for this hull (NHHC candidate URLs 404; hazegray DANFS mirror index lists no LSM-461 entry; NHHC site search returns only incidental PDF text matches).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-461-lsm461-01
-
[2]Shipbuilding History (Tim Colton compilation), Brown Shipbuilding Co., Houston TX - yard profile and complete build table [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/emergencylarge/brown.htm - yard narrative and build table row 268 (verified live 2026-10-01)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Corroborating yard record: Brown Shipbuilding was established in 1941/1942 by George and Herman Brown at the junction of Green's Bayou and the Houston Ship Channel with $9 million in Navy funding, and built 12 PCs, 32 LCI(L)s, 61 DEs and 254 LSMs - 359 vessels in four years; the yard was leased to Todd Shipyards in 1949. Build table lists this hull as yard number 268, 'LSM 461', laid down 13-Jan-45, launched 3-Feb-45, delivered/commissioned 1-Mar-45, disposition 'To China 1946, seized by PRC 1949' - matching the NavSource timeline.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1945-1949
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding construction trades (1941-1946 wartime output)
- Limitations
- Respected specialist secondary compilation, not a primary registry. Corroborates construction and disposition; contains no asbestos or material content. Yard-level asbestos documentation (e.g., NIOSH evaluation, abatement record) for Brown Shipbuilding was not located - marketing pages asserting yard asbestos use were excluded by source policy.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-461-lsm461-02
-
[3]uboat.net Allied Warships, USS LSM 461 (LSM 461) - milestone table [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/13048.html milestone table (verified live 2026-10-01)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Corroborating compilation: ordered 10 July 1944; built by Brown Shipbuilding Co., Houston; laid down 13 January 1945; launched 3 February 1945; commissioned 1 March 1945; end service 20 August 1946 - 'Decommissioned on 20 August 1946 and transferred to China.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation; sole located source for the 10 July 1944 order date (single-source - flagged in gaps). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-461-lsm461-03
-
[4]NARA RG 38, World War II Command Files - 'Type of Command, Landing Craft, LSM Group 33 Rosters 1945' (NAID 26866650, paper, College Park); plus digitized COM LSM GR 33 war diaries Jul-Dec 1945 (NAIDs 101778195, 77489132, 77520659, 77537038, 633455759, 140086720) [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov/id/26866650 (rosters); war diaries NAIDs 101778195 (7/45), 77489132 (8/45), 77520659 (9/45), 77537038 (10/45), 633455759 (11/45), 140086720 (12/45) - Sep and Dec installments read via scanned images
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA holds records of this hull's documented parent unit: the 1945 rosters file for LSM Group Thirty-Three (paper-only, unrestricted, NARA College Park) and six monthly COM LSM GR 33 war diaries July-December 1945 (digitized, Fold3 partnership). Spot-check of the September installment (NAID 77520659) shows the flagship task unit (LSM-300, 301, 303, 305, 497) transiting San Pedro - Pearl Harbor - Eniwetok to Guam; the December installment (NAID 140086720) shows the flagship at Sasebo, Japan, noting LSM-462 alongside on 8 December as only the second ship of the group the Group Commander had seen since July. LSM-461 does not appear by name in either installment - consistent with LSM Division Sixty-Five elements operating separately during her documented occupation/China service window.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1945
- Population
- LSM Group 33 ships' companies and group staff (1945-1946)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: the rosters file is undigitized and was not read; war diaries were keyword-searched in the catalog and two of six monthly installments were read directly - LSM-461 is not named in those two. Presence in the rosters file is inferred from NavSource's unit assignment, not confirmed. No asbestos content in any of these record series as cataloged.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-461-lsm461-04
-
[5]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications for this hull (two Fairbanks-Morse 38D81/8X10 diesels, direct drive, no steam plant); LSM-1-class diesel design; wartime construction date (Jan-Mar 1945); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-era documentation (see ev-06) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specifications block (this hull); LSM-1 class design parameters
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered amphibious landing ship built in early 1945 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard applications aboard a vessel of this type and period were thermal insulation and lagging on engines and diesel exhaust lines, machinery insulation, gaskets, valve packing, electrical insulation, and accommodation-space insulation in the confined hull volume. As a diesel ship she carried no boilers or steam turbines - the boiler/steam-line lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply, but the small-ship confined-space exposure dynamic applies.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1945-1949
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding construction trades (1945); wartime crew (1945-46); Republic of China Navy crew (1946-49)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for LSM-461. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantity; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-461-lsm461-05
-
[6]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1945) and U.S. service era (1945-46).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers and crews, asbestos-use era
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov returned HTTP 403 to automated fetch, confirmed 2026-10-01 - same standing block noted in batches 01 and 98) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-461-lsm461-06
-
[7]Batch-6274 search ledger (this record): NavSource; shipbuildinghistory; uboat.net; NARA catalog (war diaries + RG 38 rosters); NHHC DANFS/site search; NVR; CourtListener API v4 (authenticated, type=o and type=r); NIOSH HHE index; secondary web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lsm-461-lsm461-01 through -11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming USS LSM-461 (LSM-461) was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener verified negative 2026-10-01: 'LSM-461' opinion search returned 17 results, all name/docket-token collisions in unrelated cases (e.g., 'LSM' as letter-sorting-machine acronym; '461' as docket-number token) - none asbestos, none naming the vessel; 'USS LSM-461' opinions returned 0; 'LSM-461' docket (RECAP) search returned 0. The only 'asbestos aboard landing ships' material found is law-firm marketing content (gorilaw.com, mesothelioma.com, mesothelioma.net) asserting era asbestos use without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-01
- Study period
- 2026-10-01
- Limitations
- A CourtListener negative covers only what that index holds - it is not proof that no claim, settlement, or unreported case exists. Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - 1945 wartime construction sits inside the documented Navy asbestos-use era. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-461-lsm461-07