Evidence
7 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-7).
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[1]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-48 - construction timeline, commanding officers, campaign participation, specifications, disposal (verified live 2026-10-02) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/14/14048.htm header block, campaign block, specifications block, commanding-officers list, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: laid down 14 June 1944 at Brown Shipbuilding Co., Houston, TX; launched 7 July 1944; commissioned USS LSM-48 on 7 August 1944, LT. Marcel T. Graugnard USNR in command. Assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater: LSM Flotilla Five (CDR. W. H. Carpenter USN), LSM Group Fourteen (LCDR. A. E. Lind USNR), LSM Division Twenty-Seven; participated in the Iwo Jima operation (assault and occupation of Iwo Jima, 19 February to 16 March 1945), earning one battle star; ribbons include the Combat Action Ribbon (retroactive, Iwo Jima). Post-war assigned to Occupation service in the Far East, 25 October to 4 December 1945. Decommissioned 27 May 1946 at Charleston Navy Yard, Charleston, S.C. Struck from the Naval Register, date unknown. Final disposition: sold 3 February 1948 to Stanolind Oil & Gas Co., Tulsa, OK; fate unknown. Commanding officers: LT. Marcel T. Graugnard USNR (7 August 1944 - October 1945); LTjg. Ralph Anton Zettel USNR (October 1945 - 27 May 1946). Specifications: 520 t. light / 743 t. landing / 1,095 t. fully loaded; 203'6" ovl; beam 34'6"; speed 13.2 kts; complement 5 officers, 54 enlisted; troop accommodations 2 officers, 46 enlisted; armament one twin 40mm bow mount, four single 20mm mounts; capacity 5 medium or 3 heavy tanks, or 6 LVTs, or 9 DUKWs. Propulsion: two Fairbanks Morse (model 38D81/8X10) diesel engines, direct drive, 1,440 BHP each, twin propellers, 2,800 shp. Photo captions document: LSM-48 and LCT-631 beached at Iwo Jima, February 1945 (USS LSM/LSMR Association); LSM-48 underway en route from Iwo Jima to Pearl Harbor, circa April 1945, 'Note the absence of her bow doors lost during a typhoon' (Cliff Holloway via USS LSM/LSMR Association). History extract sourced by NavSource to LSM-LSMR Amphibious Forces, Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1997.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding construction trades (1944); crew (1944-46); embarked troops (Iwo Jima, 1945); Charleston Navy Yard decommissioning trades (1946)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - its milestones generally track NVR/DANFS but no DANFS entry exists for this hull and NVR does not cover pre-1987 disposals, so most dates could not be cross-checked against a primary registry this session. Its history extract is credited to a 1997 commercial association volume, not an official source. Contains no asbestos content. The 1948 sale predates modern ACM-handling regulation; no hazmat or material record for the hull's post-sale fate was located.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-48-lsm48-01
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[2]NHHC, 'United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945' (Navy Department Library online reading room) - ARCHIVED copy cited: live history.navy.mil page returned HTTP 404 on 2026-10-02; Wayback capture 2025-12-08 used [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Wayback capture 20251208110431, 'LSM FLOTILLA FIVE' > 'LSM GROUP 14' > 'LSM DIVISION 28' listing
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The official Navy Department Library fleet-organization document places LSM 48 in LSM DIVISION 28 of LSM GROUP 14 (ComLSMGrp 14 Lt. Cdr. A. E. Lind USNR) under LSM FLOTILLA FIVE, as of 1 May 1945, with 'Lt. M. T. Gravgnard (USNR)' listed as her commanding officer (a misspelling of Graugnard - see ev-07). Division 28 as listed: LSM 48, LSM 59, LSM 60 (GF), LSM 238, LSM 239, and others.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-05-01
- Population
- Crew (1945)
- Limitations
- Fleet-organization listing only: establishes administrative assignment and commander as of 1 May 1945, not operations or material condition. Conflicts with NavSource's 'LSM Division Twenty-Seven' (see ev-07 and gaps). No asbestos content. Live NHHC URL returned 404 on 2026-10-02; citation is the Wayback capture and is labeled as archived.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-48-lsm48-02
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[3]Vice Admiral George Carroll Dyer, USN (Ret.), 'The Amphibians Came to Conquer: The Story of Admiral Richmond Kelly Turner' (U.S. Government Printing Office; Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 71-603853), Chapter XXIII 'Iwo Jima: Death at Its Best' - HyperWar/ibiblio verbatim transcription of the official Navy history (verified live 2026-10-02) [other_primary]
- Locator
- HyperWar ACTC chapter 23, task organization T.U. 53.4.2 'LSM UNIT BAKER' listing
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The Iwo Jima task organization in the official history lists LSM-48 (Lieutenant M. T. Graugnard, USNR) in T.U. 53.4.2 LSM Unit Baker under Lieutenant Commander A. E. Lind, USNR, within T.G. 53.4 LSM Flotilla (Commander W. H. Carpenter), alongside LSM-60 (GF), LSM-59, LSM-70, LSM-74, LSM-126, LSM-145, LSM-201, LSM-202 and others - documenting this hull's assignment for the assault on Iwo Jima, February 1945.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-02
- Population
- Crew and embarked troops (Iwo Jima, February 1945)
- Limitations
- Official-history task organization (order of battle), transcribed on HyperWar - an independent mirror of a GPO publication; the transcription was read, not the GPO original. Establishes presence/assignment for the Iwo Jima operation; the landing participation itself (19 Feb - 16 Mar 1945) is documented by NavSource (ev-01) and the hull's Iwo Jima photographs. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-48-lsm48-03
-
[4]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications block (LSM-1 class; two Fairbanks Morse diesel engines, direct drive - no steam plant); NavSource class index ('A total of five hundred fifty-eight Landing Ship Medium (LSM) were built during World War II', https://www.navsource.net/archives/10/14/14idx.htm, verified live 2026-10-02); GAO HRD-80-2 program-level asbestos-use documentation (see ev-05) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 14048.htm specifications block; NavSource 10/14/14idx.htm class index header
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A Landing Ship Medium built June-August 1944 sits squarely inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era. Era-standard applications aboard a diesel landing ship of this type and period were thermal insulation, machinery and diesel-exhaust lagging, gaskets, valve packing, and electrical insulation in machinery and accommodation spaces. As a diesel-driven ship with no steam plant, the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding construction trades (1944); crew (1944-46); Charleston Navy Yard decommissioning trades (1946)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation schedule, material list, survey, or work package located for LSM-48. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull. No LSM-specific class profile exists in the Atlas class-profile set; the nearest amphibious class profile is LST-1 (a different, steam-era design) and was not used as evidence.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-48-lsm48-04
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[5]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2, Highlights section (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reviewed Navy use of asbestos in ships and documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships; its 1975 policy was to remove and replace with nonasbestos materials only insulation that was damaged or had to be removed for repairs, modified in 1979 to selectively replace asbestos insulation in high-maintenance areas - i.e., asbestos insulation remained standard Navy ship material through and beyond this hull's 1944 construction and 1944-46 service era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979 (review); use era spanning 1944
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Fieldwork for the review covered the Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards. Full report text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-10-02) - finding value follows the GAO product-page Highlights description, verified live 2026-10-02.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-48-lsm48-05
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[6]Batch-6294 search ledger (this record): NavSource; NHHC Pacific Fleet Organization 1 May 1945 (archived); Dyer official history (HyperWar); GAO product page; CourtListener authenticated API v4 (opinion + docket indexes); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lsm-48-lsm48-01 through -12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or qualifying litigation naming USS LSM-48 was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener authenticated API v4 searches returned ZERO results for '"LSM-48"' in the opinion index (type=o), ZERO for '"LSM-48"' in the docket/RECAP index (type=r), and ZERO for '"LSM 48"' in the docket/RECAP index; the '"LSM 48"' opinion-index query could not be completed this session (fleet pacing budget spent - see search_ledger sl-09; logged as blocked, not as a negative result). Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case and no law-firm marketing page that even names this hull - only generic shipyard/mesothelioma marketing content, excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard. One of four planned CourtListener queries ('LSM 48' with space, opinion index) is an open gap (pacing-blocked); the canonical dashed form was searched in both indexes with zero hits. Deck logs, Brown Shipbuilding work packages, and any post-1948 commercial-owner records are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-48-lsm48-06
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[7]Assignment cross-check: NHHC 'United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945' (archived; ev-02) vs NavSource USS LSM-48 page (ev-01) vs Dyer official history Iwo Jima task organization (ev-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 14048.htm campaign block; Wayback capture 20251208110431 'LSM DIVISION 28'; HyperWar ACTC ch. 23 T.U. 53.4.2
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- DISCREPANCY preserved, not resolved: NavSource assigns this hull to 'LSM Division Twenty-Seven' (LSM Group Fourteen, LSM Flotilla Five); the NHHC fleet-organization document of 1 May 1945 lists LSM 48 in LSM DIVISION 28 of the same Group 14 / Flotilla Five. The official-history Iwo Jima task organization (February 1945) lists her in T.U. 53.4.2 LSM Unit Baker without a division number. The NHHC document also renders her CO as 'Lt. M. T. Gravgnard' - a misspelling of Graugnard (NavSource commanding-officers list and Dyer task organization agree on Graugnard). Both organizational sources are carried; the division number is flagged disputed rather than either value being asserted.
- Verification
- disputed
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945
- Limitations
- Administrative-assignment discrepancy only; no bearing on material or exposure questions. Wartime amphibious task organizations were fluid and divisions were reassigned; the two sources may reflect different dates. No primary deck-log or flotilla-record resolution was located.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-48-lsm48-07