Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
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[1]research packet 589-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: REAL
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lsm-541-lsm541-pkt-589-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-541 (10/14/14541) - timeline, specification block, awards, commanding officer, Greek transfer (live fetch verified 2026-10-02) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/14/14541.htm - header block, specifications block, awards ribbon block, commanding-officers table, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull (history extract credited to 'LSM-LSMR Amphibious Forces, Vol. II', Turner Publishing, 1997): LSM-1 class; laid down 10 May 1945 at Brown Shipbuilding Co., Houston TX; launched, date unknown; commissioned USS LSM-541, 8 December 1945, LTjg. Ernest H. Nelson USNR in command; decommissioned 2 May 1947 at Green Cove Springs FL; laid up in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet, Florida Group, Green Cove Springs; struck from the Naval Register, date unknown; transferred 30 June 1958 to Greece, renamed HNS Krystalldis (L-165); final disposition 'fate unknown'. Awards shown: American Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal. Spec block: 520 t. light / 743 landing / 1,095 full; 203'6" ovl; beam 34'6"; 13.2 kts max; complement 5 officers + 54 enlisted; one twin 40mm + four single 20mm; propulsion two GM 16-278A diesels, 1,440 BHP each, direct drive, twin propellers 2,800 shp. Photos: USS LSM-541 moored pierside (contributor John Plogh) and ex-LSM-541 beached in Greek service as Krystalldis (official Hellenic Navy photo via Tony Vrailas).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-1958
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding construction trades (1945); commissioning crew (1945-47); Atlantic Reserve Fleet caretakers (1947-58); Hellenic Navy crew (1958-forward)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation citing the Turner Publishing LSM-LSMR history, not a primary registry; its launch and struck dates are listed as unknown and its 'laid down 10 May 1945' conflicts with shipbuildinghistory.com and uboat.net (both 7 July 1945) - see gaps. Verified live 2026-10-02. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-541-01
-
[3]ShipbuildingHistory.com (Tim Colton), Brown Shipbuilding yard production table - hull 348 row [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com Brown Shipbuilding page, production table row 348
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Brown Shipbuilding yard production table carries this hull as yard hull no. 348: 'LSM 541 | Landing Ship | keel laid 7-Jul-45 | launched 18-Aug-45 | delivered 8-Dec-45 | Laid up 1947, to Greece 1958 as Krystalidid (L-165)'. Yard-level totals: Brown built 12 PCs, 32 LCI(L)s, 61 DEs and 254 LSMs (359 vessels in four years) at the Green's Bayou / Houston Ship Channel site; the yard was leased to Todd Shipyards 1949-1984 and is now the Brown Shipbuilding Industrial Park.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-1958
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding construction trades (1945)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation of builder/Maritime Commission-style yard records; 'delivered' is the yard-side milestone and coincides with NavSource's commissioning date (8 Dec 1945) but is not labeled a commissioning. The Greek-name spelling 'Krystalidid' is a typographical variant (Hellenic Navy: KRYSTALLIDIS; NavSource: Krystalldis). Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-541-02
-
[4]uboat.net Allied Warships of WWII, USS LSM 541 (LSM 541) entry - build/service date table [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship/13092 data table ('Built by', 'Ordered', 'Laid down', 'Launched', 'Commissioned', 'End service', 'History')
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- uboat.net's entry for this hull: LSM-class medium landing ship, built by Brown Shipbuilding Co. (Houston, Texas); ordered 30 August 1944; laid down 7 July 1945; launched 18 August 1945; commissioned 7 December 1945; end service 2 May 1947; decommissioned 2 May 1947; transferred to Greece 30 June 1958.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1958
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding construction trades (1945); commissioning crew (1945-47)
- Limitations
- Secondary database (Gudmundur Helgason's Allied Warships compilation); conflicts with NavSource on the laid-down date (7 Jul vs 10 May 1945) and the commissioning date (7 vs 8 Dec 1945); 'ordered 30 Aug 1944' is single-sourced here. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-541-03
-
[5]Hellenic Navy (official site), Amphibious Forces' Command history page - ARCHIVED COPY (Wayback capture 2009-03-22; live hellenicnavy.gr/dad_history_en.asp no longer serves the page) [other_primary]
- Locator
- hellenicnavy.gr dad_history_en.asp (Wayback 20090322084515), second paragraph ('In 1958 ... it acquired six American LSTs type LSM')
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Hellenic Navy's own amphibious-forces history states that in 1958 Greece acquired six American LSMs - GRIGOROPOYLOS, KRYSTALLIDIS, ROYSSEN, DANIOLOS, TOYRNAS and MERLIN - and that 'all the above ships have been disarmed,' with the exception noted that MERLIN sank within minutes of a collision with the tanker World Hero on 15 November 1972 off Piraeus (44 crew lost). KRYSTALLIDIS is this hull (ex-USS LSM-541, L-165).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1958 onward (disarmament dates not given)
- Population
- Hellenic Navy crews of the six 1958-ex-US LSMs
- Limitations
- Archived capture of an official source - the live URL now returns 403/removed, so the Wayback copy (verified live 200 on 2026-10-02) is cited and labeled as archived. Confirms transfer of this hull to Greek service in 1958 under the name KRYSTALLIDIS; gives no L-165-specific commission/disposal dates; 'disarmed' confirms retirement but not scrapping or survival. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-541-04
-
[6]Owens Corning/Fibreboard Asbestos Personal Injury Trust, FB Approved Site List (updated 2026-05-13), records 10020240 (Brown Shipyard, Houston TX) and 10019511 (Todd Shipyard, Houston TX) - section 524(g) trust-approved exposure-site list [court_record]
- Locator
- FB-Site-List-5.13.26.xlsx, rows 10020240 / 10019511 (downloaded and parsed 2026-10-02); documents index https://www.ocfbasbestostrust.com/resources/documents/; Fuller-Austin list mirror https://www.mesothelioma.pro/static/2024/09/fuller-austin-site-list.pdf (per prior fleet research 2026-09-16)
- Finding type
- litigation_product_id
- Finding
- The Owens Corning/Fibreboard trust's court-administered approved site list carries record 10020240: 'Brown Shipyard | Houston | TX | exposure window 1/1/1941-12/31/1982' - the trust accepts that Fibreboard asbestos products were present at the building yard across a window covering this hull's entire 1945 construction. Companion record 10019511 lists 'Todd Shipyard | Houston | TX' 1/1/1928-12/31/1982 - the same Green's Bayou site under its post-1949 operator (Todd leased the Brown yard 1949-1984). The Fuller-Austin trust site list separately carries 'Brown Shipyard, Houston TX' from 1/1/1965 (post-dates this build).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1941-1982 (accepted exposure window)
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding construction and repair trades (1941-1982 accepted window; this hull's build 1945)
- Limitations
- Claims-administration site list, not an industrial survey: it establishes sites where the trust will accept claimant exposure to the debtor's products - not what was installed on any hull, and not that this vessel carried Fibreboard products. Trust lists use blanket site date ranges (the Todd Houston 1928 start predates that entity's 1949 lease of the site). Does not name LSM-541. Trust site lists are a single source family (quasi-primary); the separate Fuller-Austin and OCFB rows do not multiply families. No quantity.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-541-05
-
[7]U.S. Naval Institute, Naval History magazine (June 2025), Eric Pearson, 'The Brown Shipbuilding Company's Rise During World War II' [reputable_press]
- Locator
- USNI Naval History June 2025, Vol. 39 No. 3, Brown Shipbuilding feature
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Documents this hull's builder: Brown Shipbuilding Company, established 1941 by George and Herman Brown (Brown & Root) at Green's Bayou on the Houston Ship Channel; the second-largest employer in the Houston area during WWII with a peak workforce above 25,000; assembly-line steel construction with sideways launches into the narrow bayou; total output 12 submarine chasers, 61 destroyer escorts (38 Edsall-class, 23 John C. Butler-class), 32 LCI(L)s, and 254 Landing Ships Medium - approximately 359 vessels in four years. The yard was leased to Todd Shipyards Corporation 1949-1984 (its Houston Division), then returned to Brown & Root and sold piecemeal in 2004.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1941-1945 (construction era)
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding workforce, peak >25,000 (1942-45)
- Limitations
- Journalistic naval history (NHHC-photo-illustrated USNI magazine article), not a technical or industrial-hygiene record: corroborates yard scale, product mix, and site continuity with Todd; contains no asbestos content and nothing specific to LSM-541.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-541-06
-
[8]Era inference built on: NavSource specification block (2x GM 16-278A diesels, direct drive, twin screws - no steam plant); LSM-1-class design context (558 built 1944-45 to a Bureau of Ships mass-production design); OCFB trust site list yard-presence window (ev-05); GAO program-level asbestos-era documentation (ev-08) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource spec block; OCFB site list row 10020240; GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A Bureau of Ships-spec amphibious landing ship built in 1945 at a yard whose asbestos-product presence is accepted by a section 524(g) trust sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era. Era-standard applications aboard a vessel of this type and period were machinery and diesel-exhaust insulation, gaskets, valve packing, electrical insulation, and fireproofing/deck compounds - in a compact 203-ft hull manned by ~59 crew plus embarked troops, a confined-space exposure dynamic. As a diesel direct-drive ship she carried no boilers or steam turbines, so the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-1958
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding construction trades (1945); crew (1945-47); reserve-fleet caretakers (1947-58); Hellenic Navy crew and shipyard workers (1958-forward)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, construction specifications, or work package located for LSM-541. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantity; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-541-07
-
[9]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's construction (1945) and entire active U.S. service era (1945-47).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403 - standing access defect noted in prior batches); content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-541-08
-
[10]NARA, RG 24 'Index to Muster Rolls' file unit 'USS LSM-144 to USS LST-1005' (NAID 118967604, 2,968 images); Muster Rolls and Logbooks series file units for sister LSMs [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA NAID 118967604 (Index to Muster Rolls, RG 24); catalog search '"LSM-541"' (50 results, none naming this hull)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's digitized muster-roll index file unit spanning 'USS LSM-144 to USS LST-1005' numerically covers this hull, indicating WWII-era muster-roll coverage exists at the index level. Digitized muster-roll file units for sister hulls (LSM-416, LSM-462, LSM-490) are present in the catalog, but no file unit naming LSM-541 surfaced in quoted-phrase catalog search, and no deck-log file unit for this hull was located in the Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships and Stations series.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-1947 (muster-roll coverage window)
- Population
- Commissioning and active-service crew (1945-47)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: index coverage spanning the hull's number does not locate the rolls themselves; individual file units for this hull may exist undigitized or under alternate title forms (e.g., without hyphen). Deck logs for this hull's 1945-47 service likewise not located. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-541-09
-
[11]Batch-6327 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS canonical URLs (404 x2); NavSource live fetch; shipbuildinghistory.com; uboat.net; Hellenic Navy official history (Wayback); NARA catalog; NVR scope check; CourtListener API v4 authenticated searches; OCFB trust list; USNI; secondary web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lsm-541-01 through -12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS LSM-541 or HNS Krystalldis/Krystallidis (L-165) was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener authenticated searches returned zero hits: opinions for 'LSM-541', 'USS LSM-541', and 'Krystalldis OR Krystallidis' all count 0; docket (RECAP) search for 'LSM-541' count 0 - a genuine negative result, not a throttle. NHHC hosts no DANFS entry for this hull (canonical URLs 404). NVR carries no record (pre-1987 disposal outside coverage). No asbestos content naming this hull exists other than excluded law-firm listicle material.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - era inference at a trust-listed yard remains consistent with period practice. One residual search gap: the unhyphenated 'LSM 541' CourtListener opinion variant was blocked twice by fleet pacing (hourly budget, not quota) at session end - logged, not a negative. Greek-language sources for L-165 service/disposal not exhausted. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-541-10