Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
-
[1]research packet 597-packet.md (2 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: USS LSM-94 (VERIFIED)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lsm-94-lsm94-pkt-597-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSM-94 (10/14/14094) - construction and designation timeline, specifications, commanding officers, awards; history extract from LSM-LSMR Amphibious Forces, Vol. II (Turner Publishing, 1997) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/14/14094.htm header block, history extract, specifications block, commanding-officer table, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: LSM-1-class Landing Ship Medium; laid down 7 September 1944 at Brown Ship Building Co., Houston, TX; launched 30 September 1944; commissioned USS LSM-94, 27 October 1944, LT. John R. Shepard USNR in command. WWII assignment: Asiatic-Pacific Theater - LSM Flotilla Nine (CDR D. L. Francis USN), LSM Group Twenty-Six (LCDR L. Brouwer USN), LSM Division Fifty-One. Post-war: Occupation Service in the Far East 23 September - 6 December 1945. Decommissioned 5 April 1946 at Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, CA. Struck from the Naval Register, date unknown. Sold 16 February 1948 to Crowley Launch & Tugboat, San Francisco, for conversion to a barge; fate unknown. Specs: 520 t light / 743 t landing / 1,095 t full; 203'6" ovl; 34'6" beam; 13.2 kts; complement 5 officers + 54 enlisted; 1 twin 40mm bow mount, 4 single 20mm; 2 Fairbanks-Morse 38D81/8X10 diesels (1,440 BHP each @ 720 rpm), twin screws 2,800 shp; endurance 4,900 mi @ 12 kts. Awards: American Campaign Medal; Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal; WWII Victory Medal; Navy Occupation Service Medal (Asia clasp). COs: LT John Robert Shepard USNR (27 Oct 1944 - Sep 1945), LT John Rose Bradley USNR (Sep 1945 - 5 Apr 1946). Photos: beached at Guam alongside USS LSM-308 (date unknown); under way in San Francisco Bay 1946 (US Navy photo NH 81020, US Naval Historical Center).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding construction trades (1944); crew (1944-46); Crowley Launch & Tugboat conversion workers (1948-49)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation citing Turner Publishing's association history - milestone dates generally track NVR/DANFS but are not themselves a primary registry; it carries the striking date as unknown (uboat.net gives 8 May 1946 - see gaps). Flotilla assignment (Flotilla Nine) differs from the flotilla shown in the ship's own action report (ComLSMFlot 16, ev-02) - assignments shifted; treated as compatible, not contradictory. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-94-01
-
[3]NARA RG 38, WWII War Diaries series, NAID 77631950: 'USS LSM-94 - Report of operations in the Nagasaki, Kyushu, Japan, 9/24-26/45' - the ship's own signed action report (serial LSM94/A12/(chm) 252, CONFIDENTIAL, 27 September 1945); scanned image read directly (microfilm roll A2040, Fold3 scan) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA NAID 77631950; single-page report image (roll A2040 image 0098)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Primary-source document naming this hull: the Commanding Officer's report to Commander Task Unit 54.3.3 covering arrival at the objective through departure as a member of Task Unit 54.3.3, ComPhibGrp 4, Operation Plan No. A411-45. On 24 September 1945 she passed 32 deg 43'45"N, 129 deg 44'35"E into Nagasaki Ko, Kyushu, anchored at 1106; underway 1240 to unload at Yoroi Saki, District 4, Nagasaki; beached 1843 and disembarked members of the Second Tank Battalion, Second Marine Division and unloaded their equipment; retracted from the beach 2052 to anchorage off Dona Saki. 'No opposition was encountered. Beach facilities were not adequate nor suitable for this type of vessel in the Nagasaki area for expeditious unloading.' 25 September: fueled and returned to anchorage. 26 September 1400: departed per ComLSMFlot 16 movement order No. 1-45. Signed John R. Bradley, Lieutenant, USNR; marked ENCLOSURE (B) - i.e., an enclosure to the COM LSM FLOT 16 occupation report (NAID 77496841).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-09-24 to 1945-09-27
- Population
- Crew of LSM-94; embarked Second Tank Battalion, Second Marine Division (24-26 Sep 1945)
- Limitations
- Operational history document only - contains no asbestos or material-content information. Confirms the Nagasaki occupation landing (24-26 Sep 1945) ship-specifically, and shows the hull operating under ComLSMFlot 16 at that date (NavSource's Turner extract carries Flotilla Nine - see gaps). Report covers only the named window; other operations are not documented by it.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-94-02
-
[4]uboat.net Allied Warships, USS LSM 94 (LSM 94), ship ID 12705 - milestone table [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship 12705 'History' block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Secondary milestone record for this hull: ordered 15 September 1943; built by Brown Shipbuilding Co. (Houston, TX); laid down 7 September 1944; launched 30 September 1944; commissioned 27 October 1944; decommissioned 5 April 1946; stricken 8 May 1946; sold 16 February 1948.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1948
- Limitations
- uboat.net is a secondary compilation - dates concur with NavSource where both publish them, and its 8 May 1946 striking date matches the batch-striking pattern of sister hulls (e.g., DANFS for LSM-79, stricken 8 May 1946) but NavSource carries this hull's striking date as unknown; carried with partial status. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-94-03
-
[5]Shipbuilding History (Tim Colton), 'Landing Ships, Medium (LSM) - formerly LCT(7)s' (Jan 2018 update), LSM production table [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/lsm.htm, row 'LSM 94'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Production-table entry for this hull: 'LSM 94 | Brown SB | Houston TX | 27-Oct-44 | Sold to Crowley 1949, converted to barge.' Table header documents that 558 LSMs were built in WWII by seven shipyards on the LCT(7)-derived design (203.5 ft, 520 t light).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1949
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding trades (1944); Crowley conversion workers
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation - delivery/commissioning date (27 Oct 1944) concurs with NavSource, but the sale year is given as 1949 versus NavSource's 16 February 1948; conflict logged in gaps. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-94-04
-
[6]NARA RG 38, WWII War Diaries series, NAID 77496841: 'COM LSM FLOT 16 - Rep of opers. in the occupation of Nagasaki, Kyushu, Japan, 9/24-26/45' (micro serial 142190, serial 0014, dated 9/26/1945, roll A1877); plus NAID 178406296 'Special Lists 43-44' (RG 64) - the NARA finding aid listing surviving Navy ship deck logs, returned on an 'LSM-94 deck log' query [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA NAID 77496841 (roll A1877); NAID 178406296 (container 40)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Flotilla-level parent record: COM LSM FLOT 16's report of operations in the occupation of Nagasaki, Kyushu, 24-26 September 1945 - the report to which LSM-94's own action report (ev-02) is marked Enclosure (B). Deck-log lead: the catalog indexes 'Special Lists 43-44' (NAID 178406296), the NARA list of surviving ship logbooks (RG 24 series 'Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships and Stations'), against an 'LSM-94 deck log' query - indicating LSM-94's deck logs exist in RG 24 at College Park but are not digitized as separate catalog file units.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-09 (flotilla report); 1944-1946 (deck-log span)
- Limitations
- Archival leads only: the flotilla report's full text was not pulled (its enclosure - LSM-94's own report - was read directly). The Special List hit is catalog-level: an OCR match to the hull number inside the finding aid implies but does not itself list which log volumes survive; no deck-log content was reviewed. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-94-05
-
[7]U.S. Naval Institute, Naval History magazine, 'Historic Fleets' (A. D. Baker III, August 1994) - LSM-1 class overview [reputable_press]
- Locator
- USNI Naval History, August 1994 issue, 'Historic Fleets' LSM section
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Class context: 494 LSM-1-class Landing Ship, Medium amphibious-warfare ships were completed between April 1944 and February 1946; Brown Shipbuilding Company of Houston, Texas, built most, with the remainder from Dravo Corp., Western Pipe and Steel, Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock, Pullman Standard Car Manufacturing, and the Charleston Navy Yard. The design originated as the LCT(7) class; a 203.5-ft LSM could deliver five medium or three heavy tanks (up to ~165 tons of vehicles) or 500+ tons of cargo, with a range of about 4,900 nautical miles at 12 knots and a crew of four officers and 54 enlisted.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1946 (class production window)
- Population
- LSM-1-class crews and builders (class context)
- Limitations
- Class-level background only - the article does not name LSM-94 and contains no asbestos information. Crew figure (4 officers/54 enlisted) differs from NavSource's spec block for this hull (5 officers/54 enlisted) - see gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-94-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy's Efforts to Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979; publicly released Oct 22, 1979) - full text retrieved via Firecrawl PDF extraction this session [gao]
- Locator
- GAO HRD-80-2, 'Navy's policy on use of asbestos' section (pp. 2-4 of report letter)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- Program-level documentation spanning this hull's build and service era: per GAO, the Navy advised that 'all ships contain some asbestos in such components as clutches and electric cables'; product specifications for thermal insulation were changed in 1973 to specify asbestos-free materials, though asbestos materials already purchased were in some cases still installed and 'some ships were delivered with asbestos insulation as late as May 1978'; the Navy's October 1975 policy replaced asbestos insulation only when damaged or removed for repairs. Fieldwork was performed at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979 (report); policies referenced 1973-1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; ship crews (program review)
- Limitations
- Navy-wide program review, not a hull record - does not name LSM-94 or the LSM class. Supports era context: a ship built 1944 predates the 1973 specification change by three decades, squarely inside the documented asbestos-use era. Does not establish materials aboard this hull, quantity, or exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-94-07
-
[9]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications for this hull (Fairbanks-Morse diesel plant, no steam); USNI class article; GAO HRD-80-2 Navy-wide asbestos-era documentation (ev-07) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specifications block (diesel plant); USNI class article; GAO HRD-80-2
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-driven amphibious landing ship built in 1944 sits squarely inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era. Era-standard asbestos applications aboard a ship of this type and period were thermal insulation on machinery and exhaust components, machinery and diesel-exhaust lagging, gaskets, valve packing, electrical insulation, and friction materials (clutch and brake linings on deck machinery). As a diesel ship she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply - but the confined-hull machinery-space exposure dynamic applies.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1949
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding construction trades (1944); crew (1944-46); Crowley Launch & Tugboat conversion workers (1948-49)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for LSM-94. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-94-08
-
[10]Batch-6388 search ledger (this record): NavSource; NARA catalog (action report + flotilla report + deck-log finding aid); NHHC DANFS candidate URL and HyperWar DANFS LSM collection (both not-found); NVR detail page; uboat.net; Shipbuilding History; USNI; GAO full text; CourtListener opinion search (no result) and docket/name-variant queries (pacing-blocked); secondary web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lsm-94-01 through -11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS LSM-94 was found in the public sources searched. Ship-specific absences verified this session: no individual DANFS entry exists for this hull (NHHC URL 404; HyperWar's DANFS LSM collection covers only select hulls and has no LSM-94 page); no NVR record (ships disposed before 1987 are outside NVR coverage). CourtListener opinion search 'LSM-94' returned zero results and the docket-index search returned one hit that is a name collision (Nortel Networks bankruptcy fee exhibit, 'LSM' = timekeeper initials) - not the vessel, not asbestos (2026-10-02); name-variant queries ('USS LSM-94', 'LSM 94') and a yard-level 'Brown Shipbuilding' query were intermittently blocked by the fleet pacing budget and are logged per-query in the search ledger. Secondary web sweeps surfaced only law-firm/marketing listicles asserting asbestos aboard LSMs generally without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 amphibious landing ship is era-consistent with asbestos use. Litigation coverage is incomplete: the opinion and docket indexes were searched (clean negative + one name collision), but name-variant and yard-level queries could not all be run this session - an open gap, not a negative result. Deck logs (RG 24, undigitized) and the Crowley conversion record are untapped leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lsm-94-09