Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
-
[1]research packet 612-packet.md (1 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS LST-1009 | Hull: LST-1009 | Designation: LST (landing ship, tank) | Class: LST-542 class (see class note)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-1009-lst1009-pkt-612-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, LST-1009 - terse numbered-LST entry (NHHC live page returns 404 on 2026-10-02; cited via Wayback capture 2025-12-09) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS LST-1009 entry body (2 paragraphs, complete entry)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull (full DANFS entry): 'LST-1009 was laid down on 22 February 1944 at Quincy, Mass., by the Bethlehem Steel Co.; launched on 23 March 1944; and commissioned on 22 April 1944. Following World War II, LST-1009 performed occupation duty in the Far East until mid-April 1946. She was decommissioned on 17 July 1946 and transferred to the United States Army. The ship was struck from the Navy list on 14 March 1947.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Fore River construction trades (Feb-Apr 1944); crew (1944-46)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; no asbestos or material content. The DANFS entry is minimal even by numbered-LST standards - it names no operation, port, or campaign, and does not state where she was decommissioned or what became of the hull after the Army transfer. Live NHHC page 404s; cited via archived capture, labeled as such.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-1009-lst1009-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LST-1009 - unit assignments, occupation-service periods, commanding officers, specifications, disposal (live page verified 2026-10-02) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/161009.htm header block, unit assignments, awards bar, commanding-officer table, specifications block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource page for this hull documents: 542-class tank landing ship; radio call sign NKOJ; commissioned 22 April 1944 with LT. Joseph R. Cahn, USNR, in command; assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater under LST Flotilla Thirty-Seven (CAPT. Riley), LST Group One Hundred Ten (LCDR. C. Alexander), LST Division Two Hundred-Twenty; Navy Occupation Service Medal periods 8-29 September 1945 and 15 October 1945-15 April 1946; decommissioned 17 July 1946 and transferred to the U.S. Army; struck from the Naval Register 14 March 1947; 'Final Disposition, fate unknown.' Awards bar: American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal, Navy Occupation Service Medal (Asia clasp) - no battle stars shown. Commanding officers: LT Cahn (22 Apr 1944-2 Aug 1945), LT James H. Knorr USNR (2 Aug 1945-Dec 1945), LTjg William Isaac Foster Jr. USN (Dec 1945-17 Jul 1946). Specs: 1,625 t light / 4,080 t full / 2,366 t beaching; 328 ft oa, 50 ft beam; 11.6 kts trial; complement 13 officers + 104 enlisted; troop accommodations 16 officers + 147 enlisted; 2 LCVP; 2 x GM 12-567A diesels (900 hp each) via single Falk main reduction gear, 3 x 100 kW 230 V DC diesel-drive generators, 2 shafts 1,700 shp, twin rudders. One crew photograph on file, date and location unknown.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Fore River construction trades (1944); ship's company 1944-46 (13 officers/104 enlisted authorized); embarked troops up to 16 officers/147 enlisted
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - its milestone dates track DANFS and the BuShips roster but it is the most detailed public record located for this hull. Contains no asbestos content. The Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal is shown without battle stars; no campaign or landing operation is named for this hull in any authoritative source located.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-1009-lst1009-02
-
[4]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. II, NAVSHIPS 250-011 (15 April 1945), List of Naval Vessels roster - LST-1009 build row (shipscribe.com scan, full text extracted) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v2 List of Naval Vessels, LST roster - LST1009 row (PDF p. ~188 region of scan)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The official contemporaneous BuShips roster names this hull directly: 'LST1009' built by 'Bethlehem Steel Co., Fore River, Mass.' ('do.' carried from the LST1004 row heading the Bethlehem Quincy block), keel laid 22 Feb 44, launched 23 Mar 44, first commissioned 22 Apr 44 - matching DANFS exactly. As of the 15 April 1945 publication the roster carries no loss/transfer annotation against LST-1009 (she was then in active service).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Fore River construction trades (Feb-Apr 1944)
- Limitations
- Contemporaneous official roster documentation of build data only; publication predates her decommissioning and disposal, so it documents no post-war milestones. Contains no asbestos or material content. The roster groups her with the Quincy-built Bethlehem block (LST1004-1010+ shown as 'Bethlehem Steel Co., Fore River, Mass.').
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-1009-lst1009-03
-
[5]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data 1945 Vol. II - LST design table, block LST980-1059 (machinery and characteristics) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v2 LST design table, block row LST980-1059 (characteristics and machinery columns)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official BuShips design data for the hull-number block containing LST-1009 (LST980-1059): 328 ft oa length, 50 ft beam, ~2,366 t beaching / 4,080 t trial displacement, 11.6 kt; machinery 2 x General Motors diesel 12-567A, 1,700 shp, 2 propellers - the Boilers column is empty for this block (no boilers; only the later turbine LST1153+ carries a boilers entry). Design-block machinery is identical to the LST542-931 block (same engines and shp).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945
- Population
- n/a - design data
- Limitations
- Block-level design documentation covering hulls LST980-1059 collectively, not a hull-specific inspection. Establishes the diesel (non-steam) plant configuration for the design block; contains no asbestos or insulation-material statement.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-1009-lst1009-04
-
[6]Era inference built on: BuShips SDB-1945 v2 design block LST980-1059 (2 x GM 12-567A diesels, no boilers); NavSource specifications for this hull; shipyard-exposure-map documented asbestos product list for fore-river-shipyard (Quincy, Bethlehem Steel); Corn & Starr AJIM 11(3):359-373 (see ev-06); class profile lst-1-class.class.json (class-f worktree) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v2 design table; NavSource specifications; shipyards.json fore-river-shipyard product list; class profile ev-lst-1-class-03
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered LST built February-April 1944 at Bethlehem Steel's Fore River yard sits inside documented WWII-era asbestos use in U.S. shipbuilding. Era-standard asbestos-relevant applications aboard a diesel LST of this period: engine-room thermal/acoustic insulation, diesel exhaust lagging, machinery gaskets and valve packing, deck coverings/tile, bulkhead and accommodation insulation, and winch/windlass brake linings. As a diesel ship she carried no boilers - the boiler/turbine steam-lagging pathway does not apply, but engine-room and exhaust lagging plus widespread interior insulation applications remain relevant to a 328-ft amphibious hull built in a documented asbestos-era yard.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Fore River construction trades (1944); crew 1944-46; any Army-custody operating/maintenance trades post-1946
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material schedule, work package, or incident record located for LST-1009. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity, no manufacturer attribution, no exposure measurement.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-1009-lst1009-05
-
[7]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987), PMID 3555021 [other_primary]
- Locator
- AJIM 11(3):359-373; PubMed record verified via NCBI E-utilities (Wiley landing page returns 403 to automated fetch - access limitation, not a dead link)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and program under which this hull was mass-produced at a major Bethlehem yard.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation; does not name this vessel or yard specifically and establishes no facts about materials aboard this hull, quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-1009-lst1009-06
-
[8]Oliver v. General Electric Co. et al., U.S. District Court D. Maryland, Civ. No. 1:16-cv-01057 (via shipyard-exposure-map shipyards.json record for fore-river-shipyard) [court_record]
- Locator
- shipyards.json yard_id fore-river-shipyard (evidence row ev-fore-river-01); govinfo USCOURTS-mdd-1_16-cv-01057 PDF
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Yard-level litigation documentation for this hull's builder: a court record documents that a plaintiff worked as a pipefitter's/drafting apprentice at Fore River Shipyard, Quincy, from 1967 to 1970 and sued over asbestos-related disease. The Atlas yard dataset separately documents asbestos products for the yard (boilers, pipes, turbines, fireproofing materials, gaskets, packing, electrical components, asbestos wire insulation, asbestos cement, asbestos-containing paint).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1967-1970 (litigation window); yard documentation
- Population
- Fore River Shipyard trades (documented window 1967-70; yard asbestos product history broader)
- Limitations
- Yard-level documentation only - names Fore River Shipyard, not LST-1009 or any vessel. The documented exposure window (1967-70) postdates this hull's Feb-Apr 1944 construction and her entire Navy service (1944-46); it corroborates asbestos presence and handling at the yard generally, not aboard this hull. No ship-specific finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-1009-lst1009-07
-
[9]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s, with standing policy removing asbestos only when damaged or required for repairs - spanning this hull's entire 1944 build and 1944-46 Navy service era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved - gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch (confirmed 2026-10-02, same standing defect as BATCH-01/98); content via product-page description. The hull left Navy custody in 1946, before the documented substitution era began.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-1009-lst1009-08
-
[10]Batch-6497 search ledger (this record): DANFS via Wayback; NavSource live; BuShips SDB-1945 v2 full text; MARAD ShipHistory (error/no record); NARA catalog (JS-blocked); NVR (no entry - pre-1987 disposal); secondary web sweeps; CourtListener (see ledger row sl-05 for status) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-1009-lst1009-01 through -09
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located for USS LST-1009: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, litigation record, or material schedule naming this hull was found in the public sources searched. Web sweeps for 'LST-1009' + asbestos surfaced only registry/list pages and non-authoritative stubs - no law-firm listicle for this hull even surfaced. The hull's 1946 Army transfer and unknown final disposition foreclose the late-career museum/abatement paper trail that longer-serving LSTs (LST-325/393/510) have. CAVEAT: CourtListener could not be queried this session - the fleet-wide authenticated-search budget stayed saturated across 6 spaced attempts (~40 min); logged as blocked in search_ledger sl-05, not as a negative result.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - and the litigation repository search is a genuine open gap (paced, never reached the API). Deck logs (NARA RG 24), Fore River construction work packages, and any Army-custody or disposal records are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-1009-lst1009-09
-
[11]pt.wikipedia USS LST-1009 infobox vs. NavSource/DANFS/BuShips SDB-1945 v2 (cross-source specification comparison) [other_primary]
- Locator
- pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_LST-1009 infobox vs. NavSource 10/16/161009.htm specs and SDB1945v2 design table
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION: the only Wikipedia article for this hull (Portuguese) prints generic LST-class infobox figures that conflict with authoritative sourcing for this hull: builder 'Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp.' (DANFS and the BuShips roster state Bethlehem Steel Co., Fore River), armament '1 x 3"/50' (NavSource's documented ultimate armament for the type is 2 twin + 4 single 40 mm and 12 x 20 mm mounts), complement '7-9 officers, 104-120 enlisted' (NavSource: 13 officers + 104 enlisted), and '12 knots' (documented trial speed 11.6 kts). Separately, the class-profile member table loosely labels this hull 'LST-542 group'; BuShips SDB-1945 v2 formally places hull 1009 in design block LST980-1059 - a nomenclature-level variance only, since the block's machinery (2 x GM 12-567A, 1,700 shp, no boilers) is identical to the 542-931 block.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Corrects circulating specification/classification imprecision, not a material claim. The pt.wikipedia infobox cites no ship-specific source for its figures. No English Wikipedia article exists for this hull (404 on 2026-10-02). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-1009-lst1009-10