Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
-
[1]research packet 612-packet.md (1 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS LST-1010 | Hull: LST-1010 | Designation: LST (landing ship, tank) | Class: LST-542 class (see class note)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-1010-lst1010-pkt-612-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, LST-1010 (live NHHC page, verified 2026-10-02) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS service narrative, 'LST-1010' entry
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS entry for this hull: 'LST-1010 was laid down on 22 February 1944 at Quincy, Mass., by the Bethlehem Steel Co.; launched on 29 March 1944; and commissioned on 25 April 1944. During World War II, LST-1010 was assigned to the European theater and participated in the invasion of southern France in August 1944. She was then assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific theater and took part in the assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto in May and June 1945. Following the war, the ship performed occupation duty in the Far East until mid-January 1946. LST-1010 was transferred to the United States Army on 4 April 1947 and returned to United States Navy custody on 1 March 1950. She was later transferred to the Republic of Korea Navy on 22 March 1955 where she served as Un Pong (LST-807).' Two battle stars for World War II service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1955
- Population
- Bethlehem Fore River construction trades (Feb-Apr 1944); crew (1944-47)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; no asbestos or material content. Entry ends at the 1955 transfer - the 1974 striking, ROK decommissioning, and museum disposition come from other rows. DANFS spells the Korean name 'Un Pong'; NavSource, Gimpo, and museum registries use 'Un Bong'/'Unbong' - romanization variant only. BuShips SDB-1945 gives a 26 February 1944 keel date vs DANFS's 22 February - variant logged in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-1010-lst1010-01
-
[3]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 2 (1 January 1945), LST design table (pp. 168-169) and hull roster (p. 188) - Google-scan text layer hosted at shipscribe.com [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB-1945 v2, p. 188 hull roster entry 'LST1010'; pp. 168-169 LST design table, groups LST980-1059
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- BuShips official roster lists this hull by number: 'LST1010 ... Bethlehem Steel Co., Fore River, Mass. ... 26 Feb 44 / 29 Mar 44 / 25 Apr 44' (keel laid / launched / first commissioning). The builder entry confirms that 'Bethlehem Steel Co., Quincy' (DANFS/NavSource) is the Fore River yard at Quincy - the same physical yard as Atlas yard slug fore-river-shipyard. The class design table assigns LST980-1059 (the design group containing LST-1010): length 328'0" oa / 316'0" wl, beam 50'0", beaching displacement 2,366 t, full-load 4,080 t, trial displacement 3,960 t, trial speed 11.6 kts, limiting draft 11'2", max navigational draft 14'1", 2 propellers driven by G.M. Diesel 12-567A engines at 1,700 shp total, Falk main reduction gear (single), 3 diesel-driven 100 kW 230 V D.C. ship's-service generators, diesel fuel 4,320 bbls, accommodations approximately 13 officers / 106 enlisted, armament 2 twin + 4 single 40-mm AA mounts. Boiler columns in the LST section are blank - the type has no steam plant (only the later LST1153-1155 design carries boilers).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944 (roster dates); design table as of Jan 1945
- Population
- Bethlehem Fore River construction trades; wartime complement
- Limitations
- Primary-source conflict on one milestone: SDB roster gives keel laid 26 Feb 44; DANFS and NavSource give 22 Feb 44. Launched and commissioned dates agree across all sources. Design-table figures are class-group values (LST980-1059), not a per-hull survey; accommodations block parses as ~13 officers / 106 enlisted vs NavSource's 13/104 and secondary 7/104 - logged in gaps. No asbestos content anywhere in the LST design table.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-1010-lst1010-02
-
[4]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LST-1010 (10/16/161010) - timeline, specifications, campaign table, commanding-officer roster, photo captions (live page verified 2026-10-02; .net domain - navsource.org is dead) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/161010.htm header block, campaign table, timeline, specifications block, photo captions, CO roster
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: laid down 22 Feb 1944 at Bethlehem Steel Co., Quincy, MA ('542-Class Tank Landing Ship'); launched 29 Mar 1944; commissioned USS LST-1010, 25 Apr 1944, LT. R. B. Cook USNR in command. Europe-Africa-Middle East campaign: invasion of southern France 15-16 Aug 1944. Asiatic-Pacific campaign: assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto 30 May - 22 Jun 1945. Assigned to LST Flotilla Thirty-Seven (CAPT. Riley), LST Group One Hundred Nine (CDR. E. W. Wilson USNR), LST Division Two Hundred-Eighteen under LT. Millard L. Fisk USNR. Occupation service in the Far East 9 Sep 1945 - 19 Jan 1946. Decommissioned and transferred to the U.S. Army 4 Apr 1947; returned to Navy custody 1 Mar 1950; laid up Pacific Reserve Fleet; transferred to South Korea 22 Mar 1955 as ROKS Un Bong (LST-807); side number changed to LST-671 on 1 Jun 1978; struck from the U.S. Naval Register 15 Nov 1974; decommissioned by the ROK Navy in 2005; on display at Gimpo Marine Park. Two battle stars. Awards shown: American Campaign; EAME (1 star); Asiatic-Pacific (1 star); WWII Victory; Navy Occupation (Asia clasp); Philippine Liberation. Photo captions place the hull at Civitavecchia loading RAF equipment July 1944; Oran staging for the southern-France invasion ~Aug 1944; Portsmouth, VA loading LCT-581 March 1945; Okinawa May-Jun 1945 carrying/sliding off LCT-581; alongside a repair ship in Tokyo Bay 18 Sep 1945 for damage from collision with USS LSM-24; Philippines ~Nov 1945; Guadalcanal beached ~May 1946 or later; ROK service photos (Nahari beaching Mar 1976) and museum photos at Gimpo (2011-2013). Commanding officers: Cook (25 Apr-Nov 1944), Plumer (Nov 1944-Feb 1945), Fisk (Feb 1945-Jan 1946), Brown (Jan-Mar 1946), Taylor (Mar-Jul 1946), West (Jul 1946-4 Apr 1947). Specs: 1,625 t light / 4,080 t full / 2,366 t beaching; 328' oa; 50' beam; 11.6 kts; complement 13 officers / 104 enlisted; troops 16 officers / 147 enlisted; 2 LCVP; 2 x GM 12-567A 900 hp diesels, single Falk main reduction gears, 3 diesel-driven 100 kW 230 V D.C. generators, two propellers 1,700 shp, twin rudders; diesel fuel 4,300 bbls; radio call sign NKOO.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-2013
- Population
- Bethlehem Fore River construction trades (1944); wartime crew (1944-47); U.S. Army crews (1947-50); ROK Navy crews (1955-2006); museum visitors (2010-present)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation - its milestones generally track DANFS/BuShips but the ROK decommissioning year (2005) conflicts with the operator's 28 Dec 2006 (guc.or.kr) and museum registry (28 Dec 2006); complement 13/104 conflicts with a 7/104 variant in secondary sources. Crew-contributed narrative (occupation legs through Jun 1946) extends beyond the official occupation-service window (9 Sep 1945 - 19 Jan 1946). No asbestos content. Portsmouth VA photo caption documents presence, not which yard/availability occurred.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-1010-lst1010-03
-
[5]NHHC, 'United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945' (online reading room, live page verified 2026-10-02) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NHHC Pacific Fleet Organization 1 May 1945, LST Flotilla Thirty-Seven > LST Group 109 > LST Division 218 listing
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official Pacific Fleet organization document of 1 May 1945 lists 'LST 1010' under LST Flotilla Thirty-Seven, LST Group 109, LST Division 218 - independently confirming NavSource's claimed flotilla assignment for this hull during the Okinawa operation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-05-01
- Population
- Crew under LT. M. L. Fisk USNR
- Limitations
- Organization listing only - confirms assignment on 1 May 1945, not actions or material condition. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-1010-lst1010-04
-
[6]Gimpo Urban Corporation (김포도시공사), official Gimpo Marine Park (김포함상공원) facility page - live, verified 2026-10-02; content in Korean [museum_official]
- Locator
- guc.or.kr/facility/park_marinepark.php - 함상공원 소개, 운봉함제원, 운봉함 주요연혁 sections
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The municipal operator's page documents the hull's present status: Gimpo Marine Park was created around 'a landing ship (LST) retired in December 2006 after 62 years guarding the sea' - the first shipboard-theme park in the Seoul metro area. Published timeline for Unbong-ham (LST-671): launched 29 Mar 1944; commissioned 25 Apr 1944; southern-France landing operation Aug 1944; Okinawa landing operation (listed Apr 1945); transferred to the U.S. Army 4 Apr 1947; returned to U.S. Navy (Pacific Fleet) 1 Mar 1950; transferred to the Republic of Korea Navy 22 Mar 1955; deployed to Vietnam Feb 1966; retired 28 Dec 2006. Ship's published particulars: length 99.6 m, beam 15.3 m, height 23 m, light displacement 1,653 t / full 4,080 t, complement 123. Interior fitted as exhibition hall, video hall, promotion hall, and experience spaces (~1,380 m2 usable); free admission; park operational with current-2026 notices including a temporary-closure notice for the Unbong exhibit.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2006-present (page current to 2026)
- Population
- Museum staff and public visitors (2010-present)
- Limitations
- Establishes present-day presence and museum use; operator page contains no asbestos, hazmat, or conversion-survey information - the 2007-2010 museum conversion's material handling is undocumented in public sources. Korean-language page; figures as published by the operator (complement 123 covers ROK-era manning, not the WWII complement).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-1010-lst1010-05
-
[7]NavSource, 'Final Resting Place for U.S. Navy Amphibious Ship LST 1010' by Arthur B. Aregoni (March 2012) - crew-member account + museum verification narrative (live page verified 2026-10-02) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/161010b.htm narrative text
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- First-person veteran account by a 1944-46 crew member (Seaman Art Aregoni), documented and photographed via an on-site visit by Don Abata in Dec 2011: Mediterranean service supported the Italian campaign after the southern-France invasion; the ship returned to the U.S. in late December 1944 and underwent a complete overhaul in January-February 1945 (repainted from Atlantic gray to Pacific camouflage green); transited the Panama Canal, called at San Pedro and Seattle to load troops and equipment, then Pearl Harbor, Eniwetok, Guam, and Saipan en route to Okinawa and Ie Shima; participated in the liberation of the Philippines; occupation duty in Japan with a brief occupation at Inchon, Korea; turned over to the U.S. Army in 1947; returned to the Navy in 1950 'for the Korean Conflict'; transferred to the ROK Navy 1955; Vietnam War service 1966-1972; retired from the Korean navy after 51 years of Korean service (2006); preserved at Gimpo Marine Park on the Han River, mounted in concrete ashore, with the tank deck and crew spaces open as exhibit areas. Campaign medals listed match NavSource's ribbon array.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-2012
- Population
- Crew (1944-46); museum conversion workers and visitors (2007-2011)
- Limitations
- Veteran memoir, not an official record - dates used to corroborate, not replace, DANFS/BuShips milestones; 'for the Korean Conflict' is the memoirist's framing of the 1950 Navy return. Documents alterations made for museum conversion but no material or hazmat detail. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-1010-lst1010-06
-
[8]MuseumShips.us registry entry, ROKS Un Bong (LST-671) / ex-USS LST-1010 (live page, verified 2026-10-02 via rendered fetch; Cloudflare returns 403 to plain HTTP requests) [other_primary]
- Locator
- museumships.us/south-korea/un-bong entry text
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Dedicated museum-ship registry fills ROK-era detail: transferred to the ROK Navy ON LOAN 22 Mar 1955 as Un Bong (LST-807); side number changed to LST-671 on 1 Jun 1978; first Vietnam deployment left Incheon 1 Feb 1966, reaching Cam Ranh 12 Feb 1966, nine transport runs to Nha Trang by 24 Oct 1966 and six further dispatches through Dec 1972 supporting Korean troops' rearguard operations; PURCHASED by the ROKN in 1974 and struck from the U.S. Naval Register 15 Nov 1974 (loan-then-sale sequence explains the 19-year gap between transfer and striking); decommissioned by the ROKN 28 Dec 2006; selected for preservation at Gimpo May 2007; opened to the public 16 Sep 2010 at Gimpo Marine Park; museum address and phone listed.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1955-2010
- Population
- ROKN crews (1955-2006)
- Limitations
- Specialist secondary registry, not an official record - used for the loan/purchase/striking sequence and museum-opening detail corroborated in outline by the operator page (Dec 2006 retirement) and NavSource (15 Nov 1974 striking). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-1010-lst1010-07
-
[9]Era inference built on: BuShips SDB-1945 v2 LST design table (2 x GM 12-567A diesels, 1,700 shp, no boiler entries for the LST groups); NPS 'Role of the LSTs in WW II Amphibious Operations' (builder table); Atlas shipyards.json fore-river-shipyard asbestos-litigation row [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB-1945 v2 pp. 168-169 LST design table; NPS LST.pptx slide 4; shipyards.json ev-fore-river-01
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-driven LST built Feb-Apr 1944 at a Bethlehem Steel yard sits inside the documented asbestos-shipbuilding era. For this type the asbestos-relevant applications are the diesel-era set, not the steam-ship set: GM diesel exhaust lagging and gaskets, engine-room thermal/acoustic insulation, valve packing and machinery gaskets, deck coverings and tile, bulkhead/accommodation insulation, and brake linings on winches and the windlass. BuShips SDB-1945 carries no boiler figures for the LST980-1059 group - no boiler/steam-drum lagging pathway applies. The builder yard (Fore River, Quincy) is documented in the Atlas yard registry for asbestos-litigation exposure of a pipefitter's apprentice (1967-70 period).
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-2010
- Population
- Construction trades (Fore River, 1944); engine-room/shipfitter ratings aboard (1944-2006 service); museum conversion crews (2007-10)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for LST-1010. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. The yard's documented litigation postdates this hull's construction by two decades; it documents the yard's asbestos era, not this hull's materials.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-1010-lst1010-08
-
[10]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's construction (1944), U.S. service era (1944-55), and the start of its ROK service. GAO also documented that Navy policy through 1975 removed asbestos insulation only when damaged or required for repairs - consistent with original-era insulation persisting on a hull that saw no U.S.-era modernization.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved this session - gao.gov blocks automated fetches (HTTP 403 pattern previously confirmed); content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-1010-lst1010-09
-
[11]National Park Service, Park History Program, 'Role of the LSTs (Landing Ship Tank) in WW II Amphibious Operations' (Carlos Luna) - ARCHIVED COPY via Wayback 2025-04-17; live nps.gov URL now redirects to a generic page [nps]
- Locator
- LST.pptx slide 4 (builder table), slide 13 (ship's complement), slides 5, 14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NPS staff-ride document's slide 4 lists the wartime LST builder allocation: 'Bethlehem Steel, Quincy, MA - LST 361-382, 1004-1027' - LST-1010 falls in the 1004-1027 block, confirming the Quincy (Fore River) build consistent with DANFS and the BuShips roster. Sister blocks: Bethlehem-Hingham built 906-979 and 1060-1080; Boston Navy Yard built 980-1003 and 1028-1037. Also documents the program scale (over 1,050 LSTs produced during the war; hull-number-only naming) and the standard crew organization table (7 officers + ~104 enlisted ratings itemized).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1945
- Population
- All 17 LST building yards' workforces (context)
- Limitations
- Archived copy cited because the live nps.gov URL redirects to a generic Park History page (verified 2026-10-02) - the document itself is an NPS-hosted educational product, not a per-hull record. Crew table (7 officers) conflicts with NavSource's 13-officer complement - design complement vs wartime-actual, unresolved; logged in gaps. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-1010-lst1010-10
-
[12]Batch-6498 search ledger (this record): DANFS live page; BuShips SDB-1945 v2; NHHC fleet-organization document; NavSource (two pages); Gimpo Urban Corporation official page; museumships.us; NPS LST document via Wayback; CourtListener opinion + docket indexes; MARAD vessel-history DB; NARA catalog; secondary web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-1010-lst1010-01 through -15
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming USS LST-1010 / ROKS Un Bong (LST-807/LST-671) was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener returned 0 opinion hits and 0 docket hits for 'LST-1010' and 0 for the spaced variant 'LST 1010'; the single 'Un Bong'/'Unbong' opinion hit is a 1921 Arizona criminal case (name collision, not vessel-related). MARAD's vessel-history database has no entry for this hull (sibling hulls LST-1001/-1004/-1006/-1016/-1019 etc. are present as stubs). NARA catalog returned no hits under the hull number. Korean-language sweeps for the museum exhibit (석면 = asbestos) surfaced tourism/city pages only - no hazmat content. The only 'asbestos aboard' material surfaced is class-generic law-firm marketing content for LSTs generally - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 hull still extant as a museum ship may retain era materials, and the 2007-10 museum conversion's material handling is undocumented in public sources. Deck logs (RG 24), Fore River work packages, U.S. Army custody records (1947-50), and ROK maintenance records are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-1010-lst1010-11