Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
-
[1]research packet 641-packet.md (2 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (hull identity and type confirmed; key dates unconfirmed) — real identity: USS LST-161
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-161-lst161-pkt-641-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, LST-161 - construction at Evansville, sponsor, USN commissioning/decommissioning, UK transfer, return, striking, and 1948 sale (live NHHC page verified 2026-10-02) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS LST-161 entry, single-paragraph service summary
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 24 July 1942 at Evansville, Ind., by the Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Co.; launched 7 December 1942, sponsored by Mrs. Ashley Fancy; commissioned 28 February 1943. DANFS states the tank landing ship 'never saw active service with the United States Navy': decommissioned 14 March 1943 and transferred to the United Kingdom 15 March 1943. Returned to U.S. Navy custody 5 January 1946; struck from the Navy list 20 March 1946; sold 7 May 1948 to Northern Metals Co., Philadelphia, PA, for scrapping.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- MVB&I construction trades (1942-43); short USN commissioning crew (Feb-Mar 1943)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; DANFS carries no asbestos or material content and no Royal Navy service detail - the RN period (1943-46) is documented by other rows. Disposal note 'sold for scrapping' does not document where breaking occurred or under what material-handling conditions.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-161-lst161-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, LST-161 (10/16/160161.htm) - Royal Navy history block, specification block, photo captions (live page verified 2026-10-02) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 160161.htm header block, 'Royal Navy History' section, Specifications block, photo caption block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource Royal Navy history for this hull: commissioned into the Royal Navy as HM LST-161, 16 March 1943; sailed from New York in convoy USG 8A, 14 May 1943; assigned to the European Theater with participation in the Anzio advanced landings (January-March 1944) and the invasion of Normandy (June 1944), plus 'relief of Norway' with other operations marked uncertain; converted for carriage of rolling stock; refitted in the Clyde area July 1945 for Far East service but not subsequently required; returned to US Naval custody 5 January 1946 at New York. Specification block: 1,625 t light / 4,080 t full load; 328 ft oa; 50 ft beam; 11.6 kt trial; endurance 24,000 mi at 9 kt; complement 7 officers + 104 enlisted, troops 16 officers + 147 enlisted; 4 LCVP; armament 1 x 12-pounder AA multi-barrel mount, 6 x 20mm, 4 x Fast Aerial Mine mounts; propulsion two GM 12-567A 900 hp diesels, single Falk main reduction gear, three 100kW 230V DC ship's-service generators, two propellers 1,700 shp, twin rudders. Photo captions: US personnel and equipment loading HM LST-161 at Termini Imerese, Sicily, mid-1943 (LIFE Magazine / George Rodger); HM LST-161 landing US Army troops at Oslo, Norway, 31 May 1945, as part of Task Force 'A' for the demobilization and handling of 600,000 German soldiers (US Army Signal Corps photo SC 207721, NARA collections).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1948
- Population
- RN/RNR crew (1943-46); embarked troops and POWs carried; Clyde and Devonport refit trades (1944, 1945); Northern Metals shipbreakers (1948)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestone dates track DANFS but campaign attributions (Anzio, Normandy, Norway relief) are summarized without cited primary orders, and the page itself flags 'other operations uncertain.' Contains no asbestos content. The 1948 scrapping predates modern ACM-handling regulation; no hazmat or material record for the breakup was located.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-161-lst161-02
-
[4]uboat.net Allied Warships of WWII, HMS LST 161 (LST 161) - ship record and commanding-officer table (live page verified 2026-10-02) [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship record 12219, data table + 'Commands listed' section
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- uboat.net's Allied Warships record for HMS LST 161: LST (Mk 2) class tank landing ship, pennant LST 161, built by Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Co., Evansville; laid down 24 July 1942, launched 7 December 1942, commissioned (RN) 16 March 1943; 'Returned to the USN on 5 January 1946.' Commanding officers listed: Lt.Cdr. John Fox Clement, RD, RNR (June 1943 - 23 February 1945) and T/A/Lt.Cdr. George Pemberton, RNR (23 February 1945 - 5 January 1946).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- RN/RNR ship's company under two successive commanding officers (Jun 1943-Jan 1946)
- Limitations
- Specialist secondary database maintained to a high citation standard but not a primary registry; corroborates the RN service window and provides named commanders. Contains no asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-161-lst161-03
-
[5]BBC WW2 People's War archive, 'Recollections of the Wartime Navy' by Albert Lister (story A5064798, contributed 14 August 2005) - first-person crew account of LST-161 service (live page verified 2026-10-02) [other_primary]
- Locator
- BBC WW2 People's War story A5064798, paragraphs covering 'posted to Devonport' through 'Queen Mary' repatriation
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- First-person account by Supply Assistant Albert Lister, RNR: posted to LST-161 at Devonport in mid-May 1944 while 'the ship was having a refit' ahead of the invasion of Europe; Portsmouth fitting-out for 6 June 1944; a 5 June sailing aborted by engine trouble, then a successful sailing and landings of troops and equipment at Arromanche; repeated cross-Channel runs with troops and equipment, with return legs carrying wounded (hospital-ship duty) and prisoners of war; conversion to a rolling-stock ship carrying railway wagons to Cherbourg; troop/equipment runs to Oslo and Bergen, Norway, and a call at Antwerp; then Devonport, departing 5 December 1945 and 'sailing into Brooklyn Naval Dockyard' on Christmas Eve 1945, the crew returning home on the troopship Queen Mary in early January 1946.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- May 1944 - January 1946
- Population
- RN crew (memoirist's messmates, Supply Department and ship's company); wounded soldiers and POWs embarked on return legs; Devonport and Clyde refit trades
- Limitations
- Participant memoir contributed ~60 years postwar to a BBC public archive - a genuine first-person source but unedited memory testimony; details (dates, ports) are consistent with NavSource's RN outline and the SC 207721 Oslo photograph but are not independently verified against ship's logs. Contains no asbestos content; the value is documenting the Devonport refit, Channel shuttle, hospital/POW return legs, rolling-stock conversion, and the New York handover.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-161-lst161-04
-
[6]Naval Marine Archive (shipbuildinghistory.com-derived) Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Co., Evansville IN - emergency-yard construction table and yard history (live page verified 2026-10-02) [other_primary]
- Locator
- navalmarinearchive.com MVB&I page, yard-history paragraph + construction table row 5
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Yard roster row for this hull: Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Evansville yard hull number 5 = LST-161, keel laid 7/24/42, launched 12/7/42, delivered 2/28/43 (136 days on the ways, 83 days in water, 219 total days), disposition 'To Britain 1943, sold private 1948.' Yard context: the Evansville shipyard on the Ohio River was built for the war effort, produced 171 LSTs plus LCTs, lighters, and seaplane derricks (Leavenworth KS plant), closed after the war, and was destroyed by fire in 1946.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1945
- Population
- MVB&I Evansville construction trades (1942-43 for this hull; ~170-hull program workforce)
- Limitations
- Yard-production table (Colton-derived compilation), not a government roster - figures corroborate DANFS dates but the roster is secondary. Contains no asbestos content. Yard total '171 LSTs' conflicts slightly with other counts (USI library archive says 167 LSTs) - unresolved figure variant.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-161-lst161-05
-
[7]Era inference built on: NavSource specification block for this hull (GM 12-567A diesel plant, no boilers); lst-1-class class profile (BuShips Ships' Data 1945 v2 design table - diesel plant, no boilers; exposure relevance concentrated in engine-room/exhaust lagging, gaskets, deck coverings, accommodation insulation); GAO HRD-80-2 program context (see ev-07) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 160161.htm specifications; lst-1-class.class.json class_notes and ev-lst-1-class-01 (BuShips SD-1945 v2)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered LST-1-class hull built 1942-43 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard applications aboard an amphibious hull of this type and period were thermal insulation in machinery spaces, engine and exhaust lagging, gaskets, valve packing, deck coverings, and accommodation-area insulation. As a diesel ship she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply, but the confined engine-room and accommodation insulation pathways of the era do.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- MVB&I construction trades (1942-43); RN/RNR crew (1943-46); Devonport/Clyde refit trades (1944-45); Northern Metals shipbreakers (1948)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation schedule, material list, work package, or survey located for LST-161. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. No manufacturer attribution for this hull. The ship's RN refits (Devonport 1944, Clyde 1945) are documented events but their material content is undocumented - UK-yard asbestos practice of the era is era context, not a hull finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-161-lst161-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 highlights (full report PDF blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reviewed the Navy's efforts to protect workers from asbestos exposure and documented the use of asbestos in Navy ships, the cost of removing it, and compensation programs; the Navy's 1975 policy removed/replaced only damaged insulation or insulation disturbed for repairs, modified in 1979 to selectively replace asbestos insulation in high-maintenance areas. This program-level documentation spans this hull's 1942-43 construction era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979 (report); era coverage spans 1940s-1970s
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull - GAO fieldwork yards were Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards. Full-text PDF returned HTTP 403 to automated fetch on 2026-10-02 (confirmed this session); content via product-page description. This hull was scrapped in 1948, decades before the policies described.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-161-lst161-07
-
[9]Batch-6719 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS (live); NavSource 160161.htm (live); uboat.net Allied Warships record (live); BBC WW2 People's War memoir (live); Naval Marine Archive yard table (live); CourtListener API v4 opinion + docket searches; UK National Archives Discovery ADM 53; NIOSH HHE database; NVR; secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-161-lst161-01 through sl-uss-lst-161-lst161-11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming USS LST-161 / HM LST-161 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener opinion search for 'LST-161' returned zero hits (authenticated API v4, 2026-10-02); the docket search returned only string collisions inside OCR'd PACER exhibits of unrelated civil matters - classified as name collision, not qualifying litigation. UK National Archives Discovery returned no digitized ship's log for LST-161 (ADM 53 hull search produced only unrelated records). No Wikipedia article exists for this hull (verified 2026-10-02), and secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - era inference remains plausible but unproven for this hull. USN deck logs for the brief 1943 commission (NARA RG 24) and RN-era logs (UK NA ADM 53) are undigitized leads; the RN service and refit records at Kew are the deepest untapped archive for this hull. The 1948 scrapping has no located hazmat record (pre-regulatory era). Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-161-lst161-08