Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
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[1]research packet 642-packet.md (3 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERDICT: UNVERIFIABLE
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-164-lst164-pkt-642-packet-md
-
[2]Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships (DANFS), 'LST-164' - NHHC live page, verified 2026-10-02 [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS LST-164 entry, complete text
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull, verbatim: 'LST-164 was laid down on 13 August 1942 at Evansville, Ind., by the Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Co.; launched on 5 February 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Lloyd E. Miller; and commissioned on 30 March 1943. The tank landing ship never saw service with the United States Navy. The ship was decommissioned on 5 April 1943 and was transferred to the United Kingdom. She was returned to United States Navy custody on 29 November 1946 and struck from the Navy list on 1 August 1947. On 7 October 1947, she was sold to Tung Hwa Trading Co., of Singapore, and converted to merchant service.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Population
- Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron construction trades 1942-43; brief U.S. commissioning detail; Royal Navy crews 1943-1946
- Limitations
- Authoritative service history; contains no asbestos, insulation, or hazardous-material information. U.S. commissioned service lasted six days (30 March - 5 April 1943) before Royal Navy transfer; DANFS does not cover the ship's British career. Live NHHC page verified via rendered fetch 2026-10-02 (plain curl returns 404 without a browser user-agent - NHHC UA filtering, not link rot).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-164-lst164-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, HM LST-164 (160164) - specification block, Royal Navy chronology, campaign list [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource page 10/16/160164, Specifications block, Royal Navy history, and chronology
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Specification block: 2 General Motors 12-567A diesels (900 hp each), single Falk main reduction gears, 3 diesel-drive 100 kW 230V D.C. ship's service generators, twin propellers 1,700 shp, twin rudders, 11.6 knots trial speed - a diesel plant with no boilers. Complement 13 officers / 104 enlisted; troop accommodations 16 officers / 147 enlisted; endurance 24,000 miles at 9 knots. Chronology: laid down 13 August 1942 at Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Co., Evansville, IN; launched 5 February 1943; commissioned USS LST-164 30 March 1943; decommissioned 5 April 1943 and transferred to the Royal Navy; sailed Halifax for Liverpool in convoy SC 131, 18 May 1943. RN campaigns listed: Sicilian occupation, Salerno landings, West Coast of Italy operations 1944 (Anzio-Nettuno advanced landings), Invasion of Normandy, Malaya; paid off 8 February 1946; returned to U.S. Navy custody 29 November 1946; struck 1 August 1947; sold 7 October 1947 to Tung Hwa Trading Co., Singapore, for conversion to merchant service; final disposition unknown. Page carries one archive photo: HM LST-164 loading at Catania, Sicily, September 1943 (National Army Museum collection).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Population
- Ship's company ~117 per US spec block; embarked troops up to ~163; Royal Navy crews 1943-1946
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled archival page quoting Navy sources; consistent with DANFS where they overlap. Spec data are equipment descriptions only - no asbestos content stated or implied. Internal defect: the chronology line reads 'Commissioned into the Royal Navy as HM LST-163' while the page title, photo caption, and all other sources read HM LST-164 - a transcription typo, see correction row ev-08. RN campaign list is unattributed; consistent with uboat.net's documented convoy participation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-164-lst164-02
-
[4]uboat.net Allied Warships, HMS LST 164 (LST 164), LST (Mk 2) class - Royal Navy service record and commanding officer listing [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/12222.html - ship data table, Commands section, Notable events
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Royal Navy record for this hull: tank landing ship of the LST (Mk 2) class, pennant LST 164, built by Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Co. (Evansville); laid down 13 August 1942, launched 5 February 1943, commissioned into the RN 5 April 1943; end service 8 February 1946 ('decommissioned'); returned to the USN 29 November 1946. Commanding officer listed: W W Hardy, RNR, 23 August 1943 - early 1946. Documented event: convoy KMS 19, assembled off Oversay 26 June 1943 - six LSTs including HMS LST 164 - arrived Bone 9 July 1943 (positioning convoy ahead of the Sicily landings).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- Royal Navy crew, Aug 1943 - early 1946 (Hardy command period)
- Limitations
- Independently maintained research database (Gudmundur Helgason) citing convoy and naval records; consistent with DANFS and NavSource on all overlapping dates. Contains no asbestos or material information. Confirms the RN pendant was LST 164, corroborating the NavSource 'LST-163' typo correction (ev-08).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-164-lst164-03
-
[5]warsailors.com, Convoy SC 131 sailing order and notes (compiled from the convoy commodore's documents; cross-checked against A. Hague's convoy listings) [other_primary]
- Locator
- warsailors.com convoys/sc131.html - sailing table station 24 and Hague comparison note
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Convoy SC 131 document transcription places 'LST 164' in station 24 with general cargo, Halifax to Liverpool, sailing 18 May 1943 - corroborating NavSource's chronology entry for the ship's Atlantic crossing to Royal Navy service. The same page lists LST 15 (station 84), LST 65 (35), LST 198 (55), LST 64 (65), and LST 200 (75).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-05
- Population
- Royal Navy crew during the May 1943 crossing
- Limitations
- Convoy-level primary compilation; confirms the ship's presence in SC 131 but contains no shipboard detail, no material or asbestos information. The Hague cross-check names LST 164 without annotation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-164-lst164-04
-
[6]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 2 (Jan 1945), LST design table and vessel roster (shipscribe.com scan) - consolidated with lst-1-class class profile analysis [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v2 characteristics table (LST1-490 design row) and List of Naval Vessels roster (LST159-165 'Transferred to United Kingdom' annotation)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference for a diesel-powered amphibious ship built at an inland yard (Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron, Evansville) in the peak asbestos year 1942: the official BuShips design table for group LST1-490 lists 2 G.M. Diesel 12-567A engines, 1,700 shaft horsepower, no boilers or steam-plant entries - the steam-lagging pathway does not apply. The SDB v2 roster annotates the LST159-165 block as transferred to the United Kingdom, consistent with this hull's lend-lease disposition. Plausible asbestos applications on this type concentrate in diesel exhaust lagging, engine-room thermal/acoustic insulation, gaskets and packing throughout the engineering spaces, electrical insulation/cable, deck coverings (incl. tank-deck surfaces), accommodation-space insulation, and brake/friction linings on winches and the stern-anchor windlass.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1947+
- Population
- Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron construction trades 1942-43; Royal Navy crews 1943-46; merchant crews post-1947
- Limitations
- Class/era and design inference only - no hull-level material schedule, insulation spec, or survey exists in the public record for this ship; three years of Royal Navy operation, the 1947 merchant conversion in Singapore, and an undocumented subsequent merchant career mean original materials may have been replaced or disturbed. Does not establish presence, absence, or quantity of ACM aboard. URL note: prior batches cited shipscribe.com/styles/usnaux/sdb/SDB1945v2.pdf, which now returns 404 - the live verified URL is shipscribe.com/pubs/SDB1945v2.pdf (200, 16.8 MB PDF, downloaded and text-checked this session).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-164-lst164-05
-
[7]Corn JK, Starr J. 'Historical perspective on asbestos: policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding.' Am J Ind Med 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Am J Ind Med 11(3):359-373 (1987), DOI 10.1002/ajim.4700110311 (Wiley, verified live)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed scholarship documents that WWII-era U.S. shipyards extensively installed asbestos-containing insulation, lagging, and gaskets in naval construction - the era in which this hull was built (1942-43, Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1941-1945 (study scope); applied 1942-1947
- Population
- WWII-era shipyard workers and crews (era context)
- Limitations
- Era-level scholarship only; the source does not name this hull or class and does not establish that any specific material aboard this ship contained asbestos. The diesel plant (no boilers) narrows the exposure-relevant scope relative to steam vessels. Citation correction: batches 105 and 318 cite this paper as 12(4):359-373, DOI 10.1002/ajim.4700120402 - that DOI resolves live (verified 2026-10-02) to a different article (Verschoor, 'Influence of occupational low-level lead exposure on renal parameters,' AJIM 12(4):341-351). The verified Corn & Starr citation is 11(3):359-373, DOI 10.1002/ajim.4700110311, matching the batch-05 John W. Brown record.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-164-lst164-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked to automated fetch)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented the Navy's asbestos-protection program: standing policy (1975) removed asbestos insulation only when damaged or when required for repairs, modified in 1979 toward selective replacement in high-maintenance areas - meaning original-era insulation typically remained in place on active Navy hulls for decades.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review (not this hull)
- Limitations
- Program-level Navy documentation that never governed this hull: she left U.S. Navy custody within six days of commissioning (1943), served the Royal Navy to 1946, and was sold to Singapore merchant service in 1947 - decades before either policy existed. Context for the era fleet picture only. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch); content via the product-page description, which is live and verified this session, consistent with prior batches.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-164-lst164-07
-
[9]NavSource 160164 Royal Navy history line vs. uboat.net ship/12222 and NavSource's own page title - RN pendant-number discrepancy [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 160164 chronology line and page title; uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/12222.html
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Source discrepancy documented: the NavSource chronology line reads 'Commissioned into the Royal Navy as HM LST-163, 5 April 1943,' while the same page's title ('HM LST-164'), its photo caption, and the independent uboat.net RN record (pennant LST 164, former name USS LST 164) all give the British pendant as LST 164. 'HM LST-163' is a transcription typo, not a distinct commissioning name.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943
- Limitations
- Resolved by weight of sources (NavSource title/caption + uboat.net + DANFS transfer sequence) - the RN pendant is LST 164. No asbestos content in any of these sources.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-164-lst164-08
-
[10]Batch-6722 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS live page; NavSource 160164; uboat.net HMS LST 164; warsailors SC 131; NVR (disposed pre-1987, not listed); MARAD ShipHistory ShipList keyword search (no result); CourtListener API v4 opinion sweeps x3 (zero hits); RECAP docket sweep attempted (fleet pacing budget spent); litigation/marketing web sweep (zero hits) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-164-lst164-01 through sl-uss-lst-164-lst164-15
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming LST-164 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener opinion index returned zero hits for '"LST-164"', '"LST 164"', and '"USS LST-164"' (authenticated API v4, verified 2026-10-02). A RECAP docket sweep was attempted but the fleet pacing budget was spent this session - coverage is incomplete at the docket level and is logged honestly in sl-10. A litigation/marketing web sweep returned no qualifying results at all (not even law-firm listicles naming this hull).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1942-built hull is era-consistent with era-standard ACM applications, but the ship's Royal Navy and undocumented merchant careers are material-history blind spots. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility. Docket-level coverage is incomplete pending a rerun of the paced RECAP query.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-164-lst164-09
-
[11]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 19 (Bureau of Ships contract/specification files), RG 24 (Navy deck logs); UK National Archives ADM series (Royal Navy ship's logs and lend-lease records); U.S. Maritime Commission ship-sale records - record-group mapping only [other_primary]
- Locator
- archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/019.html and .../groups/024.html; UK National Archives ADM 53 (discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk); MC sale files per shipscribe.com sources notes
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - require research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): NARA RG 19 BuShips contract and specification files cover the LST program and may hold the Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron outfitting/insulation specifications for the LST157-180 block; RG 24 deck logs would cover only the six-day U.S. commission period (30 March - 5 April 1943); UK National Archives ADM 53 series ship's logs would cover the ship's actual wartime employment under the White Ensign (1943-1946) including the Malaya campaign; U.S. Maritime Commission sale-file records (and Singapore merchant registry) are the lead for the 1947 Tung Hwa Trading transaction and the ship's undocumented merchant fate.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1947+ records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-164-lst164-10