Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
-
[1]research packet 642-packet.md (3 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERDICT: UNVERIFIABLE
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-165-lst165-pkt-642-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, LST-165 (live NHHC page verified 2026-10-02) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS LST-165 entry (single-paragraph entry)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 7 September 1942 at Evansville, Ind., by the Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Co.; launched 2 February 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Frank Harrison; commissioned 3 April 1943. 'The tank landing ship never saw service with the United States Navy. The ship was decommissioned on 6 April 1943 and transferred to the United Kingdom. She was returned to United States Navy custody on 20 March 1946 and struck from the Navy list on 5 June 1946. LST-165 was sold to the Northern Metals Co., of Philadelphia, Pa., for scrapping.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- MVB&I Evansville construction trades (1942-43); USN commissioning detail (3-6 Apr 1943)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; no asbestos or material content. DANFS does not state the scrapping date or completion - the 1947 scrapping date comes from the Naval Marine Archive yard table (ev-07). No wartime service detail in the DANFS entry (RN employment comes from NavSource/uboat.net rows).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-165-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, HM LST-165 (LST-1 Class Tank Landing Ship) - designation timeline, RN service notes, photo captions, specifications (live page verified 2026-10-02; last updated 1 March 2019) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/160165.htm header chronology, 'Royal Navy History' block, specifications block, and four photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline and captions for this hull: laid down 7 Sep 1942 at Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Co., Evansville, IN; launched 2 Feb 1943; commissioned 3 Apr 1943; decommissioned 6 Apr 1943; transferred to the Royal Navy under the Lend-Lease Act and commissioned into the RN 7 Apr 1943 (body text misprints 'HM LST-163' - see limitations). Sailed from New York in convoy UGS 8A on 14 May 1943; 'participated in the relief of Norway'; returned to US Navy custody at New York 20 Mar 1946; struck from the Naval Register 5 Jun 1946; sold for scrapping to Northern Metals Co., Philadelphia, PA. Photo captions document: HM LST-165 beached at the Normandy beachhead with USS LST-208 behind, British troops removing disabled tanks, circa June 1944; unloading German prisoners of war at Gosport, England - 'Between 12 June 1944 and 31 August 1944 LST-165 transported 1,986 German Prisoners of War from Normandy to Gosport' (photo credited to the Canadian Forces Joint Imagery Centre); in convoy in the North Sea arriving at Ostend, Belgium, 18 Dec 1945; and en route Dover to Ostend on 18 Dec 1945 carrying troops and equipment of the Belgian Fifth Infantry Brigade.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- MVB&I construction trades (1942-43); RN crew and embarked personnel (1943-46); German POWs transported (Jun-Aug 1944); Belgian 5th Infantry Brigade troops (Dec 1945)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestone dates track DANFS/NVR but the page body misprints her RN commissioning name as 'HM LST-163' (headline, photos, and uboat.net all confirm LST-165 - flagged as a typo, not propagated). 'Relief of Norway' is asserted without a source citation. Photo captions are primary-artifact descriptions; the Normandy-beach and Gosport captions are credited to named contributors. Spec block is class-generic LST-1 data. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-165-02
-
[4]uboat.net Allied Warships: HMS LST 165 (LST 165), LST (Mk 2) class - build data, RN commission date, commanding-officer list; plus uboat.net Allied Commanders decorations listing for T/A/Lt.Cdr. D. M. McFarlane RNR [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship page 12223 (build/commission/command table); uboat.net/allies/commanders/decorations/32.html (MID entry, McFarlane, 1 Aug 1944)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- uboat.net's Allied Warships entry for this hull: HMS LST 165, ex-USS LST 165, built by Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Co. (Evansville, Indiana); laid down 7 Sep 1942; launched 2 Feb 1943; commissioned into the Royal Navy 7 Apr 1943; returned to the USN 20 March 1946. Wartime commanding officers listed: T/A/Lt.Cdr. Douglas McNeil McFarlane, RNR (Jun 1943 - mid 1945); T/Lt. Noel Patrick Morrison, RNR (mid 1945 - 17 Sep 1945); T/Lt. John Francis William Fletcher, RNR (17 Sep 1945 - 4 Dec 1945). The allied-commanders decorations page lists McFarlane as Mentioned in Despatches, 1 Aug 1944, while commanding HMS LST 165 - consistent with her documented Normandy employment.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- RN crew (1943-46)
- Limitations
- uboat.net is a specialist volunteer database (Helgason Allied Warships), secondary not primary - values corroborate DANFS/NavSource rather than adding independent authority. MID listing corroborates wartime activity but does not itself state the action for which McFarlane was cited. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-165-03
-
[5]uboat.net, HMS Penelope (97) loss record (U-410, 18 Feb 1944); corroborated by Don Kindell, 'British and Other Navies in World War 2 Day-by-Day: Naval Events 1944' (naval-history.net) [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net/allies/merchants/ship/3190.html 'Notes on event' paragraph; naval-history.net xDKWW2-4400-60ALL.htm, February 1944, Friday 18 February entry
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- On 18 February 1944 the unescorted light cruiser HMS Penelope was torpedoed by U-410 35 miles west of Naples while returning from bombarding enemy positions during Operation Shingle (the Anzio landings), and sank; 'The survivors were picked up by HMS LST-165 and HMS LST-430' (uboat.net event notes; 417 dead, 206 survivors). naval-history.net's RN day-by-day independently records: 'Friday, 18 February... Light cruiser PENELOPE... was sunk by U.410 off Anzio... Two hundred and six survivors were rescued by LST.165 and LST.430.' This places the hull in the Mediterranean/Anzio operating area in February 1944, preceding her documented Normandy employment.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-02-18
- Population
- RN crew; 206 rescued HMS Penelope survivors temporarily embarked (Feb 1944)
- Limitations
- Documents the rescue event and the ship's operating area; the record establishes presence, not any material condition aboard. uboat.net and naval-history.net are reputable specialist secondary compilations drawing on official loss records; neither is a primary source. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-165-04
-
[6]National Park Service, 'Places of WWII History in Evansville, IN' (Evansville Shipyard section; American WWII Heritage City article) [nps]
- Locator
- NPS article, 'Evansville Shipyard' section
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NPS documents this hull's builder and its production environment: 'The Navy built Evansville Shipyard on 40 acres of land on the city's west side. Within four months after the plant was first announced in February 1942, the Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Company began production on Evansville Shipyard's first landing ship tank (LST).' By February 1945 the yard had produced 167 LSTs, producing 'one ship every four days in 1944'; workers also built 13 ammunition lighters and 17 oceangoing barges; the last ship launched 12 December 1945; a fire destroyed the yard in January 1946. Evansville was 'the world's largest inland producer of ocean-going ships.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- MVB&I/Evansville Shipyard construction workforce (1942-45)
- Limitations
- Yard-level documentation - the NPS article names the builder and the production program but does not name LST-165 or describe materials aboard any hull. Mass-production pace context only; no asbestos content. Yard is not currently an Atlas shipyards.json entry (see gaps).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-165-05
-
[7]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 2 (Jan 1945), LST machinery/design table (shipscribe.com scan, Google source; moved URL verified live 2026-10-02 - the former /styles/usnaux/sdb/ path now returns 404) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945 v2, LST design-group machinery table (LST1-490 row)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official BuShips design data for this hull's design group: the machinery table lists 'LST1-490' with 2 x 'G. M. Diesel, 12-567A' engines at 1,700 bhp - LST-165 falls inside the LST1-490 group. Diesel plant only; no boilers appear in the LST design data. This is the authoritative basis for the 'diesel, no steam plant' framing that bounds the asbestos-relevant systems list for the class.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945
- Population
- n/a (design document)
- Limitations
- Class design table, not a hull record - documents the standard machinery fit for LST1-490, not what was installed or present aboard hull 165 specifically. OCR text layer of the scanned PDF is imperfect; the engine-model and bhp cells for the LST groups are legible. No asbestos content - the table establishes propulsion type only.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-165-06
-
[8]Naval Marine Archive, 'Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Company, Evansville IN' shipbuilding table (compiled from official wartime construction records) [other_primary]
- Locator
- missourivalley.html yard table, row for pennant 165 (yard hull 9)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The yard's hull-by-hull build table lists Evansville yard hull 9, pennant 165 (this vessel): keel laid 9/7/42, launched 2/2/43, delivered 4/3/43 (148 days on ways, 60 days in water), disposition 'To Britain 1943, scrapped 1947'. The table independently corroborates the DANFS dates and supplies the scrapping year (1947) that DANFS omits. It also documents the yard context: Missouri Valley built 171 LSTs at Evansville plus LCTs, lighters, and seaplane derricks at Leavenworth, KS; the Evansville plant 'was destroyed by fire in 1946.'
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Population
- MVB&I construction trades (1942-43); Northern Metals shipbreakers (1946-47)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation (Naval Marine Archive shipbuilding-history table) - dates corroborate DANFS rather than supersede it. 'Scrapped 1947' is a compilation disposition entry, not a dismantling record. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-165-07
-
[9]Era inference built on: BuShips SDB-1945 v2 LST1-490 design data (ev-06); NavSource class spec block; LST-1-class profile (class-f worktree): diesel plant, no boilers - asbestos-relevant applications for the type are exhaust lagging, gaskets, insulation, deck coverings, brake linings; GAO HRD-80-2 (ev-09) for Navy-wide asbestos-use era [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945 v2 LST machinery table; lst-1-class.class.json class_notes; NavSource spec block
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered LST built 1942-43 at a Navy emergency yard sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era. Era-standard applications aboard a ship of this type were diesel-engine exhaust lagging and gaskets, engine-room thermal and acoustic insulation, valve and flange gaskets, machinery packing, deck coverings and tile, bulkhead and accommodation insulation, and winch/crane brake linings. As a diesel ship she carried no boilers or steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply; the relevant exposures concentrate in machinery spaces, deck coverings, and accommodation insulation.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Population
- MVB&I construction trades (1942-43); USN pre-transfer crew (Apr 1943); RN crew and embarked troops/POWs (1943-46); Northern Metals shipbreakers (1946-47)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation schedule, material list, survey, or work package located for LST-165. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantity; no manufacturer attribution. Does not establish that asbestos was or was not present aboard this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-165-08
-
[10]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 abstract (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reviewed Navy efforts to protect workers from asbestos exposure (fieldwork at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards) and documented the Navy's use of asbestos insulation in ships and its removal/replacement policies - the Navy's 1975 policy removed asbestos insulation only when damaged or required for repair, modified in 1979 to selective replacement in high-maintenance areas. The finding establishes that the Navy's ship asbestos era spans this hull's entire 1942-43 construction.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979 (report); applies to era covering 1942-43 construction
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers (survey era); construction-era shipyard workers generally
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation - not a hull record, and temporally awkward for this hull: LST-165 was scrapped circa 1947, decades before the policies described; the report bounds the era (asbestos insulation aboard Navy ships was standard when she was built) but says nothing about this vessel. Full text not retrieved - gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to direct automated fetch (confirmed 2026-10-02); content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-165-09
-
[11]Batch-6723 search ledger (this record): DANFS live page; NavSource; uboat.net ship and commander pages; naval-history.net day-by-day; NPS Evansville article; BuShips SDB-1945 v2 (shipscribe/pubs); Naval Marine Archive yard table; NARA catalog; NVR coverage check; GAO product page; CourtListener API v4; secondary web sweeps [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-165-01 through sl-uss-lst-165-16
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, material schedule, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming USS LST-165 / HM LST-165 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener returned zero hits for 'LST-165' in both the opinion and docket/RECAP indexes and zero for 'USS LST-165' in opinions; the hull's 3-day U.S. commission and RN wartime custody leave a minimal American litigation footprint. A secondary-web sweep surfaced no hull-specific law-firm or marketing asbestos content for this hull - only generic Navy-ship listicles and an unrelated 2003 COMNAVSURFORINST medical manual.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the hull's construction era and class design are consistent with era-standard asbestos materials. RN-service records (logs, refit files) are at the UK National Archives (Kew) and undigitized; the 1946-47 scrapping produced no located hazmat record. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-165-10