Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
-
[1]research packet xw-packet.md (3 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-21-lst21-pkt-xw-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, 'LST-21' entry (Naval History and Heritage Command) - construction, theater assignment, disposal, battle star (ARCHIVED CAPTURE: live NHHC page returned 404 on 2026-10-02; Wayback capture 2024-05-27) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS LST-21 entry (vol. VII coverage), Wayback capture 2024-05-27
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: 'LST-21 was laid down on 25 September 1942 at Wilmington, Del., by the Dravo Corp.; launched on 18 February 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Lillian M. Lloyd; and commissioned on 14 April 1943. The tank landing ship was assigned to the European theater and participated in the Normandy invasion in June 1944. Upon her return to the United States, the ship was decommissioned on 25 January 1946 and struck from the Navy list on 19 June 1946. She was sold to Louis Feldman, of Flushing, N.Y., on 12 March 1948 and was subsequently scrapped. LST-21 earned one battle star for World War II service.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Dravo Wilmington construction trades (1942-43); commissioned crew (1943-46)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific official history; contains no asbestos or material content. Entry is brief (early-LST DANFS coverage) - omits the Mediterranean/Burma service documented in the USCG ship file (ev-02). Live NHHC page returned 404 on 2026-10-02; archived capture cited and labeled as archived.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-21-01
-
[3]U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office ship file, 'USS LST-21' (compiled from CG Historian's Office LST files, The Coast Guard At War vol. V Transports and Escorts, and DANFS vol. VII) (ARCHIVED CAPTURE: live uscg.mil path returns 403/404; Wayback capture 2017-05-07, 7-page PDF) [other_primary]
- Locator
- USCG Historian's Office ship file LST_21.pdf, 'History' narrative and header block (Wayback capture 2017-05-07)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Detailed wartime service history for this hull from official USCG records: USCG-manned; assigned to LST Flotilla 17, Group 51, Division 101 (flagship). Chesapeake Bay training June-July 1943; departed Little Creek 27 July 1943 as flagship of a 10-LST group in Convoy UGS-31, arrived Oran early August 1943. Mediterranean operations Sept-Oct 1943 (Algiers, Bizerte, Syracuse, Taranto, Crotone, Catania, Barletta) carrying British Eighth Army units - 'the first ship to land tanks on the Adriatic coast' (Manfredonia discharge, arrived Barletta 30 Sept/1 Oct 1943). Detached duty with British Eastern Fleet at Calcutta December 1943: embarked 15th Indian Corps troops and 13 M-3 Lee tanks, beached Regu Beach, Burma, 5 December 1943 - 'the first American vessel to take the offensive in these waters in World War II' - returned Calcutta 8 December. The file then records 'No further reports on LST-21 are available until April 1944' and that 'By February 1944 LST-21 was in England preparing for the invasion of Normandy.' Transferred to British operational control 16 April 1944; Force G, Group 'Able'. Normandy: arrived Gold Beach assault area 1210 on 6 June 1944 towing Rhino ferry F-100; discharged six DUKWs at 1350; near-miss bomb attacks night of 6-7 June with no damage; struck submerged wreck off Jig Green beach 14 June (starboard-shaft vibration; Southampton repair); cross-Channel shuttle runs including railroad-car ferries to French beach railheads through 1944-45. Departed Belfast 11 May 1945 in Convoy ONS-50, arrived Norfolk 31 May 1945; New York availability June-August 1945; Little Creek, Casco Bay, Boston, Hampton Roads; arrived Norfolk 7 January 1946; decommissioned and USCG crew removed 25 January 1946. File also gives: complement 111; troops 163; propulsion '2 x General Motors 12-567 diesels, twin shafts/rudders'; initial armament 7x40mm + 6x20mm + machine guns.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1948
- Population
- USCG crew (~111 ship's company) and embarked troops (163 capacity); Dravo Wilmington construction trades (1942-43)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific official service history; contains no asbestos or material content. Engine listing '12-567' vs NavSource '12-567A' is a minor spec conflict (gaps). The file's own stated gap - 'No further reports on LST-21 are available until April 1944' - leaves the January-March 1944 Calcutta-to-UK transit undocumented in this source; secondary sources route her via Convoys MKS 38/38G with a wolf-pack engagement (U-238 sunk) but that routing rests on the Arnold Hague convoy database and the Moffitt personal log, which were not independently verified this session (convoyweb.org.uk per-convoy tables are frame/JS-rendered) - see gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-21-02
-
[4]U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office, 'Coast Guard Cutters & Coast Guard-Manned Navy Vessels that Participated in the Normandy Invasion, June 6, 1944' (ARCHIVED CAPTURE: live history.uscg.mil page returns 403 to automated fetch on 2026-10-02; Wayback capture 2024-12-06) [other_primary]
- Locator
- USCG Historian's Office D-Day 'Cutters and Vessels' page, LSTs section (Wayback capture 2024-12-06)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official USCG Historian's Office Normandy roster lists LST-21 among the 11 Coast Guard-manned LSTs that participated in the Normandy invasion of 6 June 1944 (with LST-16, LST-17, LST-27, LST-176, LST-261, LST-262, LST-326, LST-327, LST-331, LST-381) - official confirmation of the USCG manning and D-Day presence independently documented in the ship file.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- USCG crew at Normandy (June 1944)
- Limitations
- Roster-level confirmation only; establishes CG manning and Normandy participation, not exposure conditions. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-21-03
-
[5]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LST-21 page 10/16/160021 - milestone timeline, campaign table, specifications, CO list, photo captions citing NARA-held USCG photographs (LIVE page verified 2026-10-02) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/160021.htm header block, Europe-Africa-Middle East campaign table, specifications block, commanding-officer list, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: 'manned by the US Coast Guard during World War II'; laid down 25 September 1942; launched 18 February 1943; commissioned USS LST-21 14 April 1943, LT Charles M. Brookfield USCGR in command; Europe-Africa-Middle East Theater, Invasion of Normandy 6-25 June 1944; decommissioned 25 January 1946; struck from the Naval Register 19 June 1946; sold to Louis Feldman, Flushing NY, 12 March 1948 for scrapping; one battle star. Specifications block: 1,625 t light / 4,080 t full / 2,366 t beaching; 328 ft oa; 50 ft beam; 11.6 kt trial; 24,000 mi at 9 kt; complement 13 officers/104 enlisted; troops 16 officers/147 enlisted; 2 LCVP; propulsion two GM 12-567A 900 hp diesels, single Falk main reduction gear, three diesel-drive 100 kW generators, two propellers 1,700 shp, twin rudders. Photo captions document railroad-car ferry service (Southampton to French beach railheads, June 1944) and NARA-held USCG photography (e.g., US National Archives photo 26-G-4389).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- USCG crew and embarked troops (1943-46)
- Limitations
- Volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestones corroborated here against DANFS and the USCG ship file. Build-location line 'Neville Island, DE' is an error (see ev-09). Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-21-04
-
[6]Era inference built on: BuShips Ships' Data 1945 Vol. 2 official LST design table (shipscribe.com scan); NavSource LST-21 specifications (GM 12-567A diesels, Falk gears); consolidated class/era amphibious-ship construction practice [other_primary]
- Locator
- BuShips SDB1945v2 LST design table; NavSource specifications block; lst-1-class class profile (class-f worktree)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- This hull sits inside the WWII mass-production LST program (LST-1 group, BuShips SD-1945 v2 design grouping; 328 ft oa, 50 ft beam, ~1,700 shp twin-screw GM diesel plant) built 1942-45 - the Navy's documented asbestos-use era. For a diesel-powered LST (no boilers, no steam plant) the era-typical asbestos-relevant applications were: diesel exhaust lagging, engine gaskets and machinery packing, engine-room thermal/acoustic insulation, deck coverings and tile, accommodation-space insulation, and winch/windlass brake linings - insulation products of this era commonly manufactured with asbestos fiber.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Dravo Wilmington construction trades (1942-43); USCG crew (1943-46); repair-yard trades at Southampton/New York availabilities; 1948 shipbreakers
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for LST-21. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity, no manufacturer attribution, no individual-exposure claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-21-05
-
[7]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1942-43) and service era (1943-46). Standing Navy policy removed asbestos insulation only when damaged or required for repairs, modified 1979 to selective replacement in high-maintenance areas.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, standing defect since Batch 01) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-21-06
-
[8]CourtListener API v4 litigation sweep (authenticated, fleet-paced helper): '"LST-21" asbestos' type=o returned count=0 on 2026-10-02; class-level prior sweep found only an incidental reunion-notice mention of LST-579 in Gitto v. A.W. Chesterton Co., S.D.N.Y. 1:07-cv-04771 [court_record]
- Locator
- CourtListener API v4 search endpoint via cl-auth-search.py helper; search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-21-05 through -07
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- No opinion-level litigation hit naming LST-21 in an asbestos context: '"LST-21" asbestos' across the CourtListener opinion index returned zero results (2026-10-02). COVERAGE CAVEAT: docket-level (type=r) sweep '"LST-21"' and opinion sweeps of the alternate strings '"USS LST-21"' and '"LST 21"' could not be completed this session - the fleet-paced helper reported the shared request budget spent (exit 2) on each attempt; logged as blocked rows in search_ledger, not as negative results. Prior class-level sweep (2026-09-16) found no asbestos docket naming any specific LST hull.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Population
- n/a
- Limitations
- The completed opinion sweep is a true negative for the exact string '"LST-21" asbestos'; the docket index and alternate-string sweeps remain open gaps (fleet pacing, not daily-quota exhaustion). RECAP text coverage is also incomplete for hull-number-only vessels. A zero-hit sweep does not establish that no litigation ever named the vessel - state-court and non-indexed filings are outside coverage.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-21-07
-
[9]Batch-6758 search ledger (this record): DANFS via Wayback; USCG Historian's Office ship file via Wayback; USCG Normandy roster via Wayback; NavSource live; CourtListener opinion sweep (1 complete, others blocked); NVR (no entry); NARA catalog (JS-blocked, leads only); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-21-01 through -11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, museum condition report, or completed litigation hit naming USS LST-21 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). The hull was scrapped in 1948 - no preservation-era hazmat record exists to find, and the 1948 breakup predates modern ACM-handling regulation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - era-consistent asbestos use is a reasonable inference, not a ship-proven fact. CourtListener coverage is partial this session (docket sweep blocked). Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-21-08
-
[10]Build-location cross-check: NavSource LST-21 header ('Neville Island, DE') vs DANFS ('Wilmington, Del.') vs USCG Historian's Office ship file ('Wilmington, Delaware') vs Wikipedia infobox ('Wilmington, Delaware') [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/160021.htm laid-down line; DANFS entry; USCG ship file history paragraph 1; Wikipedia USS LST-21 infobox
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION: NavSource's LST-21 page gives the build location as 'Dravo Corp, Neville Island, DE' - an internally inconsistent line, since Neville Island is the location of Dravo's Pittsburgh, PA yard, not a Delaware location. DANFS, the USCG Historian's Office ship file, and secondary sources all place this hull's construction at Dravo's Wilmington, Delaware yard on the Christina River. Wilmington DE carried; the NavSource line is a probable paste error from the Pittsburgh-yard rows that dominate the LST-1-class roster.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942
- Limitations
- Corrects a circulating build-location error, not a material claim. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-21-09
-
[11]Archival leads, unconsolidated: NARA RG 24 deck logs for LST-21 (WWII digitization status unverified - catalog JS-blocked to automated fetch); the ship's wartime 'Report of USS LST-21 to Commander-in-Chief, United States Fleet' (cited by Wikipedia's service history; NARA action-report files); Personal Log of LTJG F.X. Moffitt; NARA-held USCG photographs (e.g., 26-G-4389, 26-G-2370, CG photo 220-8) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA USCG photo series (26-G numbers via NavSource + HyperWar captions); Wikipedia USS LST-21 reference list (COMINCH report; Moffitt log); catalog.archives.gov
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA-held records establish this hull's documentary footprint: USCG photographs of LST-21 at Normandy reside in the National Archives' USCG collection (26-G-4389 unloading railroad cars; 26-G-2370 unloading onto Rhino barge 6 June 1944); the ship's action reports to COMINCH and the Personal Log of LTJG F.X. Moffitt underlie the published service history; RG 24 deck logs exist for the 1943-46 commission period. None of these have been located in digitized public form this session - the catalog is JS-rendered and blocked automated verification.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- Crew and yard trades documented by logs/reports (1943-46)
- Limitations
- Archival leads only: existence of records is established; contents unverified for asbestos-relevant detail (construction materials, availability work packages). catalog.archives.gov JS-rendered - direct NAID verification open.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-21-10