Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
-
[1]research packet 650-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-226-lst226-pkt-650-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS / NHHC, 'LST-226' ship history entry [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS LST-226 entry (verified live 200 2026-10-02; the /content/history/nhhc/ canonical path form currently 404s - cite the /research/ URL)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- LST-226 was laid down 16 April 1943 at Seneca, Ill., by the Chicago Bridge & Iron Co.; launched 14 September 1943, sponsored by Mrs. Matthew Dekreon; commissioned 8 October 1943. Assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific theater: occupation of Kwajalein and Majuro Atolls (January-February 1944); capture and occupation of the southern Palau Islands (September-October 1944). China service November 1945 through May 1946. Decommissioned 8 June 1946; struck from the Navy list 19 June 1946; sold 5 November 1947 to Bosey, Philippines, and converted for merchant service. Earned two battle stars for WWII.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- Ship's company and embarked troops, 1943-1946
- Limitations
- Establishes identity, build data, campaign list, and disposition chain only. Contains no asbestos, material, or survey information; supports no asbestos claim. DANFS prints 'Seneca, III.' - a typographical rendering of Ill. (Illinois).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-226-lst226-01
-
[3]NavSource Online, Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LST-226 page [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource LST-226 page - organization assignment, campaign table, CO roster, specifications, photo captions (verified live via firecrawl 2026-10-02; direct curl returns Mod_Security 406)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Per-hull detail: commissioned 8 October 1943 with LT. Norman Zelenko, USNR, in command; assigned LST Flotilla Thirteen (CAPT. J.G. Sampson USN), LST Group Thirty-Seven (flagship; CDR. R.D. Higgins USNR), LST Division Seventy-Three. China service dated 24 November 1945 - 22 May 1946. Commanding-officer roster lists seven officers, 1943-1946. Specifications: displacement 1,625 t light / 4,080 t full, 328 ft oa, 50 ft beam, 11.6 kt trial, complement 13 officers/104 enlisted plus troops 16 officers/147 enlisted, armament up to 2 twin + 4 single 40mm and 12 single 20mm; propulsion two GM 12-567A diesels (900 hp), single Falk main reduction gear, two propellers 1,700 shp. NARA photos 80-G-33050 and 80-G-33051 (received 28 June 1945) show LST-226 nested alongside LST-851 at a Pacific base; caption notes severe storms during the Peleliu operation carried away her boats and did superficial damage to her superstructure.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- Ship's company (13 officers/104 enlisted design complement) and embarked troops
- Limitations
- NavSource is the standard volunteer-maintained per-hull photo archive - reliable for registry data but not a government publication; campaign/dates corroborate DANFS; photo captions are contributed research. Contains no asbestos or materials information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-226-lst226-02
-
[4]NHHC Online Reading Room, 'United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945' (LST Flotilla Thirteen section) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Pacific Fleet Organization 1 May 1945, LST Flotilla Thirteen > LST Group 37 > LST Division 73 roster (verified live via firecrawl 2026-10-02; direct curl returns 404 on NHHC /content/ paths - CDN-level bot rejection, page renders for real clients)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The NHHC-documented 'United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945' lists 'LST 226 (GF)' in LST Flotilla Thirteen, LST Group Thirty-Seven (ComLSTGrp 37 Capt. N. W. Sears), LST Division Seventy-Three, commanded by Lt. F. D. Meglen (USNR) - the (GF) flag marking the ship as Group 37 flagship as of that date.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-05-01
- Limitations
- Primary organizational document dated 1 May 1945; corroborates the NavSource flagship note (NavSource lists CDR. R.D. Higgins USNR for Group 37 while this document lists Capt. N. W. Sears - different command dates, not necessarily a conflict). Contains no asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-226-lst226-03
-
[5]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. II (NAVSHIPS 250-011, 15 April 1945), LST design table + builder roster (shipscribe.com scan) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v2: LST design table (LST section) and hull-number roster entry 'LST226 (ex-ATL226)' under Chicago Bridge & Iron Co., Seneca, Ill. NOTE: the URL cited by the class profile (shipscribe.com/styles/usnaux/sdb/SDB1945v2.pdf) is now 404 - the live copy is at /pubs/SDB1945v2.pdf (verified 200, 16.8 MB PDF, 2026-10-02)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Bureau of Ships 'Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. II' (NAVSHIPS 250-011, April 15, 1945) roster lists 'LST226 (ex-ATL226)' in the Chicago Bridge & Iron Co., Seneca, Ill., construction block: keel laid 16 Apr 43, launched 14 Sept 43, first commissioned 8 Oct 43. The same volume's LST design table documents the LST1-490 design group: 328 ft overall / 316 ft waterline, 50 ft beam, 2,366 t beaching displacement, 4,080 t full load, 11.6 kt trial speed.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945 (data as published)
- Limitations
- Official BuShips wartime data - corroborates build dates/builder and documents the earlier ATL-226 designation. Contains no asbestos or materials information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-226-lst226-04
-
[6]Consolidated era/design inference - BuShips SDB v2 machinery data (diesel plant, no steam plant) + documented WWII-era ship construction practice [other_primary]
- Locator
- Class technical data (lst-1-class class profile, ev-lst-1-class-03)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference for diesel-powered LSTs: with no boilers aboard, the asbestos-relevant applications for the type are GM diesel exhaust lagging and gaskets, engine-room thermal/acoustic insulation, deck coverings/tile, bulkhead and accommodation insulation, machinery packing, and winch/crane brake linings - materials commonly containing asbestos in 1943 U.S. ship construction.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- Construction trades at Chicago Bridge & Iron, Seneca (1943); ship's engineering crew (1943-1946)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no ship-level asbestos record exists for this hull. Establishes no quantity, no specific product installation aboard LST-226, and no exposure for any individual.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-226-lst226-05
-
[7]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373 (DOI resolves to onlinelibrary.wiley.com - 403 to automated fetch is a bot-block, not a dead link)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and program under which this 1943-built hull was constructed - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in ship construction.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel and does not establish that asbestos was or was not aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-226-lst226-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked to automated fetch, HTTP 403; content via product-page description)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented the Navy's asbestos-protection program: standing policy (1975) removed asbestos insulation only when damaged or required for repairs, modified 1979 to selective replacement in high-maintenance areas - establishing that the Navy documented extensive asbestos insulation use fleet-wide and managed it under those policies.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers (program context)
- Limitations
- Navy-program-level documentation, not ship-specific - and temporally inapplicable to this hull, which was stricken 1946 and sold out of U.S. custody 1947, decades before the 1975/1979 policies documented. Included only to document that the Navy later acknowledged fleet-wide asbestos insulation; establishes nothing about LST-226.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-226-lst226-07
-
[9]FRUS 1947, The Far East: China, Vol. VII, doc. 1013 (Consul at Shanghai Pilcher to Secretary of State, No. 1904, 1 December 1947) [other_primary]
- Locator
- FRUS d1013 text (verified live 200 2026-10-02): 'the Board of Supplies of the Executive Yuan' ... 'General P. Kiang, Chief of Bosey'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A December 1, 1947 Foreign Relations of the United States despatch (Consul at Shanghai to Secretary of State) identifies 'Bosey' as the Board of Supplies of the Executive Yuan - the Chinese government's surplus-property agency, headed by General P. Kiang, handling disposal of U.S. surplus property on Pacific islands under the August 1946 Bulk Sale Agreement, with a Central Bank of China contract concluded November 25, 1947. This identifies the buyer named in LST-226's 5 November 1947 sale 'to Bosey, Philippines' as the Chinese government surplus-property organization operating in the Philippines.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1947
- Limitations
- Explains the identity of the buyer named in DANFS/NavSource disposition lines; the document does not name LST-226 or any vessel and does not itself document the sale - it dates within the same surplus-disposal program window (Nov-Dec 1947). Ship-specific sale fact rests on DANFS, not this source. No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-226-lst226-08
-
[10]Batch-6776 search ledger (this record): DANFS; NavSource; NHHC search + Pacific Fleet org doc; BuShips SDB v2; MARAD ShipHistory; NVR; CourtListener; FRUS [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-226-lst226-01 through -11 (incl. -08b)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed asbestos case naming LST-226 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). MARAD Vessel History Database search returned no LST-226 record (410 'LST' name hits; '226' returns four unrelated hulls). The Naval Vessel Register does not cover the hull (disposed 1947; NVR excludes vessels disposed prior to 1987). CourtListener authenticated searches '"LST-226"' returned zero results in both opinions (type=o) and dockets (type=r); alternate-spelling opinion queries were blocked by fleet rate-pacing this session (see search_ledger).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1943 combat hull is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials, and the hull left U.S. custody in 1947 before any asbestos survey regime existed. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-226-lst226-09
-
[11]NARA record-group mapping: RG 24 (deck logs), RG 80-G photo series (33050/33051), RG 19 (Bureau of Ships); NavSource photo captions [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA RG 24 guide page; NARA photo identifiers via NavSource captions (80-G-33050, 80-G-33051)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - require research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): NARA still photos 80-G-33050 and 80-G-33051 (captioned LST-226 nested alongside LST-851, received 28 June 1945, per NavSource transcription); WWII deck logs for LST-226 in NARA RG 24 (Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel / deck log series); unit war diaries and action reports for LST Flotilla 13/Group 37; BuShips construction/contract records for Chicago Bridge & Iron hulls (RG 19). Ship's post-1947 merchant-registry trail would run through Philippine/Chinese registry records outside U.S. custody.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1947 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-relevant documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-226-lst226-10
-
[12]DANFS / NHHC, 'LST-1091' (Sagadahoc County) ship history entry [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS LST-1091 entry: 'transferred to the Republic of China Navy in October 1958 where she served as Chung Chih (LST-226)' (located via NHHC site search for 'LST-226', 2026-10-02)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Name/hull-number collision documented: after this hull left U.S. custody, the pennant 'LST-226' was reused by the Republic of China Navy - ROCS Chung Chih (NHHC spelling; 'Chung Chin' in secondary sources), the former USS Sagadahoc County (LST-1091), an LST-542-class ship transferred October 1958 and stricken 6 February 1959. Any 'LST-226' reference dated 1958 or later in ROC/Taiwan context is a different hull and must not be conflated with this record.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1958-2011 (collision window)
- Limitations
- Disambiguation row only - prevents record conflation; the ROC ship is a different hull (LST-542 class, built Ambridge PA). No bearing on this hull's asbestos status.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-226-lst226-11