Evidence
14 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-14).
-
[1]research packet 655-packet.md (2 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-28-lst28-pkt-655-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, LST-28 (NHHC live page, verified 2026-10-02) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry, full text (single-paragraph LST-format entry)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: 'LST-28 was laid down on 8 December 1942 at Pittsburgh, Pa., by the Dravo Corp.; launched on 19 April 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Michael Torick; and commissioned on 19 June 1943. During World War II, LST-28 was assigned to the European theater and participated in the following operations: Convoy UGS-36 - April 1944; Invasion of Normandy - June 1944. LST-28 was decommissioned on 16 August 1946 and was struck from the Navy list on 29 October 1946. On 19 May 1948, she was sold to George H. Nutman, of Brooklyn, N.Y., for scrapping. LST-28 earned two battle stars for World War II service.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Crew (1943-1946); construction trades at Dravo (1942-43)
- Limitations
- Milestone-level official entry only; contains no asbestos, material, complement, or machinery content. Does not give the decommissioning place or detail between commissioning and March 1944.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-28-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LST-28 (160028) - timeline, specifications, commanding officers, campaign ribbons (page live 2026-10-02; last updated 10 March 2017) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/160028.htm - header block, awards/campaigns table, specifications block, commanding officers table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource page for this hull: LST-1 Class Tank Landing Ship; laid down 8 December 1942 at Dravo Corp., Neville Island, PA; launched 19 April 1943; commissioned USS LST-28, 19 June 1943, LT. William N. Finley Jr. USNR in command; assigned to the Europe-Africa-Middle East Theater; campaigns - Convoy UGS-36, 1 April 1944 and Invasion of Normandy, 6 to 25 June 1944; decommissioned 16 August 1946; struck from the Naval Register 29 October 1946; sold for scrapping 19 May 1948 to George H. Nutman, Brooklyn, N.Y.; two battle stars; ribbons shown: American Campaign Medal, Europe-Africa-Middle East Campaign Medal (2), World War II Victory Medal. Commanding officers: LT. William N. Finley Jr. USNR (19 Jun 1943 - Jun 1944); LT. Bryan D. Quirk USNR (Jun 1944 - Sep 1945); LT. Gregory P. Molitor USNR (Sep 1945 - 8 Jan 1946); LTjg. John Eugene Wood USNR (8 Jan - May 1946); LTjg. Noel Morris Harris Jr. USN (May - 16 Aug 1946). Spec block: displacement 1,625 t light / 4,080 t full (sea-going draft w/1675-ton load) / 2,366 t beaching; 328 ft o.a.; beam 50 ft; speed 11.6 kt (trial); endurance 24,000 mi at 9 kt displacing 3,960 t; complement 13 officers + 104 enlisted; troops 16 officers + 147 enlisted; boats 2 LCVP; ultimate armament 2 twin 40 mm w/Mk.51 directors, 4 single 40 mm, 12 single 20 mm; propulsion two General Motors 12-567A 900 hp diesels, single Falk main reduction gear, three diesel-drive 100 kW 230 V D.C. ship's-service generators, two propellers 1,700 shp, twin rudders; radio call sign NDWJ. Photo set (contributor James Edwards): pierside with YW-107 alongside; loaded for Normandy June 1944; loaded with British troops; crossing the Channel; two crew photos.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Crew (1943-1946); embarked troops and casualties (1944-45)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer-compiled secondary reference, not a primary registry - but every milestone here is corroborated by DANFS and the ship's own NARA war diaries/brief history. Contains no asbestos content. CO table start date for Quirk (June 1944) postdates a war-diary signature page showing Quirk signing as CO on 18 May 1944 - see gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-28-02
-
[4]NARA, 'USS LST-28 - War History' (NAID 77706750), RG 38 'World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories', Roll A2106, microfilm serial 159123 - one-page 'BRIEF HISTORY OF THE U.S.S. LST 28', Enclosure (C) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 77706750, single image (A_2106/0171.jpg), Enclosure (C), serial 159123
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The ship's own compiled brief history (primary document, digitized image read in full): built by the Dravo Shipbuilding Co., of Pittsburgh, Pa.; on completion at Dravo she sailed down the Mississippi River and was outfitted at New Orleans, La., where she was commissioned 19 June 1943; shakedown from New Orleans to Panama City, Fla.; then to Norfolk, Va., where she was stationed nine months in the role of a training ship. Departed Norfolk 14 March 1944 for Bizerte, Tunisia; in Convoy UGS 36 off the coast of Algiers, Algeria on 1 April 1944 she 'participated in an air attack in which one Merchant ship received a direct hit' - her first actual combat; convoy members later awarded a star on their European Theatre of Operations bar. After Bizerte she sailed to Oran, departed about 18 April 1944, arrived Swansea, Wales 1 May 1944; sent to Falmouth, England for extensive training for the Normandy assault. Sailed from Falmouth 6 June 1944 and 'participated in the initial assault on the Normandy Beaches going in on "Omaha Beach"'; from 6 June until sailing for home she made fifty-seven trips across the Channel to the beachhead, Le Havre, Rouen, and the Cherbourg rail run; never hit and never suffered a casualty. Sailed from Plymouth, England 7 June 1945; arrived Norfolk, Va., 22 June 1945.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1945
- Population
- Ship's company (1943-45); embarked Army personnel and casualties
- Limitations
- Ship-compiled retrospective narrative (primary source written aboard) - authoritative for her movements but broad-brush: its 'initial assault' framing vs. the June war diary's 7 June (D+1) arrival off Dog Green Beach is a nuance noted in gaps; 'never suffered a casualty' covers her own crew. No asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-28-03
-
[5]NARA, 'USS LST-28 - War Diary, 3/1/44 to 4/30/44' (NAID 78432376), RG 38, Roll A964, serial 73224, forwarded 18 May 1944, signed by commanding officer B. D. Quirk [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 78432376, images A_0964/0332.jpg-0334.jpg (3 pages)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Primary operational log (3 images read in full). March 1944: 1 Mar returned to Little Creek, Va.; 2 Mar disembarked Officers Training Group at Little Creek, fueled at Craney Island; 5 Mar docked at Navy Yard, Portsmouth, Virginia (Norfolk Naval Shipyard), loaded LCT 551 and two rocket boats; 6-8 Mar loaded ammunition at Pier 4, NOB Norfolk - 350 tons of 40 mm ammunition; 9-13 Mar anchorages 'How' off NOB and Lynnhaven Roads, convoy conference; 14 Mar underway 0930 for Europe (Convoy UGS-36). April 1944: 1 Apr - convoy attacked by enemy planes off Cape Cherchell, North Africa, 0400-0425; 3 Apr tied up at Bizerte; 4-6 Apr - starboard shaft found damaged, divers removed wire cable wrapped around the starboard screw, repairs completed, defueled alongside a tanker; 7 Apr moved to Base des Carriers, LCS(s) removed; 10 Apr docked Berth 25 Karouba, embarked 9 enlisted and 2 officers for transfer to the hospital at Oran; 12 Apr departed Bizerte in company with LSTs 266, 262, 27, 386, 377 and 384 (the '27' entry is complete as written in the log), this ship towing LCT 609; 13-15 Apr tow casualties in heavy seas, LCT damaged the ship's counter while reconnecting; 16 Apr docked at Oran, hospital passengers disembarked; 17-18 Apr loaded French vehicles and embarked French Army personnel; 20 Apr underway; 22 Apr passed Gibraltar outbound at 0100 as part of convoy MKS 46; 23-30 Apr underway for the United Kingdom.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- March-April 1944
- Population
- Ship's company; Officers Training Group (to 2 Mar); French Army troops embarked 18 Apr; hospital-transfer patients
- Limitations
- Operational log - movements, loads, and a documented Norfolk Naval Shipyard docking on 5 March 1944, but no work-order or material detail (docking purpose per the log was loading LCT 551 and two rocket boats). Contains no asbestos or insulation content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-28-04
-
[6]NARA, 'USS LST-28 - War Diary, 6/1-30/44' (NAID 78508693), RG 38, Roll A1037, serial 78127, forwarded 10 July 1944, signed by commanding officer B. D. Quirk [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 78508693, images A_1037/0179.jpg-0181.jpg (3 pages)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Primary operational log of the Normandy month (3 images read in full). 1 Jun: moved to Helford River Hard B near Falmouth, loaded 80 vehicles and 471 Army personnel, ship sealed at King Harry's Buoys. 4 Jun: underway to join convoy, recalled on delay message. 5 Jun: underway to join convoy (typed 'ECl-1' in the log), part of Task Force 126.4, Convoy B-3 under Commander T. W. Greene. 6 Jun: underway for the French coast. 7 Jun: anchored off Dog Green Beach at Vierville-sur-Mer (Omaha Beach area); infantry unloaded via small boats, 311 men and officers; shifted anchorage seaward in the evening due to enemy gun fire. 8 Jun: moved inshore; two LCTs and one Rhino ferry unloaded vehicles - 160 men and officers and 80 vehicles put ashore; sailed in an LST convoy. 9-10 Jun: Weymouth Bay/Portland, 24 casualties aboard including one prisoner of war, sent ashore by LCT. 11 Jun: loaded 55 vehicles, 54 men, 2 officers. 12-13 Jun: convoy ECM P-5 towing a causeway to Omaha Beach; anchored off Easy Red Beach and beached at 1800, 52 vehicles and 53 men ashore. 14-15 Jun: retracted, returned to the U.K. towing LCT 2310. 16-17 Jun: Portland, loaded 64 vehicles and 138 men/officers; convoy ECM-9, beached on Tare Red, Utah Beach. 18 Jun: off Tare Green Beach. 19 Jun: Southampton, loaded 108 British men/officers and 64 vehicles. 22-23 Jun: convoy EWL-14 to Juno Beach, unloaded; five British walking casualties embarked, transferred to a hospital ship off Juno. 24-25 Jun: return convoy toward Southampton/Portsmouth/Thames; 0049 25 Jun collided with the anchored Belgian troop transport Leopoldville in darkness - damage to LST-28 a torn deck and topside plating ~50 sq ft, broken degaussing cables, bent boat davit, wrecked small boat; no serious personnel casualties on either ship. 26-30 Jun: Berth 37, then convoy FBC-13 back to Falmouth.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- June 1944
- Population
- Ship's company; embarked assault troops (471 on 1 Jun; 311 disembarked 7 Jun); casualties evacuated (24 incl. 1 POW on 9 Jun; 5 British on 22 Jun)
- Limitations
- Operational log - establishes the ship beached at Dog Green (Omaha) on 7 June (D+1), so the brief history's 'initial assault' wording is the crew's retrospective framing; campaign credit per DANFS/NavSource covers the Invasion of Normandy period 6-25 June 1944. Contains no asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-28-05
-
[7]NARA, 'LST-28, 6/19/43-6/5/46' (NAID 126614877), RG 24 'Muster Rolls of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Other Naval Activities', Roll 4276, Ancestry scan - 332 digitized images [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 126614877 (catalog page; '332 Images'; partner-series scan, Ancestry file 32861_248085)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Digitized muster-roll set for this hull spanning essentially its entire commissioned life - from commissioning (19 June 1943) to 5 June 1946, 332 images. These rolls document by name the ship's company across her active service - the population-relevant primary record for any individual-service verification tied to this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- All hands who served aboard, 1943-46 (name-level roster)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: the file unit was located and image count verified in the catalog; individual roll pages were not read this session. Muster rolls name personnel and rates; they contain no asbestos, material, or work-assignment detail.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-28-06
-
[8]NHHC photographic collection, 80-G-K-13668 - color photograph of USS LST-28 [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC photo page 80-G-K-13668 (catalog/caption block)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official NHHC photo page: 'Lands an M-4 "Sherman" Tank on the beach at The Amphibious Training Base, Camp Bradford, Virginia, during maneuvers in mid-1943.' - contemporaneous official documentation of this hull during her nine-month Norfolk-area training-ship period (Camp Bradford was the amphibious training base at Little Creek, Va.).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943
- Population
- Crew and trainees aboard, mid-1943
- Limitations
- Photographic record only - documents the hull's presence and training role in mid-1943; no material or asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-28-07
-
[9]Office of Naval Records / Samuel Eliot Morison-era official administrative history, 'History of the Naval Armed Guard Afloat', Ch. VIII 'Six Mediterranean Convoys' - Convoy UGS-36, April 1, 1944 (HyperWar transcription at ibiblio.org) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Ch. VIII, 'Convoy UGS-36, April 1, 1944' section (pp. 148-149 of the printed work)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The official Navy administrative history of the convoy battle LST-28's war diary records: enemy planes (estimated 6-50) attacked UGS-36 between Oran and Algiers about 0400 on 1 April 1944; the merchant ship Jared Ingersoll took a torpedo hit at 0412, was abandoned, then re-boarded, extinguished the fire, and was towed to Algiers and beached - the 'one Merchant ship received a direct hit' of the ship's own brief history; multiple merchantmen claimed aircraft and were hit by fragments and friendly 20 mm fire.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- April 1944
- Population
- Convoy UGS-36 crews and Naval Armed Guard detachments
- Limitations
- Convoy-level official history; does not name LST-28. Corroborates the event for which DANFS credits LST-28 a battle star; no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-28-08
-
[10]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 2 (1 January 1945 edition), LST design table and roster (shipscribe.com scan with text layer; URL verified live 2026-10-02) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v2, LST characteristics/machinery table (LST1-490 group row) and roster
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official BuShips design table (verified directly in the document's text layer this session): the LST1-490 design group - which includes LST-28 - lists 328 ft o.a., 50 ft beam, 2,366 t / 4,080 t displacements, 11.6 kt, and machinery of 2 x 'G.M. Diesel, 12-567A' engines at 1,700 shaft horsepower. The table's 'Number of Boilers' and steam-condition columns are blank for all LST groups - a diesel plant with no boilers. Roster section lists LST16-32 (including LST-28) in the standard-hull block.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945 (edition)
- Population
- n/a
- Limitations
- Class design table, not a hull-specific record; documents the type's machinery as designed, not this hull's as-built insulation or materials. Ships' Data covers machinery and characteristics - it contains no asbestos or insulation schedules.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-28-09
-
[11]GAO, Navy's Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979; released Oct 22, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO HRD-80-2 product page and full report text, transmittal letter and 'NAVY'S POLICY ON USE OF ASBESTOS' section
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented the Navy's asbestos era this hull was built within: per the Navy, 'all ships contain some asbestos in such components as clutches and electric cables,' and thermal insulation 'was the Navy's major use of asbestos aboard ships'; product specifications for thermal insulation were changed to asbestos-free in 1973, the formal elimination policy issued October 1975, and 'some ships were delivered with asbestos insulation as late as May 1978.' A WWII-built diesel amphibious ship delivered June 1943 sits squarely inside the documented asbestos-use era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979 report; covers practices through the 1970s
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; WWII-built fleet (era context)
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation - names no hull and no class; supports era context only. Fieldwork was performed at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards. Full text retrieved this session via rendered fetch; direct fetch of gao.gov is blocked to automated agents (403).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-28-10
-
[12]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications for this hull (two GM 12-567A 900 hp diesels, Falk reduction gear, twin screws, diesel-drive generators); BuShips SDB 1945 v2 LST1-490 design-group row (diesel machinery, no boilers); LST-1-class profile (lst-1-class.class.json) consolidated era application list [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource spec block; SDB1945v2 LST table; class profile era-inference row ev-lst-1-class-03
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- As a diesel-powered landing ship built 1942-43, LST-28 carried no boilers or steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway does not apply. Era-standard asbestos-relevant applications aboard a ship of this type and period: diesel-engine exhaust lagging and exhaust-manifold gaskets; engine-room thermal and acoustic insulation; deck coverings (e.g., deck tile compounds of the period); bulkhead and accommodation-space insulation; winch, windlass, and crane brake linings; electrical cable insulation; gaskets and packing in piping and machinery.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Dravo Neville Island construction trades (1942-43); ship's company and embarked troops (1943-46); scrapping workers at George H. Nutman, Brooklyn (1948)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation schedule, material list, survey, or work package located for LST-28. Names era-standard application categories, not confirmed installed materials aboard this hull; no quantity, no manufacturer attribution. The Dravo Neville Island yard is documented as operating through 1981 (NIOSH survey) but no asbestos-specific yard record was located.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-28-11
-
[13]NIOSH (CDC Stacks index record): 'Industrial hygiene survey report, Dravo Corporation, Engineering Works Division, Neville Island, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania' - Bloom, Dooley, Peguese; survey July 1981, report 1985 [other_primary]
- Locator
- CDC Stacks record cdc/233199, NIOSH-provided abstract
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- The only located government industrial-hygiene record for this hull's builder: NIOSH surveyed the Dravo Neville Island yard in July 1981 - evaluating occupational exposure from painting and coating processes during barge and towboat construction; sampling covered organic/paint solvents, metals (lead over the OSHA standard), and nuisance dust. The survey does not address asbestos, and its scope is 1981 barge work, not 1942-43 LST construction.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1981 survey (38 years after this hull's construction)
- Population
- Dravo Neville Island painters/coaters, 1981
- Limitations
- Yard-level record that does not document asbestos - carried as a searched-source result (negative for asbestos scope), not evidence of yard asbestos conditions. Full text is an index record only ('missing digital file' per Stacks; NTRL print only). A 1981 survey says nothing about 1943 conditions.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-28-12
-
[14]Batch-6817 search ledger (this record): DANFS live page; NavSource 160028; NARA war history NAID 77706750, war diaries NAID 78432376 and 78508693 (read in full), muster rolls NAID 126614877; NHHC photo 80-G-K-13668; Armed Guard official history ch. VIII; BuShips SDB1945v2; GAO HRD-80-2 full text; CDC Stacks Dravo record; CourtListener API v4; Wikipedia + CombinedOps memoir (secondary cross-checks); secondary web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-28-01 through sl-uss-lst-28-13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, material schedule, or verified litigation naming USS LST-28 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener opinion search for exact 'LST-28' returned zero results on 2026-10-02; additional CourtListener variants and the docket index were rate-limited by the shared fleet pacing budget this session - logged as blocked where not run, not as negative results. Secondary web sweeps surfaced only law-firm marketing content (e.g., asbestos-ships.com's Dravo yard page, gpwlaw.com) asserting asbestos generally without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the hull was built inside the Navy's documented asbestos-insulation era and sold for scrapping in 1948, before modern ACM-handling records. Deck logs (RG 24), Dravo work packages, and the 1948 scrapping file are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-28-13