Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
-
[1]research packet 661-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-319-lst319-pkt-661-packet-md
-
[2]Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships (DANFS), 'LST-319' - live NHHC page [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC DANFS LST-319 full entry
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS entry for this hull, verbatim: 'LST-319 was laid down on 10 August 1942 at the Philadelphia Navy Yard; launched on 5 November 1942; and sponsored by Mrs. E. F. Stutzke. On 15 December 1942, LST-319 was transferred to the United Kingdom and returned to United States Navy custody on 17 December 1945. She was struck from the Navy list on 21 January 1946 and sold to the Ships & Power Equipment Corp., Barber, N.J., on 9 March 1948 and converted for merchant service.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Shipyard construction workforce, Philadelphia Navy Yard, 1942; later Royal Navy crew
- Limitations
- Authoritative identity/custody record; terse DANFS entry typical of Lend-Lease hulls that never commissioned in the U.S. Navy - no service narrative, no asbestos, insulation, or hazardous-material information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-319-lst319-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, HM LST-319 / LST-319 - Royal Navy history, specification block (Office of Naval Intelligence 1945), campaign list, chronology [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource page 10/16/160319 - Royal Navy history block, Specifications (ONI-1945), photo caption (beaching trials in icy waters near Philadelphia, late 1942-early 1943, photo credit Robert Hurst)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- LST-1-class tank landing ship; laid down 10 August 1942 at Philadelphia Navy Yard; launched 5 November 1942; 'never saw active service with the United States Navy.' Transferred to the United Kingdom under the Lend-Lease Act and commissioned into the Royal Navy as HM LST-319 on 15 December 1942. Sailed Halifax for Liverpool 31 March 1943 in convoy SC 125 with USS LST-336 and HM LST-406; then Scotland to the Mediterranean in convoy KMS 18A. Campaigns listed: Sicilian occupation; Salerno landings; West Coast of Italy operations 1944 (Anzio-Nettuno advanced landings); invasion of Normandy; shuttle service between Tilbury, Ostend and Antwerp; collided with a pier at Ostend early October 1944; assisted in the relief of Norway. Believed to have loaded HM LCT-2228 at Liverpool for return to U.S. Navy custody. Paid off and returned to U.S. Navy custody 17 December 1945 at New York City. Struck from the Naval Register 21 January 1946. Sold 9 March 1948 to Ships and Power Equipment Corp., Barber, N.J.; resold in 1948 to Shell Oil Co.; rebuilt as a shallow-draft tanker for Shell's movement of crude oil from the Lake Maracaibo fields to the Aruba and Curacao refineries; named MT Lucia and reflagged Venezuela; scrapped 1957 at Ghent, Belgium. Specification block (as reported by ONI 1945): 328 ft o.a., 50 ft beam, 11.6 kt trial, endurance 24,000 miles at 9 kt; complement 13 officers / 106 enlisted, troop accommodations 16 officers / 147 enlisted; 4 LCVP; armament one 12-pounder AA multi-barrel mount, six 20mm mounts, four Fast Aerial Mine mounts; propulsion two General Motors 12-567A 900hp diesels, Falk single main reduction gears, one diesel-drive 100 kW 240V D.C. ship's service generator, two propellers 1,700 shp, twin rudders - a diesel plant with no boilers.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1957
- Population
- Royal Navy ship's company (wartime, ~13 officers/106 enlisted per spec); embarked troops up to ~163; later merchant crews
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled archival page quoting Navy sources; consistent with DANFS where they overlap and far more detailed on Royal Navy service. Spec data are equipment descriptions only - no asbestos content stated or implied. Resale named 'Shell Oil Co.' where the MARAD status card reads 'Caribbean Petroleum Co.' - both describe the Venezuelan-flagged MT Lucia conversion (see correction row). Campaign list is uncaptioned summary; the SC 125 roster carries a documented LST-319/LST-321 ambiguity in the underlying convoy database.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-319-lst319-02
-
[4]MARAD Vessel History Database, LST-319 detail page (ID 9336) including U.S. Maritime Commission Vessel Status Card scan (cards/469_01.png) [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- MARAD Vessel History Database, ShipHistory/Detail/9336; status card image https://vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/cards/469_01.png
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The U.S. Maritime Commission vessel status card for LST 319 records the disposition as a government transaction: 'Surplus - Department of Navy'; allocation basis 'SP Act 1946' (Surplus Property Act of 1946); operator Ships & Power Equipment Corp.; form of agreement 'Pur.' (purchase); delivered 3/9/48. Handwritten annotations: 'Resold ... to Caribbean Petroleum Co', 'Transferred to Venezuelan Flag', 'Renamed "LUCIA"'. The MARAD detail page carries fate 'Sold - No Further Info' and no narrative.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1946-1948
- Population
- n/a
- Limitations
- Primary government disposition record but terse - the card names 'Caribbean Petroleum Co.' where NavSource names 'Shell Oil Co.'; resolved: Caribbean Petroleum Co. was a Royal Dutch Shell group member from 1916 and was renamed Shell Caribbean Petroleum Company in 1948, the resale year (University of Houston Libraries finding aid, LOC Name Authority basis). No construction, material, or asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-319-lst319-03
-
[5]uboat.net Allied Warships, 'HMS LST 319 (LST 319)' - Royal Navy warship record with commanding-officer roster and convoy event entries [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship/12254 - warship record, Commands table, Notable events (KMS 18A / KMS 18B / KMF 18)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- uboat.net's Royal Navy record for HMS LST 319 (LST (Mk 2) class, pennant LST 319; 'Former name USS LST 319'): built by Philadelphia Navy Yard; laid down 10 Aug 1942; launched 5 Nov 1942; commissioned 15 Dec 1942; end service 17 Dec 1945 ('Decommissioned and returned to the USN on 17 December 1945'). Wartime commanding officers: Cdr. (retired) John Gilbert Sutton, RN (April 1943 - 13 July 1944); T/A/Lt.Cdr. James Ritchie Ballentyne Campbell, RNR (13 July 1944 - 17 December 1945). Convoy event entries document LST 319 in KMS 18A (departed Clyde 20 June 1943, arrived Gibraltar 29 June 1943 - eight LSTs including LST-301, -305, -319, -321, -365, -366, -406, -424), joining KMS 18B and merging into convoy KMF 18, arriving off Sicily in the early hours of 10 July 1943 - the Operation Husky assault convoy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1945
- Population
- Royal Navy crew under Cdr. J.G. Sutton RN and T/A/Lt.Cdr. J.R.B. Campbell RNR
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled naval-history database built on published convoy records (Hague database) and Admiralty records; consistent with NavSource and DANFS on dates. Documents movements and command, not shipboard materials - no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-319-lst319-04
-
[6]warsailors.com convoy database, 'Convoy SC 125' cruising order (A. Hague-derived) [other_primary]
- Locator
- warsailors.com/convoys/sc125.html - cruising order table and Hague annotation note
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The convoy database entry for SC 125 records the convoy departing Halifax 31 March 1943 and arriving Liverpool 15 April 1943; Arnold Hague's underlying listing places 'LST 319 in station 34' (the cruising-order table carries LST 321 in station 13, and the page notes the LST 319/LST 321 station ambiguity alongside LST 406 at station 24 and LST 336 at station 104). Corroborates NavSource's account of HM LST-319's Atlantic crossing in company with USS LST-336 and HM LST-406.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943
- Population
- Convoy crews (wartime Atlantic crossing)
- Limitations
- Corroborative convoy documentation; the source itself flags the LST-319-vs-LST-321 roster ambiguity - carried as supporting context for the crossing, not as independent confirmation of a specific station. No asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-319-lst319-05
-
[7]Taylor v. Celotex Corp., 393 Pa. Super. 566, 574 A.2d 1084 (1990) (with Junge v. Garlock, Inc., 427 Pa. Super. 592 (1993) and Gross v. Johns-Manville Corp., 410 Pa. Super. 486 (1991) as companion Philadelphia Naval Shipyard product-identification opinions) [court_record]
- Locator
- 393 Pa. Super. 566 slip opinion (Justia); yard product mapping via shipyard-exposure-map shipyards.json entry philadelphia-naval-shipyard
- Finding type
- litigation_product_id
- Finding
- Published Pennsylvania Superior Court opinion documents occupational asbestos exposure in the yard that built this hull: William Taylor claimed injury from approximately forty years of asbestos exposure in shipbuilding at the New York Shipyard (Camden, N.J.) and the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard; co-worker testimony established he had been aboard specific ships and submarines when the appellants' asbestos products were present, which the court held sufficient proof of product-specific causation. A jury awarded $800,000 compensatory and $100,000 consortium damages; on appeal the judgment was molded under New Jersey comparative-negligence law to $220,000 and $27,500 and affirmed as modified. The companion PNSY opinions (Junge; Gross) identify additional named asbestos products at the yard, including materials described in the Atlas yard dataset as used 'throughout the shipyard and on ships' across 1941-1974 - a span covering this hull's 1942 construction.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1941-1974 (exposure period); 1990 (opinion)
- Population
- Philadelphia Naval Shipyard workers (construction/oversight of this hull, 1942; litigation-era workforce 1940s-1980s)
- Limitations
- Builder-yard-level litigation record: documents asbestos products and conditions at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard in litigation of later decades, not materials aboard this specific hull. Taylor's documented exposure spanned both Camden and Philadelphia yards; no product is tied to LST-319's construction. A trial verdict affirmed as modified - merits-stage record for the yard, not the vessel.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-319-lst319-06
-
[8]Corn JK, Starr J. 'Historical perspective on asbestos: policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding.' Am J Ind Med 12(4):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Am J Ind Med 12(4):359-373 (1987), DOI 10.1002/ajim.4700120402
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed scholarship documents that WWII-era U.S. shipyards extensively installed asbestos-containing insulation, lagging, and gaskets in naval construction - the era in which this hull was built (1942, Philadelphia Navy Yard). For a diesel-powered LST-1-class hull with no boilers, the era-relevant applications concentrate in diesel exhaust lagging, engine-room thermal and acoustic insulation, gaskets and packing, deck coverings, accommodation insulation, and winch/crane brake linings; the 1948 merchant rebuild to tanker MT Lucia and the 1957 Ghent scrapping are undocumented disturbance events.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1941-1945 (study scope); applied 1942-1957
- Population
- WWII-era shipyard workers (Philadelphia Navy Yard, 1942); Royal Navy wartime crew; 1948 conversion yard crews; 1957 Ghent scrapping crews (era context)
- Limitations
- Era-level scholarship plus class/type inference; the source does not name this hull or class and does not establish that any specific material aboard this ship contained asbestos. No ship-specific product is verified; the diesel plant (no boilers) narrows the exposure-relevant scope relative to steam vessels.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-319-lst319-07
-
[9]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - the fleet practice of the era in which this hull was built. The Navy's documented 1975/1979 asbestos-management policies postdate this hull's entire U.S. custody (returned 17 December 1945, struck 21 January 1946, sold 1948); no policy application to this hull exists or is claimed.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979 (report); era context 1940s-1970s
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review (not this hull)
- Limitations
- Program-level Navy documentation; establishes era practice only. This hull had left U.S. Navy custody more than two decades before the surveyed policies - the row documents construction-era context, not any remediation event aboard. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403); content via product-page description, consistent with prior batches.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-319-lst319-08
-
[10]Batch-6856 search ledger (this record): live NHHC DANFS; NavSource 160319; uboat.net 12254; warsailors SC 125; MARAD Vessel History Database 9336 + status card; NVR; NARA catalog; OSHA; CourtListener API v4; shipyards.json cross-check [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-319-lst319-01 through sl-uss-lst-319-lst319-17
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed asbestos case naming LST-319, HM LST-319, or MT Lucia was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener queries across the hull's designations returned zero hits on all completed searches - opinions for "USS LST-319", "LST-319", "LST 319", "HMS LST-319", and "LST-319"+asbestos, and dockets for "LST-319"; two remaining subset queries were pending at commit under fleet pacing (sl-10b).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1942-built LST is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials, and her Royal Navy service (1942-1945), 1948 merchant rebuild, and 1957 scrapping are periods with no hazmat record located. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-319-lst319-09
-
[11]Internal source-conflict review: MARAD vessel status card vs NavSource disposition text; warsailors SC 125 cruising-order annotation [other_primary]
- Locator
- MARAD card 469_01.png; NavSource 160319 disposition block; warsailors.com/convoys/sc125.html annotation
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION (source precision, resolved): NavSource's disposition line says the hull was 'resold in 1948 to Shell Oil Co.' while the primary MARAD/USMC status card reads 'Resold ... to Caribbean Petroleum Co' with 'Transferred to Venezuelan Flag' and 'Renamed "LUCIA"'. The two readings reconcile: Caribbean Petroleum Co. was a member of the Royal Dutch Shell group from 1916 and was renamed Shell Caribbean Petroleum Company in 1948 - the resale year - per the University of Houston Libraries finding aid (Diccionario biográfico de Venezuela / LOC Name Authority basis), consistent with NavSource's Lake Maracaibo-to-Aruba/Curacao crude-shuttle description. Separately, the SC 125 convoy database notes that Hague's listing carries 'LST 319 in station 34' where the cruising-order table lists LST 321 - a documented roster ambiguity, not a discrepancy in this hull's documented crossing.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943; 1948
- Limitations
- The buyer-naming difference is a reconciliation, not a contradiction - both sources describe the same Shell-group Venezuelan entity, with the card preserving the pre-rename corporate form. The convoy station assignment remains genuinely ambiguous in the source itself (LST 319 vs LST 321).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-319-lst319-10