Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
-
[1]research packet 661-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-320-lst320-pkt-661-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, LST-320 (archived NHHC page; live page 404 on 2026-10-02 - same NHHC link-rot defect as BATCH-01) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS LST-320 entry, full text (2 paragraphs)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull (DANFS, full entry): 'LST-320 was laid down on 10 August 1942 at the Philadelphia Navy Yard; launched on 5 November 1942; and sponsored by Miss Edith Elliott. On 31 December 1942, LST-320 was transferred to the United Kingdom and returned to United States Navy custody on 23 April 1946. She was struck from the Navy list on 19 June 1946. On 4 October 1947, she was sold to the Southern Trading Co., Wilmington, Del., for scrapping.' DANFS titles the entry 'LST-320' without a USS prefix.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Population
- Philadelphia Navy Yard construction trades (Aug-Dec 1942); post-war U.S. Navy custodial handlers (1946-47); Southern Trading Co. shipbreakers (1947)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; no asbestos or material content. Entry is terse: no commissioning statement (consistent with never-USS-commissioned status), no wartime service narrative (her service was Royal Navy), no complement data. Live NHHC URL returned 404 on 2026-10-02; text verified via Wayback capture 2025-04-26.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-320-lst320-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, HM LST-320 (10/16/160320) - RN service narrative, ONI-1945 specification block, wartime photo documentation [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/160320.htm - narrative block, ONI-1945 specifications block, Hurst photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: laid down 10 August 1942 at Philadelphia Navy Yard; launched 5 November 1942; transferred to the United Kingdom under the Lend-Lease Act; commissioned into the Royal Navy as HM LST-320 on 28 December 1942; sailed from New York with the 1st Flotilla 27 January 1943, broke down and returned; sailed 23 February 1943 for the Mediterranean via Bermuda. Campaigns: Sicilian occupation; Salerno landings; West Coast of Italy operations-1944 including Anzio-Nettuno advanced landings; Invasion of Normandy; shuttle service Tilbury-Ostend-Antwerp; Relief of Norway. Paid off and returned to U.S. Navy custody 23 April 1946 at Norfolk, VA; struck from the Naval Register 19 June 1946; sold 4 October 1947 to Southern Trading Co., Wilmington, DE; final disposition fate unknown. Specifications as reported by ONI-1945: displacement 1,625 t lt / 4,080 t fl / 2,366 t beaching; 328 ft o.a.; 50 ft beam; 11.6 kt trial; endurance 24,000 mi @ 9 kt; complement 13 officers / 104 enlisted; troops 16 officers / 147 enlisted; 2 LCVP; UK armament outfit one 12-pdr AA mount, six 20 mm singles, four FAM mounts; propulsion two GM 12-567A diesels 900 hp each, single Falk main reduction gear, three diesel-drive 100 kW 230 V DC ship's-service generators, two propellers 1,700 shp, twin rudders; fuel 4,300 bbl diesel. Photo series (Robert Hurst) documents the ship unloading vehicles/artillery onto Rhino ferries at Normandy June 1944, beached at Sword alongside HM LST-365, embarking wounded for return to England, approaching a Mulberry harbor, and drydocked at Portsmouth, England, summer 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Population
- Philadelphia Navy Yard construction trades (1942); Royal Navy crew (1942-46); embarked troops - up to 16 officers/147 enlisted design capacity; Portsmouth drydock trades (summer 1944)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestone dates generally track NVR/DANFS and its RN block is consistent with uboat.net; RN commission date (28 Dec 1942) conflicts with DANFS transfer date (31 Dec 1942) by three days - see gaps. Page verified live 2026-10-02 at navsource.net (the .org domain is dead - do not cite it). Contains no asbestos content; the summer-1944 Portsmouth drydock is photographic presence, not a work-package record.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-320-lst320-02
-
[4]uboat.net Allied Warships, HMS LST 320 (LST 320) - Royal Navy service record and commanding-officer roster; companion USN record ship/11396.html [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/12255.html (RN page, CO table); ship/11396.html (USN record)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- uboat.net RN page for this hull: tank landing ship, LST (Mk 2) class, built by Philadelphia Navy Yard; laid down 10 Aug 1942; launched 5 Nov 1942; commissioned (RN) 28 Dec 1942; end service 23 Apr 1946 - 'Decommissioned and returned to the USN on 23 April 1946.' Commanding officers listed: T/A/Lt.Cdr. Donald Buckley RNR (2 Jul 1943 - 8 Jul 1944); T/A/Lt.Cdr. John Herbert Edward Haslett RNVR (8 Jul - 4 Dec 1944); T/A/Lt.Cdr. Cedric Victor Brammell DSC RNR (4 Dec 1944 - May 1945); T/A/Lt.Cdr. Raymond Shrimpton RNVR (May - 3 Sep 1945); Lt.Cdr. Harold Coffey RNR (3 Sep 1945 - 23 Apr 1946). The companion USN record (ship/11396) states 'Never commissioned into the United States Navy, transferred to the Royal Navy upon completion. Returned to the USN on 23 April 1946. Sold on 4 October 1947' and reports an order date of 20 May 1942.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- Royal Navy crew under five successive wartime COs (1943-46)
- Limitations
- Specialist secondary reference, not a primary registry - its dates corroborate NavSource/DANFS and its CO roster is its distinguishing contribution; order date (20 May 1942) appears only here among consulted sources - carried, flagged. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-320-lst320-03
-
[5]U.S. National Archives photo 80-G-46817 (NARA 'The Unwritten Record' blog cross-reference via NavSource caption) - LSTs landing supplies on Utah Beach shortly after the 6 June 1944 D-Day assault, with HM LST-320 among the identified hulls [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA photo 80-G-46817 caption via NavSource 10/16/160320.htm; NARA Unwritten Record blog (Jack Lieb newsreel)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA photograph 80-G-46817 (a U.S. Navy photo in NARA collections) shows LSTs landing invasion supplies on Utah Beach shortly after the 6 June 1944 assault; the caption roster identifies, right to left, USS LST-312, HM LST-320, HM LST-321, USS LST-72, USS LST-51(?), HM LST-324, USS LST-311, USS LST-49, USS LST-373, USS LST-47, and two unidentified LSTs, with British bow numbers enclosed in colored blocks. NavSource notes the image is sometimes labeled Omaha Beach but is actually Utah Beach (Jack Lieb newsreel cross-reference). Independently, the Hurst photo series on the same NavSource page documents this hull at Normandy beaches including Sword, June 1944.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-06
- Population
- Crew and embarked beach parties, Normandy assault window (June 1944)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: establishes physical presence at Utah Beach in the Normandy assault window, not work performed. The NARA catalog is JS-rendered and the photo record could not be fetched directly this session - photo number and caption transcribed via NavSource; direct NARA verification open. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-320-lst320-04
-
[6]Era inference built on: ONI-1945 specification block via NavSource (diesel plant - two GM 12-567A diesels, Falk reduction gear, diesel-drive generators; no boilers); LST-1 class profile (class-f/lst-1-class.class.json, BuShips SDB-1945 v2 design grouping); wartime amphibious-hull construction practice [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource ONI-1945 propulsion block; lst-1-class class profile ev-lst-1-class-01/-03
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered LST-1-class tank landing ship built August-December 1942 sits squarely inside the U.S. Navy's documented asbestos-use era (wartime construction, asbestos reserved for shipbuilding). Era-standard asbestos applications aboard a wartime amphibious hull of this type and period were: diesel-engine exhaust lagging, engine-room thermal/acoustic insulation, machinery gaskets and valve/flange packing, deck coverings/tile, bulkhead and accommodation insulation, and brake linings on winches and ground-tackle gear. As a diesel ship she carried no boilers - the boiler/steam-line lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Population
- Philadelphia Navy Yard construction trades (Aug-Dec 1942); RN crew living/working in insulated accommodation and machinery spaces (1942-46); repair/drydock trades incl. Portsmouth summer 1944; 1947 shipbreakers
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation schedule, material list, or work package located for LST-320. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull. The 1944 Portsmouth drydock and any wartime repair availabilities are undocumented for material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-320-lst320-05
-
[7]shipyard-exposure-map shipyards.json, philadelphia-naval-shipyard entry (evidence_tier 3): published Pennsylvania appellate opinions identifying named asbestos products in use at the yard - Taylor v. Celotex Corp., 393 Pa. Super. 566 (1990); Junge v. Garlock, Inc., 427 Pa. Super. 592 (1993); Gross v. Johns-Manville Corp., 410 Pa. Super. 486 (1991); plus Merwitz mesothelioma verdict ($7.25M, 2014, exposure window 1965-70) and OSHA inspection 17999079 (1989, asbestos citations under 29 CFR 1910.1001) [court_record]
- Locator
- shipyards.json philadelphia-naval-shipyard evidence rows ev-philadelphia-naval-shipyard-01, -02, osha-1989-17999079
- Finding type
- litigation_product_id
- Finding
- Yard-level litigation documentation for this hull's builder: published appellate opinions identify named asbestos products in use at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard across a 1941-1984 exposure window - Eagle-Picher Super 60, Onecote cement, Thermasil pipe covering and block, Unibestos, Cary block, Baldwin-Ehret-Hill products, Carey products, Kaylo, Garlock sheet gaskets and packing, Ruberoid, Johns-Manville pipe insulation (shipyards.json normalized product list). The 1941-1984 window covers this hull's August-December 1942 construction at that yard.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1941-1984 (documented window); 1942 construction
- Population
- Philadelphia Naval Shipyard civilian and naval workers, 1941-1984 (construction-era trades 1942 relevant to this hull)
- Limitations
- Yard-level record, not a hull record: the cited opinions document asbestos products at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard generally - LST-320 is not named and no source ties a specific product to this hull. The appellate product identifications are litigation records (worker testimony accepted by courts), not surveys; the Merwitz exposure window (1965-70) postdates this hull's construction. OSHA.gov blocked automated fetch (HTTP 403) this session - the OSHA row is carried via the yard dataset, not re-verified live. Does not establish materials aboard this hull, individual exposure, or quantity.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-320-lst320-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1942) and service era (1942-46, incl. Royal Navy operation of a U.S.-built hull).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-10-02) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-320-lst320-07
-
[9]Batch-6858 search ledger (this record): DANFS (Wayback capture); NavSource live page incl. ONI-1945 block and Hurst/NARA-captioned photography; uboat.net RN record and CO roster; NVR (no entry); NARA catalog lead; GAO product page; shipyards.json yard record; CourtListener API v4; secondary web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-320-lst320-01 through -13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming LST-320 / HM LST-320 / USS LST-320 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener API v4 (authenticated, 2026-10-02): phrase searches '"LST-320"' and '"LST 320"' returned zero opinions; the unquoted 'LST-320' opinion query returned 160 relevance-ranked hits inspected as token noise (no ship reference, no asbestos content); the docket/RECAP query '"LST-320"' returned 2 hits likewise inspected as token noise (RadioShack bankruptcy schedules; Starr v. Bland). Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying litigation naming this hull and no ship-specific law-firm listicle - only generic 'asbestos on WWII Navy ships' marketing content, excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - 1942 wartime construction inside the documented asbestos era is itself consistent with era materials aboard. UK-side records (The National Archives RN logs, Portsmouth drydock papers) and the 1946-47 U.S. custodial/disposal file were not exhaustively searched - open leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-320-lst320-08
-
[10]Designation correction, sourced to DANFS entry title ('LST-320', no USS prefix), NavSource ('HM LST-320'; 'LST-320 was transferred to the United Kingdom for the duration of World War II'), and uboat.net ('Never commissioned into the United States Navy, transferred to the Royal Navy upon completion') [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS entry title and transfer sentence; NavSource RN-history block; uboat.net ship/11396 history line
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION: 'USS LST-320' is a registry-display convention, not a commissioning fact. This hull was never commissioned into the United States Navy: she was transferred to the United Kingdom under the Lend-Lease Act on completion (DANFS transfer date 31 December 1942) and commissioned into the Royal Navy as HM LST-320 on 28 December 1942 (NavSource; uboat.net). Her entire active service (1942-1946: Sicily, Salerno, Anzio-Nettuno, Normandy, Tilbury-Ostend-Antwerp shuttle, Relief of Norway) was Royal Navy. DANFS itself titles the entry 'LST-320' without a USS prefix. U.S. Navy contact with the hull was limited to construction (Philadelphia Navy Yard) and post-war custody/disposal (Norfolk return 23 Apr 1946; struck 19 Jun 1946; sold 4 Oct 1947).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Limitations
- Corrects the conventional 'USS' styling used by the registry and secondary sources (e.g., pt.wikipedia stub 'USS LST-320'); not a material or exposure claim. The three-day ordering anomaly (RN commission 28 Dec vs DANFS transfer 31 Dec 1942) is unresolved - carried in gaps. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-320-lst320-09