Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
-
[1]research packet 661-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-324-lst324-pkt-661-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, LST-324 (NHHC; live page returned 404 on 2026-10-02 - Wayback capture 2025-04-25 cited and labeled archived) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS LST-324 entry (Wayback capture 2025-04-25)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: 'LST-324 was laid down on 10 August 1942 at the Philadelphia Navy Yard; launched on 5 November 1942; and sponsored by Mrs. James A. Boyle. On 23 January 1943, LST-324 was transferred to the United Kingdom and returned to United States Navy custody on 1 June 1946. The tank landing ship was struck from the Navy list on 3 July 1946 and sold to Bosey, Philippines, on 13 February 1948.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Philadelphia Navy Yard construction trades (1942); Royal Navy crew (1943-1946)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific milestone record only; contains no asbestos or material content. DANFS's brief entry predates no part of the record. Live NHHC URL (https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/l/lst-324.html) returned 404 on 2026-10-02 - standing NHHC link-rot defect; the archived Wayback capture is cited here and labeled as archived. Return-to-custody date (1 June 1946) conflicts with NavSource/uboat.net's 4 May 1946 paid-off date - see ev-uss-lst-324-lst324-09 and gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-324-lst324-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, HM LST-324 (page 10/16/160324) - build data, Royal Navy service narrative, campaign list, specifications block (verified live 2026-10-02) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/160324.htm - header block, Royal Navy History narrative, Specifications block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: laid down 10 August 1942 at Philadelphia Navy Yard; launched 5 November 1942; never saw active service with the U.S. Navy - transferred to the United Kingdom under the Lend-Lease Act and commissioned into the Royal Navy as HM LST-324 on 23 January 1943. Sailed from New York 13 March 1943 with HM LST-412 and HM LST-421 carrying refinery equipment to Curacao, thence to Freetown, Sierra Leone. Campaigns per NavSource: Sicilian occupation; Salerno landings; West Coast of Italy operations 1944 (Anzio-Nettuno advanced landings); Invasion of Normandy; shuttle service between Tilbury, Ostend and Antwerp; assisted liberation of the Channel Islands. Reassigned to the Pacific: participated in the invasion of Malaya and repatriated Australian troops to Brisbane. Paid off and returned to the U.S. Navy at Subic Bay, Philippines, 4 May 1946; struck from the Naval Register 3 July 1946; sold 13 February 1948 to Bosey, Philippines - fate unknown. Spec block: 1,625 t light / 4,080 t full load; 328 ft oa, 50 ft beam; 11.6 kt; 13 officers / 104 enlisted; troop accommodations 16 officers / 147 enlisted; 2x GM 12-567A 900-hp diesels, Falk main reduction gears, two propellers (1,700 shp), 3x diesel-driven 100 kW 230 V DC ship's service generators.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Philadelphia Navy Yard construction trades (1942); Royal Navy crew and embarked troops (1943-1946); repatriated Australian POWs/troops (1945)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry; its dates track DANFS on all points except the return-to-custody date (4 May vs DANFS 1 June 1946 - see gaps). Page verified live on navsource.net (navsource.org is dead). Contains no asbestos content. Royal Navy wartime crewing figures are not given.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-324-lst324-02
-
[4]Australian War Memorial collection item C201414 (accession 120488), photograph by Frank Albert Charles Burke: 'SANDAKAN 1945-10-27. NORTH EAST BORNEO FORCE. LOADING TOOLS AND MEDICAL SUPPLIES ONTO LANDING SHIP, TANK (LST) 324.' [museum_official]
- Locator
- AWM collection item C201414 / accession 120488 (verified live 2026-10-02)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official Australian War Memorial photograph documents this hull beached at Sandakan, North Borneo, 27 October 1945, loading tools and medical supplies for the North East Borneo Force - consistent with NavSource's account of her Pacific reassignment and repatriation of Australian troops to Brisbane after the Malaya operation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945
- Population
- RN crew; North East Borneo Force personnel; Australian repatriation population (context)
- Limitations
- Physical-presence documentation only: establishes the hull's location and tasking on 1945-10-27. No asbestos, material, or crew-exposure content. NavSource captions also credit the AWM with the image.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-324-lst324-03
-
[5]U.S. National Archives photo 80-G-46817 (LSTs unloading on a Normandy beach shortly after the 6 June 1944 assault, identifying HM LST-324 among the beached hulls) and the NARA Unwritten Record blog on the Jack Lieb D-Day film (Local Identifier LIEB-JL-1); plus Imperial War Museum photos H 38976 (loading at Gosport, pre-Normandy) and A 17840 (unloading timber at Freetown) - archive numbers transcribed in NavSource photo captions [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA photo 80-G-46817 (via NavSource captions); NARA Unwritten Record blog 2014-06-05 (LIEB-JL-1, verified live); IWM H 38976 and A 17840 (via NavSource captions)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA-held and IWM-held photography places this hull at the Normandy beachhead in June 1944 (photo 80-G-46817 identifies HM LST-324 among LSTs landing invasion supplies), loading at Gosport pre-invasion (IWM H 38976, Knight, War Office official collection), and unloading timber at Freetown, Sierra Leone (IWM A 17840). The Jack Lieb color film (NARA LIEB-JL-1) shows the same hull sequence on the beach - these are physical-presence leads for her wartime movements, not work or material records.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1945
- Population
- RN crew; embarked troops; beach working parties, Normandy (June 1944)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: photographs establish presence, not any material condition or exposure aboard. The NARA catalog page for 80-G-46817 is JS-rendered and could not be independently fetched; photo numbers and identifications are transcribed via NavSource captions. IWM collection search blocked automated fetch (HTTP 403) - the IWM item numbers are carried via NavSource transcription. The beach attribution in the official caption is corrected at ev-uss-lst-324-lst324-10.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-324-lst324-04
-
[6]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. II (NAVSHIPS 250-011, 15 April 1945), Landing Ship Tank table, design group LST1-490 (shipscribe.com scan with text layer, verified live 2026-10-02); NavSource specifications block [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAVSHIPS 250-011 LST table, design group LST1-490 row (pp. 168-169); NavSource 10/16/160324.htm Specifications block
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- The BuShips 1945 design table places this hull in group LST1-490: 328 ft oa x 50 ft beam, 2,366 t beaching / 4,080 t full load, 11.6 kt, propulsion 2x General Motors 12-567A diesels at 1,700 shp on two propellers with Falk reduction gears - a diesel plant with no boilers. Era/design inference: asbestos-relevant applications aboard a diesel-powered LST of this group were diesel-exhaust lagging and gaskets, engine-room thermal/acoustic insulation, deck coverings/tile, bulkhead and accommodation insulation, valve packing, and winch/crane brake linings. The boiler/turbine steam-lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- Philadelphia Navy Yard construction trades (1942); RN crew (1943-1946)
- Limitations
- Class/design inference only - the SDB table is a design document naming no asbestos and no individual hull; it establishes the machinery type, not materials installed aboard LST-324. Application list is era-standard for the type, not hull-proven. No quantity, no product manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-324-lst324-05
-
[7]Taylor v. Celotex Corp., 393 Pa. Super. 566, 574 A.2d 1084 (1990) (Wieand, J.); companion Philadelphia Naval Shipyard product-identification cluster incl. Junge v. Garlock, Inc., 427 Pa. Super. 592 (1993) and Gross v. Johns-Manville Corp., 410 Pa. Super. Ct. 486 (1991) per shipyard-exposure-map yard record [court_record]
- Locator
- Taylor v. Celotex Corp., 393 Pa. Super. 566 (1990), opinion text (filed 7 May 1990; jury verdict 18 Nov 1986); shipyards.json 'philadelphia-naval-shipyard' product list
- Finding type
- litigation_product_id
- Finding
- Appellate litigation documents asbestos exposure at this hull's builder: William Taylor sued in 1980 for asbestosis allegedly caused by approximately forty years of occupational asbestos exposure in the shipbuilding industry at the New York Shipyard (Camden) and the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard - a career window spanning this hull's 1942 construction. He testified to constant exposure to asbestos dust on the various ships and submarines on which he worked; a jury returned a verdict on 18 November 1986 against Celotex Corp., Eagle-Picher Industries, Keene Corp., Owens-Illinois, and Pittsburgh Corning. The Superior Court opinion addresses the sufficiency of product identification for the remaining appellants, and the yard's documented product cluster includes named asbestos insulations and gasket/packing products.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1940-1980 (exposure); 1986-1990 (litigation)
- Population
- Philadelphia Naval Shipyard construction and repair trades (career window ~1940-1980)
- Limitations
- Yard-level litigation record, not a hull record: neither LST-324 nor any specific vessel is the subject; Taylor worked 'various ships and submarines' at both yards without product-level attribution surviving the appeal for all defendants. Documents that asbestos products were in use at the builder yard during a window covering 1942 - it does not establish asbestos content of this hull. Justia URL returned HTTP 403 to automated fetch on 2026-10-02 (access gap); opinion text verified via live search-result full-text excerpts and secondary mirrors (vLex, midpage, plainsite).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-324-lst324-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - the era covering this hull's 1942 construction and wartime service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull or to Philadelphia Navy Yard. Full text not retrieved - gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch (confirmed again 2026-10-02); content via product-page description. Standing access gap noted in prior batch reports.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-324-lst324-07
-
[9]Batch-6862 search ledger (this record): DANFS via Wayback; NavSource; AWM collection; NARA Unwritten Record blog; CourtListener API v4 (authenticated, 5 queries); uboat.net cross-check; shipyards.json yard record; secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-324-lst324-01 through -14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming LST-324 was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener API v4 (authenticated): 'LST-324' opinions 0 hits, 'LST-324' dockets 0 hits, 'USS LST-324' opinions 0 hits, 'LST 324' opinions 0 hits, 'LST 324' dockets 0 hits. Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case and no primary asbestos claim for this hull; law-firm listicle content asserting asbestos aboard LSTs generally is excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1942-built U.S. Navy auxiliary of this era is consistent with retained period materials. RN-side sources (UK National Archives ADM files, HMSO records) and the builder's work packages at Philadelphia Navy Yard are undigitized leads not searched. The hull's post-1948 fate is unknown, so no disposal/scrapping hazmat record can exist in located sources. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-324-lst324-08
-
[10]Date cross-check: DANFS LST-324 entry vs NavSource 10/16/160324.htm timeline and uboat.net ship 12259 service record [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS LST-324 entry (Wayback); NavSource 10/16/160324.htm Royal Navy History; uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/12259.html
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION/CONFLICT: the date of return to U.S. Navy custody is reported two ways. NavSource records HM LST-324 'paid off and returned to the US Navy at Subic Bay, Philippines, 4 May 1946' and uboat.net concurs ('decommissioned and returned to the USN on 4 May 1946'). The DANFS entry instead gives 'returned to United States Navy custody on 1 June 1946.' Both dates are carried in the date fields; the discrepancy is unresolved - plausibly RN paying-off/physical handover (4 May) versus administrative custody transfer (1 June), but no source reconciles them.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1946
- Limitations
- Corrects/flags a milestone-date conflict between primary-following sources; not a material claim. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-324-lst324-09
-
[11]NARA photo 80-G-46817 caption (transcribed in NavSource 10/16/160324.htm) vs the NARA Unwritten Record blog on the Jack Lieb D-Day film (LIEB-JL-1) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/160324.htm caption notes for photo 80-G-46817; unwritten-record.blogs.archives.gov 2014-06-05
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION: the NARA-released caption for photo 80-G-46817 (LSTs landing supplies on a Normandy beach shortly after the 6 June 1944 assault, with HM LST-324 among the identified hulls) labels the location 'Omaha Beach.' The NavSource annotation, drawing on the Jack Lieb color film held by NARA (LIEB-JL-1, described in the Archives' Unwritten Record blog), corrects this: the footage shows LSTs 72, 324, 311, 46, 47 on the beach in the same sequence as the still photo - Utah Beach, not Omaha. LST-324's Normandy presence is therefore documented at Utah Beach.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944
- Limitations
- Corrects a beach-attribution error in an official archival caption; the correction itself rests on NavSource's film-comparison annotation (verified against the NARA blog's film description) - reasonable but secondary-sourced. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-324-lst324-10
-
[12]uboat.net Allied Warships, HMS LST 324 (ship 12259) - Royal Navy commanding-officer listing and convoy events (verified live 2026-10-02) [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/12259.html - Commands listed table and Notable events entries
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Secondary compilation from Royal Navy records lists this hull's wartime commanding officers: T/A/Lt.Cdr. Arthur James Bell, RNR (July 1943 - 15 March 1945) and A/Cdr. David Anthony Baily Abdy, RN (15 March 1945 - October 1945). Convoy-event entries place HM LST-324 in combined convoy OS 61 / KMS 35 (December 1943) and parting company off Bizerta 26 December 1943 with HMS Colombo and the Greek LSTs Lemnos, Lesbos and Samos - consistent with the NavSource Mediterranean narrative.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1945
- Population
- RN commanding officers; ship's company under their command (1943-1945)
- Limitations
- Volunteer secondary compilation (like NavSource) built from RN convoy/movement records - not an official registry entry; carried as ship-specific context with partial verification against the primary-following sources (DANFS, NavSource). Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-324-lst324-11