Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
-
[1]research packet 662-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-33-lst33-pkt-662-packet-md
-
[2]NHHC, Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, LST-33 entry (archived Wayback capture of live page, which returns 404 as of 2026-10-02; identical DANFS transcription live at historycentral.com/navy/patrol/5.html) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Archived NHHC DANFS page, capture 2024-05-27 (live URL https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/l/lst-33.html returns 404); transcription mirror https://www.historycentral.com/navy/patrol/5.html verified via firecrawl scrape
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS entry for LST-33: 'laid down on 23 February 1943 at Pittsburgh, Pa., by the Dravo Corp.; launched on 21 June 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Paul J. Walsh; commissioned on 4 August 1943; and transferred to the Greek Navy on 18 August 1943, with which she served through the remainder of World War II. She was sold to the government of Greece in January 1947 and served there as Samos (L-179). She was struck from the Navy list on 23 June 1947.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Limitations
- The entire DANFS entry is a single construction-and-transfer paragraph: no commanding officer, commissioning location, fitting-out, or operational detail for the 14-day US commission is given, and Greek-service specifics are absent beyond 'the remainder of World War II.' No asbestos, materials, or condition content. Establishes identity, dates, transfer, sale, and striking only.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-33-lst33-01
-
[3]NavSource Naval History, Amphibious Photo Archive, Tank Landing Ship LST-33 page (10/16/160033.htm) [other_primary]
- Locator
- LST-33 page - service timeline, specifications block, single Greek-era photograph (HS Samos L179)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource per-hull page for LST-33: laid down 23 February 1943 at Dravo Corp., Neville Island, PA; launched 21 June 1943; 'Transferred (loaned) to the Greece, 18 August 1943, where she served through the remainder of World War II as HS Samos (L179)'; sold to Greece January 1947; struck from the Naval Register 23 June 1947; 'Final Disposition, fate unknown.' Specification block: 328 ft o.a., 50 ft beam, 1,625 t light / 2,366 t / 4,080 t full (sea-going), 11.6 kt trial, complement 13 officers / 104 enlisted, troop accommodations 16 officers / 147 enlisted, 2 LCVP, propulsion 2x GM 12-567A 900 hp diesels, single Falk main reduction gear, three diesel-drive 100 kW 230V D.C. generators, two propellers 1,700 shp, twin rudders, ultimate armament design 2 twin + 4 single 40mm and 12 single 20mm mounts.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1977
- Limitations
- NavSource's timeline omits the 4 August 1943 commissioning recorded by DANFS (the page jumps from launch to loan-transfer) - DANFS is carried as controlling on that point. 'Fate unknown' leaves the post-1977 disposition undocumented here. Volunteer-maintained archive citing official data; no asbestos or materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-33-lst33-02
-
[4]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 2, NAVSHIPS 250-011 (April 13, 1945) - LST roster annotation and LST1-490 design table (shipscribe.com scan) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v2: 'List of Naval Vessels' roster line 'LST33 - Transferred to Greece'; Landing Ship, Tank design table pp. 168-169 (LST1-490 row)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Bureau of Ships 'Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels,' Vol. II (NAVSHIPS 250-011, April 1945) vessel roster annotates 'LST33 - Transferred to Greece,' and the Landing Ship, Tank design table for design group LST1-490 (which includes hull 33) gives: 328 ft overall / 316 ft waterline, 50 ft beam, 2,366 tons light / 3,960 tons trial / 4,080 tons at limiting draft, 11.6 knots, 2 G.M. Diesel 12-567A engines at 1,700 shaft horsepower on 2 propellers, accommodations 13 officers / 106 enlisted, ultimate armament 2 twin + 4 single 40mm AA mounts.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1945
- Population
- Construction trades, Dravo Neville Island (1943); USN commissioning crew (Aug 1943)
- Limitations
- The roster line naming LST33 is ship-specific; the characteristics are official design-group data applying to all hulls in the LST1-490 block, not a survey of this hull. Contains no materials, insulation, or asbestos content. Note: the class-profile file's older shipscribe URL (/styles/usnaux/sdb/SDB1945v2.pdf) now 404s; the /pubs/ URL was verified live 2026-10-02.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-33-lst33-03
-
[5]Hellenic Navy (hellenicnavy.gr), Amphibious Forces' Command - History page (dad_history_en.asp), archived copy (live site now covers only the modern Samos L-174) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Archived Hellenic Navy Amphibious Forces Command history, WWII LST section (capture 2009-03-22)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Hellenic Navy Amphibious Forces' Command official history (English section, archived): the first LSTs received from the U.S. Navy were 'SAMOS' (CO Lt. Cmdr. Lapa), 'LIMNOS,' 'LESVOS,' and 'CHIOS'; the first three sailed from England 28 November 1943 reaching the Mediterranean in mid-December; 'LSTs Samos and Limnos were the initial participants' in the Anzio amphibious operation from 21 January 1944; all three LSTs were active in southern France operations 15 August-12 September 1944; on 15 October 1944 Samos embarked at Poros from Taranto and unloaded at Kalamaki on the fleet's return to Greece.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1945
- Population
- Hellenic Navy crew, Samos L-179 (1943-45 wartime service)
- Limitations
- Official source but summary-level and roughly translated; the page names 'SAMOS' without hull number - attribution to ex-LST-33 rests on the name plus the documented August 1943 Greek transfer cohort (consistent with DANFS, NavSource, and navypedia's L-179 mapping). It does not cover the 1977 decommissioning or final disposition, and contains no asbestos or materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-33-lst33-04
-
[6]Era inference built on: BuShips Ships' Data 1945 LST1-490 propulsion data (diesel, no boilers); Corn & Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' Am. J. Ind. Med. 11(3):359-373 (1987); Dravo Neville Island yard-level litigation record (ev-uss-lst-33-lst33-06) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v2 LST design table (propulsion columns); AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era inference for a diesel-powered 1943 LST: the LST-1 class carried a diesel plant (2x GM 12-567A, no boilers), which removes the boiler/steam-line lagging pathway typical of steam vessels; the era-standard asbestos applications aboard a diesel amphibious hull of this period were engine-room and diesel-exhaust lagging, gaskets, valve packing, accommodation-space insulation, deck coverings, and brake linings on winches and windlass. WWII U.S. naval construction used asbestos extensively for insulation and fireproofing (Corn & Starr, AJIM 1987).
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1977
- Population
- Dravo Neville Island construction trades (Feb-Aug 1943); USN crew Aug 4-18, 1943; Hellenic Navy crew 1943-1977
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for LST-33. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity, no location-specific confirmation, no exposure or causation finding. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-33-lst33-05
-
[7]Christman v. Dravo Corp., 319 Pa. Super. 378, 466 A.2d 209 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1983), CourtListener opinion cluster 1971341 [court_record]
- Locator
- Opinion at *381-*390 (complaint allegations FOURTH/FIFTH; Johns-Manville interrogatory answers); decided Sept. 30, 1983, Popovich, J.
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Christman v. Dravo Corp., 319 Pa. Super. 378, 466 A.2d 209 (Pa. Super. Ct., en banc, filed Sept. 30, 1983): complaint (filed Nov. 7, 1979) alleged the decedent, Jacob F. Christman, worked for Dravo Corporation as a mechanic/welder at Neville Island from 1942 to 1945 and 'worked with and around asbestos products' attributed to Johns-Manville; interrogatory answers place him at the 'Ship Yard, East Yard - outfitting dock' working 'in hold of ship where they were putting up insulation.' He was diagnosed with mesothelioma May 8, 1978 and died February 21, 1979. The trial court granted Dravo summary judgment on workers'-compensation/Longshoremen's Act exclusivity grounds; the Superior Court affirmed. The 1942-45 exposure window covers this hull's February-August 1943 construction at the same Neville Island yard.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1945 (exposure alleged); 1979-1983 (litigation)
- Population
- Dravo Neville Island shipyard workers, 1942-1945 exposure window
- Limitations
- Yard-level, not hull-level: the opinion names Dravo's Neville Island shipyard, not LST-33 or any specific hull. The asbestos allegations are pleading/interrogatory-stage assertions; the affirmed summary judgment for Dravo on exclusivity grounds is a merits-level negative for that plaintiff, not an exposure finding - the court never adjudicated whether asbestos conditions existed. Does not establish presence aboard or exposure of any worker to this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-33-lst33-06
-
[8]In re Dravo LLC - Derivative Claims Against Carmeuse Lime, Inc., J-79A/79B-2025, Nos. 33-34 WAP 2024 (Pa. Sup. Ct., decided May 22, 2026), Brobson, J.; Superior Court decision Dec. 19, 2023 at Nos. 1210/1284 WDA 2022 (307 A.3d 146) [court_record]
- Locator
- Pa. Supreme Court opinion (official pacourts.us PDF): background section on Dravo asbestos claims and dissolution; holding section on veil piercing
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- In re Dravo LLC - Derivative Claims Against Carmeuse Lime, Inc., Nos. 33-34 WAP 2024 (Pa., decided May 22, 2026): the Pennsylvania Supreme Court's opinion recites that Dravo faced 'Asbestos Claims' that 'typically were based on allegations of exposure to asbestos during Dravo's operations from the 1940s through the 1980s,' that hundreds of asbestos claimants asserted claims by the July 13, 2020 dissolution claim bar date, and that timely claims were resolved under the LLC Act Subchapter G dissolution proceeding. The Court held the equitable remedy of veil piercing unavailable to time-barred claimants and reversed the Superior Court (307 A.3d 146, 2023 PA Super 268).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1940s-1980s (alleged exposure era); 2018-2026 (dissolution and appellate proceedings)
- Population
- Dravo asbestos claimants (alleged exposures 1940s-1980s)
- Limitations
- Corporate-liability landscape for the builder only - a parent-company veil-piercing dispute that establishes the existence and scale of Dravo asbestos claims, not the validity of any exposure assertion. No court in this line of cases made findings about asbestos conditions at Neville Island or aboard any hull. Not ship-specific.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-33-lst33-07
-
[9]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- AJIM 11(3):359-373, abstract and article
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during World War II - the era and program under which this LST-1-class hull was mass-produced at an inland yard - and that wartime production pressure drove unprecedented asbestos utilization aboard naval and merchant hulls.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel, this class, or the Dravo yard, and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-33-lst33-08
-
[10]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct. 18, 1979) - product page [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page metadata; gao.gov returned HTTP 403 to automated fetch - full text not retrieved
- Finding type
- regulatory
- Finding
- GAO HRD-80-2 documents Navy-level asbestos hazard-management efforts of the period covered (program-level context for WWII-built naval vessels).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- report issued 1979; covers WWII-era and later exposure management
- Population
- Navy workers (program-level context)
- Limitations
- Program-level Navy asbestos-policy documentation, not hull- or class-specific. Access is blocked to automated fetches (standing defect since Batch 01); the product-page description was used and full-text pull remains the open lead. No vessel finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-33-lst33-09
-
[11]Batch-6867 search ledger (this record): DANFS (archived NHHC + HistoryCentral mirror); NavSource 10/16/160033; BuShips SDB 1945 v2; Hellenic Navy history (archived); CourtListener API v4; NVR; NARA catalog; gao.gov [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-33-lst33-01 through sl-uss-lst-33-lst33-13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, museum record, or docketed case naming LST-33 or HS Samos (L-179) was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener searches on 2026-10-02 (opinions 'LST-33' = zero; dockets 'LST-33'/'LST 33' = two name-collision criminal/civil dockets; opinions 'Samos' asbestos = two name collisions) produced no qualifying hit (see search_ledger).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1943 hull of this type is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials, and Greek-era (1943-1977) maintenance/refit records were not located in English-accessible sources at all, so the Greek service period is effectively undocumented. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-33-lst33-10
-
[12]Cross-check: DANFS LST-33/LST-36 entries (archived NHHC + HistoryCentral mirror) vs uboat.net ship/11193, Wikipedia 'Greek landing ship Samos (L179)', navypedia 'SAMOS tank landing ships' page, NavSource LST-33 [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net allies/warships/ship/11193.html; navypedia gr_ls_samos table row for L179; DANFS texts
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Source conflicts resolved: (a) uboat.net's LST-33 page asserts she was 'renamed Lemnos' - contradicted by DANFS (Samos, L-179) and internally inconsistent with DANFS's LST-36 entry (transferred to Greece 23 August 1943 and served as Lemnos, L-158); treated as a secondary-source error. (b) Wikipedia's lead frames the 18 August 1943 transfer as occurring 'before being commissioned into the USN' - contradicted by DANFS's commissioning date of 4 August 1943; NavSource's per-hull timeline omits the commissioning line entirely. DANFS carried as controlling for both. (c) Greek stricken/decommissioning: navypedia lists Samos L-179 'stricken 9.1977'; Wikipedia gives decommissioning 25 September 1977; NavSource records 'fate unknown' - the 1977 endpoint rests on secondary sources.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1977
- Limitations
- Correction resolves publication-level discrepancies against primary DANFS text; the Greek-era endpoint (1977 decommissioning and post-service disposition) remains secondary-sourced - NavSource's 'fate unknown' stands as the most conservative statement. navypedia and uboat.net are secondary aggregators used for cross-check only, never as sole support for a carried date.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-33-lst33-11
-
[13]NARA deck-log guidance (archives.gov WWII deck logs, RG 24 Entry 118 / NAID 594258); Heinz History Center Detre Library collections (MSS 288, Dravo LST photographs); University of Pittsburgh AIS.1972.09; HHC Frank E. Harper papers MSS 873 [other_primary]
- Locator
- archives.gov deck-log guidance page; heinzhistorycenter.wordpress.com Dravo LST photographs post; digital.library.pitt.edu AIS.1972.09 record
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - no reproduction order placed): NARA RG 24 (Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel), Entry 118, series 'Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships and Stations, 1941-1978' (NAID 594258) - August 1943 deck logs would document the 14-day US commission, fitting-out/downriver transit, and transfer; USN WWII muster rolls are likewise at NARA. Builder records: Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania / Heinz History Center Detre Library holds Dravo Corporation records 1900-1986, MSS 288 (bulk 1943-1986), including the Dravo LST photograph collection; University of Pittsburgh Archives holds the D.A. Booth Collection on Dravo Corporation (AIS.1972.09) and Frank E. Harper papers (MSS 873) with Dravo engineering documents.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1947 records
- Limitations
- Record-group and collection mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; whether any of these contain asbestos-relevant documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed. The NARA catalog interface is JS-rendered and returned no result to automated fetch this session. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-33-lst33-12