Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
-
[1]research packet 665-packet.md (2 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-351-lst351-pkt-665-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, LST-351 (NHHC live page) - construction, sponsor, commissioning, EAME campaigns, UK transfer, striking, disposal [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS LST-351 entry, full text
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: 'LST-351 was laid down on 9 November 1942 at the Norfolk Navy Yard; launched on 7 February 1943; sponsored by Mrs. P. F. Wakeman; and commissioned on 24 February 1943.' Assigned to the European theater; operations: Sicilian occupation July 1943; Salerno landings September 1943; Anzio-Nettuno advanced landings January through March 1944; Invasion of Normandy June 1944. 'On 12 December 1944, she was transferred to the United Kingdom. The tank landing ship was struck from the Navy list on 15 October 1946 and returned to United States Navy custody on 10 December 1946. She was sold to the Netherlands sometime between 30 December 1946 and 17 June 1947.' Earned four battle stars for World War II service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1947 (entry coverage)
- Population
- Norfolk Navy Yard construction trades (1942-43); USN crew (1943-44)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific official history; contains no asbestos or material content. DANFS gives no CO name, no spec block, and no post-sale Dutch fate. Stricken date (15 Oct 1946) conflicts with NavSource (10 Dec 1946 - see ev-09). Live page verified 2026-10-02 - unlike the Batch-01 NHHC 404 pattern, this DANFS entry resolves.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-351-lst351-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LST-351 (page 10/16/160351) - designation timeline, Royal Navy service detail, specifications, CO list, campaign table, photo record [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 160351.htm header block, campaign table, Royal Navy history block, specifications block, Commanding Officers table, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: laid down 9 November 1942 at Norfolk Navy Yard, Portsmouth, VA; launched 7 February 1943; commissioned USS LST-351, 24 February 1943, LT. Scott Howe, USNR, in command; EAME theater campaigns (Sicilian occupation 9-15 July 1943; Salerno landings 9-21 September 1943; Anzio-Nettuno advanced landings 22 January - 1 March 1944; Invasion of Normandy 6-25 June 1944); decommissioned and transferred to the United Kingdom 12 December 1944; commissioned into the Royal Navy as HM LST-351 the same day; 'No record of active service in the Royal Navy'; mud-berthed Sandacre Bay, Saltash, Cornwall, 30 July 1946; re-delivered to US Navy custody 10 December 1946; struck from the Naval Register 10 December 1946 (conflicts with DANFS - see ev-09); sold to the Netherlands 30 December 1946. CO list: LT. Scott Howe USNR (Feb-Dec 1943), LT. Richard W. Caldwell USNR (Dec 1943 - 22 Sep 1944), LT. Joseph K. Grainger USNR (22 Sep - 12 Dec 1944). Spec block: 1,625 t light / 4,080 t full; 328 ft oa; two GM 12-567A 900 hp diesels, Falk reduction gears, two propellers 1,700 shp, 11.6 kt trial; complement 9 officers/120 enlisted + troops 14 officers/131 enlisted; 6 LCVP. Photo record includes IWM NA 11079 (Salerno harbor loading for Anzio, Jan 1944) and Naples POW-offloading image printed in National Geographic Magazine.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- Norfolk Navy Yard construction trades (1942-43); USN crew (1943-44); RN caretaker crew (1944-46)
- Limitations
- Volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestone dates generally track NVR/DANFS but the stricken date conflicts with DANFS (10 Dec vs 15 Oct 1946). Spec block is class-standard data reprinted on this hull's page, not a hull-specific survey. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-351-lst351-02
-
[4]uboat.net Allied Warships of WWII, USS LST 351 (LST 351) - independent milestone corroboration incl. order date; companion Royal Navy page ship/12266.html [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship/11424.html (USN page) and ship/12266.html (RN page) - data tables
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Independent secondary corroboration for this hull: ordered 20 May 1942; built by Norfolk Navy Yard (Portsmouth, Virginia); laid down 9 November 1942; launched 7 February 1943; commissioned 24 February 1943; decommissioned 12 December 1944 for transfer to the Royal Navy; returned to the USN 10 December 1946; sold 30 December 1946. The companion Royal Navy page (HMS LST 351) confirms RN commissioning 12 December 1944 and return to the USN 10 December 1946.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Limitations
- Specialist secondary compilation - corroborates DANFS/NavSource milestones and adds the order date, but is not a primary registry. 'Sold 30 December 1946' is more precise than DANFS's range (30 Dec 1946 - 17 Jun 1947) and cannot be independently confirmed; carried as the plausible exact date, range retained in gaps. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-351-lst351-03
-
[5]The National WWII Museum, Digital Collections - oral history of Robert Jagers, Signalman 3/c, USS LST-351 (interview 9 Feb 2008; collection held by the National Museum of the Pacific War) [museum_official]
- Locator
- ww2online.org/view/robert-jagers collection page and segment pages (overseas-mediterranean, approaching-sicily, anzio, d-day-operations, stories-of-life-on-ship)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Firsthand crew account for this hull: Signalman 3rd Class Robert Jagers reported to LST-351 around February-March 1943 at the amphibious training base at Solomons, Maryland; shakedown via New York, Bermuda, and a 35-day convoy passage to Gibraltar; beach-landing training at Arzew, Algeria; Licata, Sicily landings July 1943 (wounded by shrapnel during a German bombing raid at Bizerte - Purple Heart); Salerno landing September 1943 (diesel engines fouled while retracting the beach); Anzio landings January-March 1944; withdrawn from the Anzio shuttle for the Normandy buildup (Operation Tiger era); Utah Beach on D-Day (carried ~1,000 German prisoners and ~250 casualties back across the Channel; roughly 25-30 Channel crossings total); ship decommissioned and handed to the British December 1944; Jagers returned to the US December 1944. He authored a memoir, 'Whales of World War II.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1944 (service); 2008 (interview)
- Population
- SM3c Robert Jagers; LST-351 ship's company 1943-44; embarked troops and POWs on shuttle runs
- Limitations
- Eyewitness oral history recorded 2008 - vessel-history evidence of a named individual's service aboard this hull across its whole commissioned career; subject to normal oral-history error. Contains no asbestos or material content; this record makes no exposure claim for Jagers or any individual.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-351-lst351-04
-
[6]Era inference built on: NavSource spec block for this hull (two GM 12-567A diesels, Falk reduction gears, 1,700 shp - diesel plant, no boilers); shipyard-exposure-map documented asbestos product list for norfolk-naval-shipyard (pipe insulation/lagging, boiler and turbine insulation, gaskets, packing, electrical cable insulation, deck coverings, bulkhead fire barriers); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-use era documentation (ev-06); NAVFAC NNSY site descriptions (ev-08) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 160351.htm specifications block; shipyards.json product list for norfolk-naval-shipyard; GAO HRD-80-2
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered LST-1-class tank landing ship built 1942-43 at Norfolk Navy Yard sits inside both the Navy's documented asbestos-use era and that yard's documented asbestos-handling era. Era-standard asbestos applications aboard a vessel of this type and period: diesel exhaust lagging on the GM 12-567A engines and their uptake runs, engine-room thermal and acoustic insulation, gaskets and valve packing, deck coverings/tile, bulkhead and accommodation insulation, winch and boat-davit brake linings, and electrical cable insulation. As a diesel ship she carried no boilers or steam propulsion plant - the boiler/steam-line lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply; the exposure dynamic concentrates in machinery spaces, deck coverings, and accommodation insulation.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Population
- Norfolk Navy Yard construction trades (1942-43); USN crew (1943-44); RN caretaker/maintenance crew (1944-46); post-sale Dutch handlers
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for LST-351. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-351-lst351-05
-
[7]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) - full text via Wayback capture (live gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch, confirmed 2026-10-02) [gao]
- Locator
- HRD-80-2 digest (pp. i-ii of digest), 'Navy's Policy on Use of Asbestos' section, 'Norfolk Naval Shipyard' subsection of the shipyard review chapter
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reviewed the Navy's asbestos worker-protection programs specifically at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards - this hull's builder. Findings relevant to the yard and era: 'although all ships contain some asbestos in such components as clutches and electric cables, most ships delivered in the last several years ... have little or no asbestos as thermal insulation, which was the Navy's major use of asbestos aboard ships'; insulation specs were changed in 1973 and ships were still being delivered with asbestos insulation as late as May 1978. At Norfolk, the assisting OSHA industrial hygienist observed an asbestos rip-out aboard ship with PPE generally in use, but workers reported protective measures were not always taken; the yard's asbestos program coordinator doubled as pipe-shop superintendent until the post was made full-time in May 1979; Navy's own 1977 review at Norfolk found 'numerous deficiencies - some serious,' ~95% reported corrected by February 1979.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1977-1979 (fieldwork); asbestos-use era described spans this hull's 1942-43 construction
- Population
- Norfolk Naval Shipyard asbestos workers and rip-out crews (1977-79 observations); Navy ship crews fleet-wide
- Limitations
- Program-level and yard-level documentation: GAO inspected 1977-79 practices, not 1942-43 construction; LST-351 is not named anywhere in the report. Documents that asbestos work was routine at the builder yard and that the Navy used asbestos thermal insulation aboard ships through the 1970s - era and yard context only. Live gao.gov product page and asset both return HTTP 403; the Wayback PDF capture (2026-08-10) was retrieved and text-extracted this session.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-351-lst351-06
-
[8]Tagnon I, Blot WJ, Stroube RB, Day NE, Morris LE, Peace BB, Fraumeni JF Jr. 'Mesothelioma associated with the shipbuilding industry in coastal Virginia.' Cancer Res. 1980 Nov;40(11):3875-9. (NCI Environmental Epidemiology Branch; PMID 7471040) [other_primary]
- Locator
- PubMed abstract PMID 7471040; Cancer Res. 40(11):3875-9
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed NCI case-control epidemiology documenting a fourfold mesothelioma excess among white males in coastal Tidewater, Virginia (1972-78), linked to employment in area shipyards - the region containing this hull's builder (Norfolk Navy Yard, Portsmouth). 61 cases identified; three-fourths had been employed in the shipbuilding industry, nearly all beginning employment prior to 1950; 'an increased risk was also found among those who worked only temporarily, mainly during World War II, and were reportedly exposed to asbestos.' Pipecoverers and pipefitters were over-represented; cases worked a variety of shipyard trades.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1972-1978 (cases); employment windows reaching back to the WWII construction era
- Population
- Tidewater VA shipyard workers (career and temporary WWII employees); 61 mesothelioma cases 1972-78
- Limitations
- Region- and industry-level epidemiology: Tidewater shipyards include Newport News and private yards alongside NNSY; the study does not break out Norfolk Navy Yard alone and does not name any vessel. Establishes that the builder's industry/region had a documented asbestos-disease cluster covering the wartime construction era - context only, not hull evidence.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-351-lst351-07
-
[9]NAVFAC, Norfolk Naval Shipyard Environmental Restoration site descriptions (Superfund site VA1170024813) - asbestos waste documented in NNSY disposal areas (live navfac.navy.mil returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch; cited via Wayback capture 2026-07-02) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAVFAC Norfolk NSY Site Descriptions - Site 10 paragraph and OU2/Paradise Creek section
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- Official Navy environmental documentation for this hull's builder: Norfolk Naval Shipyard is EPA Superfund site VA1170024813. NAVFAC's site descriptions record that the Site 10 Disposal Area (in use prior to 1927 and until 1941) received 'various solid wastes generated by NNSY, salvage waste, abrasive blast material (ABM), fly ash, and asbestos waste,' and that the Paradise Creek Disposal Area sites received shipyard wastes including asbestos from 1945 onward - bracketing this hull's November 1942 - February 1943 construction window with documented asbestos in the yard's waste stream immediately before and after.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- pre-1927-1941 (Site 10); 1945-1983 (Paradise Creek)
- Population
- NNSY workforce (waste-generating operations); remediation-era populations
- Limitations
- Yard-level environmental record, not a hull record: documents asbestos in NNSY disposal areas, not materials installed aboard LST-351. Asbestos is named as disposed material in NAVFAC narrative descriptions; asbestos is not a CERCLA contaminant of concern in the 2010 OU2 ROD (metals/organics drove the remedy). Live page blocked to automation; content verified in the Wayback capture.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-351-lst351-08
-
[10]Batch-6890 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS live page; NavSource 160351; uboat.net ship pages; National WWII Museum Jagers oral-history collection; CourtListener API v4 (three queries run, one blocked by fleet pacing); GAO HRD-80-2 via Wayback; PubMed 7471040; NAVFAC NNSY via Wayback; NVR coverage check; secondary-web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-351-lst351-01 through -16
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or qualifying litigation naming USS LST-351 / HM LST-351 was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener: 'LST-351' unquoted returned 159 opinion hits of which all 20 first-page results are name collisions on incidental document strings (Bates numbers, docket IDs - e.g. prisoner civil-rights cases Deeds v. Helling D. Nev. 3:07-cv-00060 and Smith v. Davis N.D. Cal. 3:07-cv-04089); '"USS LST-351"' quoted returned 0 opinions; '"LST-351"' docket search returned 2 hits, both prisoner civil-rights name collisions. A '"LST-351" asbestos' opinion query could not be run - blocked by fleet-wide pacing, logged as blocked not as a negative result. The secondary-web sweep surfaced NO law-firm or marketing pages asserting asbestos aboard this hull - unusual for the class and noted honestly.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the hull's WWII construction at a documented asbestos-era yard is consistent with era-standard materials. Litigation coverage is partial: deeper pages of the 159 unquoted opinion hits were not exhaustively reviewed, and the asbestos-joined query was blocked by pacing - treat the litigation picture as open, not negative. Deck logs (RG 24), builder's work packages, and any Dutch-registry disposal records are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-351-lst351-09
-
[11]Date cross-check: DANFS LST-351 entry (struck 15 October 1946; sold 'between 30 December 1946 and 17 June 1947'); NavSource 160351 header (struck 10 December 1946; sold 30 December 1946); uboat.net (sold 30 December 1946) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS entry closing paragraph; NavSource 160351.htm 'Struck from the Naval Register' line; uboat.net ship/11424.html history table
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION: NavSource's header block prints 'Struck from the Naval Register, 10 December 1946' - the same date as re-delivery to US custody - while the authoritative DANFS entry states she 'was struck from the Navy list on 15 October 1946 and returned to United States Navy custody on 10 December 1946' (struck before re-delivery, while still formally in RN custody). The DANFS sequence is carried in this record. On the sale: DANFS gives a range (between 30 December 1946 and 17 June 1947) while NavSource and uboat.net print the single date 30 December 1946; the DANFS range is carried, with 30 December 1946 noted as the corroborated but narrower secondary figure.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1946-1947
- Limitations
- Corrects a milestone-date discrepancy between an authoritative source and secondary compilations, not a material claim. The pre-1950 Naval Vessel Register was a printed register, not the modern nvr.navy.mil database; neither stricken date could be checked against a primary register page this session. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-351-lst351-10