Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
-
[1]research packet 666-packet.md (2 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-360-lst360-pkt-666-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, LST-360 (NHHC ship-history page, live-verified via firecrawl 2026-10-02) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS LST-360 entry (single-paragraph LST-format entry)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull: laid down 21 November 1942 at the Charleston Navy Yard; launched 11 January 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Willard James Riddick; commissioned 9 February 1943. Assigned to the European theater: Sicilian occupation (July and August 1943); Anzio-Nettuno advanced landings (January through March 1944); invasion of Normandy (June 1944). Transferred to the United Kingdom 29 November 1944; returned to United States Navy custody and decommissioned 10 June 1946; struck from the Navy list 15 August 1946; sold 8 October 1947. Three battle stars for World War II service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Population
- Charleston Navy Yard construction trades 1942-43; USN crew 1943-44; RN crew 1944-46
- Limitations
- DANFS documents build dates and service history, not materials or asbestos content. It does not give complement, dimensions, or machinery figures for this hull, does not name the post-1947 buyer, and does not mention the Royal Navy LSE(LC)-52 conversion documented by NavSource. DANFS's 'returned to US Navy custody and decommissioned on 10 June 1946' compresses the RN payoff date and the decommission event - NavSource records US decommission on transfer (29 Nov 1944).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-360-lst360-01
-
[3]NavSource Online Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LST-360 / HM LST-360 (10/16/160360, live-verified via firecrawl 2026-10-02 - note .net, the .org domain is dead) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource USS LST-360 page: awards block, campaign table, Royal Navy history block, specifications, commanding-officers table, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource record for this hull: LST-1-class tank landing ship; international radio call sign NZGY; laid down 21 November 1942 at Charleston Navy Yard; launched 11 January 1943; commissioned USS LST-360 9 February 1943, LT. C. R. Lea, USNR, in command. Campaign table (Europe-Africa-Middle East theater): Sicilian occupation 9-15 July and 28 July-17 August 1943; West coast of Italy operations - Anzio-Nettuno advanced landings 22 January-1 March 1944; Invasion of Normandy 6-25 June 1944. Decommissioned and transferred to the United Kingdom 29 November 1944. Royal Navy history block: commissioned into the Royal Navy as HM LST-360 29 November 1944; converted to Landing Ship Emergency Repair (Landing Craft) LSE(LC)-52 at Wallsend Slipway, River Tyne, 18 December 1944 to 30 June 1945; paid off and returned to US Navy custody 10 June 1946. Struck from the Naval Register 15 August 1946; final disposition 'fate unknown'. Three battle stars. Specifications: 1,625 t light / 4,080 t full / 2,366 t beaching; 328 ft oa x 50 ft beam; 11.6 kt trial; complement 13 officers / 104 enlisted; troop accommodations 16 officers / 147 enlisted; 2 LCVP; two General Motors 12-567A 900 hp diesels, single Falk main reduction gears, three diesel-drive 100 kW 230 V DC ship's-service generators, two propellers 1,700 shp, twin rudders. Commanding officers: LT C. R. Lea (9 Feb 1943-Feb 1944), LT William C. Hanway Jr., USNR (Feb 1944-29 Nov 1944). Photo record: beached at Anzio February 1944 with USS LST-379; beached at Ajaccio, Corsica, 25-26 March 1944 with LST-326, LST-358, LST-197, LST-377; beached at Normandy June 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Population
- Charleston Navy Yard construction trades 1942-43; USN crew 1943-44; RN crew and Wallsend Slipway conversion trades 1944-45
- Limitations
- NavSource is the canonical per-hull reference used across this dataset; its specification block is class-level figures applied to the hull record, and the LSE(LC)-52 Wallsend conversion is documented only here (corroborated in outline by uboat.net's HMS LST 360 entry, a secondary source not cited). Documents history and design; contains no asbestos, materials, or exposure information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-360-lst360-02
-
[4]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 2 (January 1945), LST1-490 design table and lend-lease transfer table (shipscribe.com scan with text layer, downloaded and text-extracted 2026-10-02) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v2: LST1-490 design/machinery table; lend-lease 'Transferred to United Kingdom' table, LST360 row (p. 269 scan region)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The official BuShips lend-lease transfer table ('Vessels transferred to foreign governments under lend lease - TRANSFERRED TO UNITED KINGDOM') lists LST360 with transfer date 29 November 1944 - matching DANFS and NavSource. The LST1-490 design-group table (the group containing LST-360) gives: 328 ft overall x 50 ft beam, ~2,366 t / 4,080 t full displacement, 11.6 knots, two G.M. Diesel 12-567A engines, 1,700 shp, two propellers. This hull does not appear in the publication's builder roster (which lists still-US-held hulls); it appears in the separate foreign-transfer table.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1945 (publication January 1945)
- Limitations
- Primary government compilation published January 1945. The transfer table records name-after-transfer and date only; the design table is design-group data, not an as-built survey of this hull. No asbestos, insulation, or material content in the source.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-360-lst360-03
-
[5]Lowcountry Digital Library (College of Charleston), Charleston Naval Shipyard Photographs collection (contributing institution: Patriots Point Naval and Maritime Museum) - official U.S. Navy yard photographs of LST-360: lcdl:1088 (commissioning ceremonies, photo 386-43, 9 Feb 1943, File 14906); lcdl:1082 and lcdl:1081 (dual launching of USS LST 359 and 360 from Building Ways 342 and 342C, photo 157-43, 11 Jan 1943); lcdl:1083, lcdl:1084 (LST program sub-contractor and planning-section representatives at the launch); NavSource keel-laying photo 1016036003 (photo 156-43, 21 Nov 1942) is from the same yard series [museum_official]
- Locator
- LCDL catalog records lcdl:1088, lcdl:1081, lcdl:1082, lcdl:1083, lcdl:1084 (search 'LST 360', Charleston Naval Shipyard Photographs)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official Charleston Navy Yard photographs document this hull's construction events: keel-laying ceremony 21 November 1942; dual launching of LST-359 and LST-360 from Building Ways 342 and 342C on 11 January 1943; and commissioning ceremonies 9 February 1943 - all at the U.S. Navy Yard, Charleston, S.C.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1943
- Population
- Charleston Navy Yard construction trades and launch-party attendees 1942-43
- Limitations
- Photographic record with original typed captions; corroborates construction dates and the dual launch with sister LST-359. Contains no asbestos, materials, or process content - yard photo captions do not describe materials.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-360-lst360-04
-
[6]National Archives Catalog, 'LST-360' search (rendered via firecrawl 2026-10-02): 231 results, 225 available online - ~19 digitized RG 38 WWII War Diary file units authored by this hull (e.g., NAIDs 135906078 war diary July 1943 covering Sicily; 78354958 February 1944 AA action report covering Anzio; 78479330 action report on the Invasion of Normandy 6/6/44; 78334585, 78424667, 78471526, 78510948, 78551172, 78629072, 78665048, 633385101, 78205498, 78275190, 134202603, 134278731, 134288662, 135926188, 136041506, 136049784) plus RG 24 muster rolls file unit 'LST-360, 2/9/43-11/29/44' (NAID 126665558, Roll 4478) spanning the full US commissioned period [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov search 'LST-360', results 1-20 of 231; muster rolls NAID 126665558; representative war-diary NAIDs listed in citation_value
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The National Archives Catalog indexes an unusually complete digitized record group for this hull: monthly war diaries April 1943 through October 1944 (RG 38, Office of Naval Records and Library / CNO), including named action reports for Sicily, the February-March 1944 AA actions at Anzio, and the Normandy invasion, plus the ship's muster rolls for 9 February 1943 - 29 November 1944 (RG 24, Bureau of Naval Personnel) covering the entire US commission. These are the hull's own primary records and are the evidentiary base for crew population and operational detail.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1944
- Population
- USN crew 1943-44 (muster-roll population); embarked troops
- Limitations
- Archival lead: catalog-level file-unit titles verified; the digitized page images themselves were not read page-by-page this session. War diaries and muster rolls are operational/personnel records - they document crew strength and operations, not materials or asbestos content, though they are the authoritative source for crew population.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-360-lst360-05
-
[7]Consolidated era/design inference built on: BuShips Ships' Data 1945 v2 LST1-490 machinery data (diesel, no boilers); NavSource Royal Navy history block (LSE(LC)-52 conversion, Wallsend Slipway, River Tyne, 18 Dec 1944-30 Jun 1945); class profile lst-1-class.class.json (ev-lst-1-class-01, ev-lst-1-class-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v2 LST1-490 machinery table; NavSource 10/16/160360.htm Royal Navy history block
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference for this diesel-powered LST-1-class hull: built 1942-43 at a US Navy yard inside the documented WWII naval-shipbuilding asbestos era, with no boilers - so the steam-lagging pathway does not apply. Era-standard asbestos applications aboard a 1942 amphibious hull of this type were concentrated in diesel exhaust lagging and exhaust/manifold gaskets, engine-room thermal and acoustic insulation, deck coverings and tile, bulkhead and accommodation insulation, electrical insulation, valve packing, and winch/windlass brake linings. Her documented yard-event windows - the 1942-43 Charleston Navy Yard build and the six-month 1944-45 Wallsend Slipway conversion to an emergency-repair ship (LSE(LC)-52), which added workshop and repair spaces - are the periods when era-standard materials would have been installed, disturbed, or worked.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- Charleston Navy Yard construction trades 1942-43; USN crew incl. engine-room ratings 1943-44; Wallsend Slipway conversion trades 1944-45; RN crew 1944-46
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only: no hull-specific insulation schedule, material list, survey, work package, or exposure record located for LST-360. The yard events are ship-documented; any asbestos scope within them is inferred from era practice, not documented. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantity; no manufacturer attribution.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-360-lst360-06
-
[8]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) - DOI resolves to Wiley article page (bot-gated HTTP 403 to automated fetch; metadata verified) [other_primary]
- Locator
- AJIM 11(3):359-373, abstract and article
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documenting that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and program under which this hull was built at Charleston Navy Yard in 1942-43 - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in naval and merchant hull construction.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel, yard, or the LST type, and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-360-lst360-07
-
[9]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked to automated fetch, HTTP 403; content via product-page description)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented the Navy's asbestos-protection program: extensive asbestos insulation use in naval shipbuilding and repair was the standing condition through the era covered by the report, with a 1975 policy removing insulation only when damaged or required for repairs, modified 1979 to selective replacement in high-maintenance areas.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979 (report); 1942-46 (this hull's relevant window)
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers (program scope)
- Limitations
- Program-level context for the era in which this hull was built; the report postdates this hull's US custody (ended 1946) by three decades and does not mention this vessel or class. Does not establish materials aboard this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-360-lst360-08
-
[10]CourtListener API v4 authenticated searches via cl-auth-search.py, 2026-10-02: "LST-360" opinions 0 results; "LST-360" dockets 0 results; "USS LST-360" opinions 0 / dockets 0; "LST 360" asbestos opinions 0 / dockets 0 [court_record]
- Locator
- CourtListener search results, all queries 0 hits; search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-360-lst360-08 through -11
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- No qualifying asbestos litigation naming this hull was located. All six CourtListener index queries (exact hull number and 'USS LST-360', with and without 'asbestos', across both opinion and docket/RECAP indexes) returned zero results - a complete clean sweep with no name collisions requiring classification.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02 (search date)
- Limitations
- Absence of a located docket does not prove no claim was ever filed - RECAP coverage is incomplete for older state-court asbestos filings, MDL-875 service lists are not exhaustively indexed by hull number, and VA Board of Veterans' Appeals decisions are not in CourtListener (a web-indexed BVA sweep surfaced no hull-naming decision).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-360-lst360-09
-
[11]Batch-6899 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS; NavSource; BuShips SDB-1945 v2; NARA catalog; LCDL/Patriots Point yard photographs; Naval Vessel Register; CourtListener opinion and docket indexes; Atlas shipyards.json; EPA SEMS/ECHO; VA BVA web index; secondary web [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-360-lst360-01 through sl-uss-lst-360-lst360-14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, materials schedule, or docketed case naming LST-360 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - era-consistent construction argues for its presence, but that is inference, not ship-proven documentation. This hull's disposal path (foreign transfer 1944, sale 1947) forecloses any US-era abatement or survey record and predates the Navy's documented asbestos-management programs. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-360-lst360-10