Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
-
[1]research packet 667-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-365-lst365-pkt-667-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, LST-365 entry (Naval History and Heritage Command) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS LST-365 entry, single-paragraph ship history
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS records for this hull: 'LST-365 was laid down on 14 October 1942 at Quincy, Mass., by the Bethlehem Steel Co.; launched on 11 November 1942; sponsored by Mrs. Miles Sherman; and delivered to and commissioned by representatives of the United Kingdom on 14 December 1942. She was struck from the Navy list on 15 October 1946 and returned to United States Navy custody on 10 December 1946. On 5 June 1947, the tank landing ship was sold to Fresh Frozen Foods, Ltd., Ayrshire, Scotland, for conversion for merchant service.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Population
- Bethlehem Quincy construction trades (1942); Royal Navy crew (1942-1946)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific construction, transfer, stricken, custody-return, and sale facts only; contains no asbestos or material content. DANFS does not give a U.S. commissioning - the hull was delivered to and commissioned by the United Kingdom at completion, so she was never a commissioned U.S. Navy unit.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-365-lst365-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, HM LST-365 (10/16/160365) - timeline, Royal Navy history, specifications, photo captions, merchant-service disposition [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 160365.htm header block, Royal Navy History section, Specifications block, merchant-service paragraphs, and photo captions (Sword beach June 1944; POWs at Southampton; Guernsey May 1945; Elbe/Stavanger May 1945; Tilbury December 1944; Mowbray Road in British Railways service)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource documents for this hull: LST-1-class tank landing ship laid down 14 October 1942 at Bethlehem Steel Co., Quincy, MA; launched 11 November 1942; transferred to the United Kingdom and commissioned HM LST-365 on 14 December 1942. Royal Navy history: sailed from Halifax in convoy SC122/HX229 in company with HM LST-305; sailed from Scotland in convoy KMS18A to the Mediterranean; campaigns - Sicilian occupation, Salerno landings, West Coast of Italy operations 1944 including Anzio-Nettuno advanced landings, invasion of Normandy; shuttle service Tilbury-Ostend-Antwerp; relief of Norway; one trip to the Channel Islands September 1945; considerable storm damage on passage to Greenock December 1945; mudberthed at the head of Loch Striven and paid off 29 July 1946; struck from the Naval Register 15 October 1946; acquired 5 June 1947 by Seafreeze Industries Limited, Glasgow subsidiary Fresh Frozen Foods, Ltd., Ayrshire, Scotland, named Mowbray Road (first appearing in a Lloyd's Register 1948-1949 supplementary listing); acquired by British Railways circa 1950 for Stranraer-Larne ferry service; acquired 1952 by Senkat, Republic of Indonesia, registered Djakarta; renamed Adri 1 in 1953; final disposition possibly scrapped 1961-1962. Specifications block: two General Motors 12-567A 900hp diesels, single Falk main reduction gear, three diesel-driven 100 kW 230 V DC ship's-service generators, two propellers, 1,700 shp, 11.6 kts trial; complement 13 officers/104 enlisted; troop accommodations 16 officers/147 enlisted.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1962
- Population
- Royal Navy crew and embarked troops (1942-1946); merchant crews (1947-c.1961)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - campaign and convoy items are corroborated by UK National Archives catalogue records (ADM 199/2189/114; AIR 29/118/2) and uboat.net convoy narratives. The merchant chain (Seafreeze/British Railways/Senkat/Adri 1/scrapped c.1961-62) rests on NavSource alone. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-365-lst365-02
-
[4]uboat.net Allied Warships, HMS LST 365 (LST 365) warship entry and associated convoy narratives (KMS 18A; KMF 18) [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship/12273 data block, commanding-officers table, and 'Notable events' convoy narratives for KMS 18A and KMF 18
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- uboat.net Allied Warships documents this hull as HMS LST 365 (pennant LST 365), LST (Mk 2) class, built by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp., Quincy, MA; launched 11 November 1942; commissioned 14 December 1942; end service (decommissioned) 29 July 1946. Commanding officers listed: T/A/Lt.Cdr. Charles Frederick Halliday, RNR (Apr 1943 - 26 Apr 1944) and T/Lt. William Newton Pickering, RNR (26 Apr 1944 - 14 Oct 1945). Convoy narratives name her in KMS 18A (departed the Clyde 20 June 1943, arrived Gibraltar 29 June 1943) and the onward KMF 18 convoy arriving off Sicily in the early hours of 10 July 1943 (Operation Husky landings).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- Royal Navy crew (1942-1946); named commanding officers Halliday and Pickering
- Limitations
- uboat.net is a specialist secondary compilation drawing on Admiralty movement records; its laid-down date (1 October 1942) conflicts with DANFS/NavSource (14 October 1942) - DANFS carried, conflict logged in gaps. Builder is styled 'Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp.' vs DANFS 'Bethlehem Steel Co.' - same Quincy (Fore River) yard. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-365-lst365-03
-
[5]The National Archives (UK) Discovery catalogue: ADM 199/2189/114 (convoy SC 122 list) and AIR 29/118/2 (2863 Squadron RAF Regiment ORB) [other_primary]
- Locator
- TNA Discovery API record descriptions for C7159370 (AIR 29/118/2) and C10242874 (ADM 199/2189/114); record detail pages discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C7159370 and /C10242874
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Two UK National Archives catalogue records name this hull: (1) ADM 199/2189/114, Admiralty War History convoy list for SC 122 (sailed 8 March 1943, arrived 24 March 1943) lists 'LST 365' among the convoy's vessels; (2) AIR 29/118/2, Operations Record Book of 2863 (Light Anti-Aircraft) Squadron RAF Regiment, records that the squadron 'Departed from the UK on LST 365 in November 1944 and moved around Belgium and France.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1944
- Population
- Royal Navy crew (March 1943 convoy passage); 2863 (LAA) Squadron RAF Regiment embarked (November 1944)
- Limitations
- Catalogue descriptions verified via the TNA Discovery API; the underlying documents are not digitized online and were not examined. These establish the hull's convoy assignment (SC 122, March 1943) and an embarked unit (2863 Sqn, November 1944) - physical-presence and population records, not work or material records. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-365-lst365-04
-
[6]City of Quincy, Inaugural address of the mayor, with the annual report of the officers of the city of Quincy for the year 1942 (municipal document, digitized by Internet Archive) [other_primary]
- Locator
- archive.org full-text 'inauguraladdress1942quin', harbor department launch chronology: 'Nov. 11, L S T 365'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The City of Quincy's municipal record for 1942 lists this hull's launch: the harbor chronology of vessels launched from the Quincy yard includes 'Nov. 11, L S T 365' alongside the yard's other 1942 launches (LST 363, LST 364, LST 366-371, USS Bunker Hill), corroborating the DANFS/NavSource launch date of 11 November 1942.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942
- Population
- Bethlehem Quincy construction trades (1942)
- Limitations
- Municipal primary record corroborating the launch date only; OCR text layer was used (name rendered 'L S T 365'). Contains no asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-365-lst365-05
-
[7]BBC WW2 People's War archive, 'Watch It Jack!' (contributor's firsthand account of service aboard LST 365 at Salerno, 1943) [reputable_press]
- Locator
- BBC WW2 People's War story a6171743
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The BBC WW2 People's War archive carries a firsthand account from a Royal Navy crew member of this hull: 'I was on LST 365 (landing ship tanks) which carried about 60 tanks. I was about 20 in the crew of the Royal Navy. It was 1943 and we were in Salerno.' - documenting an identifiable crew population aboard during the Salerno landings (September 1943).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943
- Population
- Royal Navy crew member (1943, Salerno)
- Limitations
- A contributed personal account archived by the BBC - firsthand but unadjudicated and anecdotal. It documents that a named veteran crewed this hull during the 1943 Salerno operation; it is not an exposure record and contains no asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-365-lst365-06
-
[8]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications for this hull (2 x GM 12-567A diesels, no boilers) + the LST-1-class profile's BuShips Ships' Data U.S. Naval Vessels Vol. 2 (Jan 1945) LST design table + documented WWII-era U.S. shipbuilding asbestos practice (see ev-08, ev-09) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specifications block (this hull); BuShips SDB-1945 v2 LST design table (class profile)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered tank landing ship built in the fourth quarter of 1942 at Bethlehem Steel's Quincy (Fore River) yard sits inside the documented WWII-era asbestos-use window for U.S. shipbuilding. The LST-1 design carries no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply; era-standard asbestos-relevant applications aboard the type were diesel-exhaust lagging, engine-room thermal/acoustic insulation, gaskets and valve packing, deck coverings/tile, bulkhead and accommodation insulation, and winch/crane brake linings.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1962
- Population
- Bethlehem Quincy construction trades (1942); Royal Navy crew (1942-1946); merchant crews and ferry workers (1947-c.1961); shipbreakers (c.1961-62)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation schedule, material list, or work package located for LST-365. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-365-lst365-07
-
[9]Oliver v. General Electric Co. et al., U.S. District Court D. Md., Civ. No. 1:16-cv-01057 (Fore River Shipyard asbestos litigation documented in shipyards.json) + O'Connor v. Raymark Industries, Inc., 401 Mass. 586, 518 N.E.2d 510 (1988) (1940s welding-blanket product record in the yard dataset) + shipyard-exposure-map yard records for fore-river-shipyard and bethlehem-shipbuilding (Quincy, MA) [court_record]
- Locator
- shipyards.json yard records fore-river-shipyard (ev-fore-river-01: Oliver v. GE, govinfo USCOURTS-mdd-1_16-cv-01057; products_documented pd-fore-river-01: O'Connor v. Raymark, 401 Mass. 586) and bethlehem-shipbuilding
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- This hull's builder yard has yard-level asbestos documentation: the Atlas shipyards record for Fore River Shipyard (Quincy, MA - the site operated by Bethlehem Steel during WWII, where LST-365 was built) carries a documented court record of a pipefitter's/drafting apprentice employed at Fore River 1967-1970 suing over asbestos-related disease, and lists documented asbestos products at the yard (boilers, pipes, turbines, fireproofing materials, gaskets, packing, electrical components, asbestos wire insulation, asbestos cement, asbestos-containing paint) plus a product-level record of Raybestos-Manhattan asbestos welding blankets at the Bethlehem Steel (Fore River) Shipyard in the 1940s (O'Connor v. Raymark Industries, Inc., 401 Mass. 586 (1988)). The related corporate entry bethlehem-shipbuilding documents Bethlehem asbestos products (85% magnesia block, Marinite board, Transite, Aircell pipe covering, Unibestos, Limpet spray, Raybestos cloth) though its individual evidence rows are weighted toward the Bethlehem Sparrows Point (Baltimore) operation, not Quincy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942 (construction); 1940s (O'Connor product period); 1967-70 (Oliver litigation period)
- Population
- Fore River/Bethlehem Quincy construction and ship-repair trades (WWII era and later)
- Limitations
- Yard-level documentation, not a hull record: the Oliver record concerns Fore River employment in 1967-1970, two decades after this hull's 1942 construction; the O'Connor welding-blanket record is yard-level for the 1940s but does not name LST-365 or any vessel. No yard work package, material schedule, or survey names this hull. Dataset caveat: shipyards.json carries both a site entry (fore-river-shipyard) and a corporate entry (bethlehem-shipbuilding) whose evidence is Baltimore-weighted; only the Fore River site entry matches this hull's construction location.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-365-lst365-08
-
[10]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403; product-page description used)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's 1942 construction at a U.S. Navy-contracted yard.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979 (report); 1942 (construction era covered)
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. The hull transferred to the Royal Navy at completion (1942), so U.S. Navy in-service asbestos practice applies to her construction phase, not her 1942-46 commissioned career.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-365-lst365-09
-
[11]Batch-6904 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS live page; NavSource amphibious archive; uboat.net Allied Warships; UK National Archives Discovery API; City of Quincy 1942 report (archive.org); warsailors.com SC 122 roster; BBC WW2 People's War; NARA deck-log index; MARAD vessel-history search; shipyards.json yard records; GAO product page; CourtListener API v4 (authenticated); secondary web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-365-lst365-01 through -14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, material specification, or qualifying litigation naming LST-365 / HM LST-365 / Mowbray Road / Adri 1 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). Authenticated CourtListener searches returned zero hits for 'LST-365' (opinion and docket) and 'USS LST-365' (opinion) (2026-10-02); the remaining name-variant queries were pacing-blocked by the shared fleet budget - logged as blocked, not as a negative result. The secondary web sweep surfaced no law-firm listicle or case naming this hull - only NavSource, NHHC/DANFS, uboat.net, archive.org municipal records, and archive-catalogue records.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the ship's standard WWII construction makes era materials likely, and her c.1961-62 reported scrapping predates any hazmat documentation regime. The CourtListener sweep is incomplete: 'LST-365' returned zero in both opinion and docket indexes and 'USS LST-365' returned zero in opinions, but the 'USS LST-365' docket query and the 'HM LST-365'/'Mowbray Road' opinion/docket queries were pacing-blocked - an access gap, not a no-litigation conclusion. RN-era logs (ADM 53) and BuShips construction files are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-365-lst365-10